Evidence for Tocilizumab as a Treatment Option in Refractory Uveitis Associated with Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis
Por:
Tappeiner C, Mesquida M, Adán A, Anton-Lopez J, Ramanan AV, Carreno E, Mackensen F, Kotaniemi K, de Boer JH, Bou-Torrent R, García de Vicuña-Muñoz C and Heiligenhaus A
Publicada:
1 dic 2016
Ahead of Print:
15 sep 2016
Resumen:
Objective. To report on experience using the anti-interleukin 6 receptor antibody tocilizumab (TCZ) to treat severe and therapy-refractory uveitis associated with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA).
Methods. Retrospective data were gathered from patients with JIA receiving TCZ treatment for uveitis. JIA and related uveitis data (disease onset, activity, structural complications, and topical and systemic antiinflammatory treatment) were evaluated at the start of TCZ (baseline) and every 3 months during TCZ therapy.
Results. A total of 17 patients (14 women) with active uveitis were included (mean age 15.3 +/- 6.9 yrs, mean followup time 8.5 mos). In all patients, uveitis had been refractory to previous topical and systemic corticosteroids, methotrexate (MTX), and other synthetic and biological disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs, including >= 1 tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) inhibitor. Uveitis inactivity was achieved in 10 patients after a mean of 5.7 months of TCZ treatment (in 3 of them, it recurred during followup) and persisted in the remaining 7 patients. By using TCZ, systemic corticosteroids or immunosuppressives could be spared in 7 patients. Macular edema was present in 5 patients at baseline and improved in all of them under TCZ treatment. Arthritis was active in 11 patients at the initial and in 6 at the final followup visit.
Conclusion. TCZ appears to represent a therapeutic option for severe JIA-associated uveitis that has been refractory to MTX and TNF-alpha inhibitors in selected patients. The present data indicate that inflammatory macular edema responds well to TCZ in patients with JIA-associated uveitis.
Filiaciones:
Tappeiner C:
From the Department of Ophthalmology, St. Franziskus Hospital, Münster
Department of Ophthalmology and Interdisciplinary Uveitis Center, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg
University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
Department of Ophthalmology, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
Institut Clinic d'Oftalmologia, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, University of Barcelona
Pediatric Rheumatology Unit, and Ophthalmology Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, University of Barcelona, Esplugues, Barcelona, Spain
Department of Paediatric Rheumatology, Bristol Royal Hospital for Children
Clinical Research Unit, Bristol Eye Hospital, Bristol, UK
Department of Ophthalmology, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands. C. Tappeiner, MD, FEBO, Department of Ophthalmology, St. Franziskus Hospital, and Department of Ophthalmology, Inselspital, University of Bern
M. Mesquida, MD, PhD, Institut Clinic d'Oftalmologia, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, University of Barcelona
A. Adán, MD, PhD, Institut Clinic d'Oftalmologia, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, University of Barcelona
J. Anton, MD, PhD, Pediatric Rheumatology Unit, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, University of Barcelona
A.V. Ramanan, MD, Department of Paediatric Rheumatology, Bristol Royal Hospital for Children
E. Carreno, MD, PhD, Clinical Research Unit, Bristol Eye Hospital
F. Mackensen, MD, Department of Ophthalmology and Interdisciplinary Uveitis Center, University of Heidelberg
K. Kotaniemi, MD, PhD, Department of Ophthalmology, Helsinki University Hospital
J.H. de Boer, MD, PhD, Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center Utrecht
R. Bou, MD, Pediatric Rheumatology Unit, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, University of Barcelona
C.G. de Vicuña, MD, Ophthalmology Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, University of Barcelona
A. Heiligenhaus, MD, Department of Ophthalmology, St. Franziskus Hospital, and University of Duisburg-Essen. Address correspondence to Dr. C. Tappeiner, Department of Ophthalmology, Inselspital, Freiburgstr. 4, 3010 Bern, Switzerland. E-mail:
Mesquida M:
From the Department of Ophthalmology, St. Franziskus Hospital, Münster
Department of Ophthalmology and Interdisciplinary Uveitis Center, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg
University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
Department of Ophthalmology, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
Institut Clinic d'Oftalmologia, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, University of Barcelona
Pediatric Rheumatology Unit, and Ophthalmology Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, University of Barcelona, Esplugues, Barcelona, Spain
Department of Paediatric Rheumatology, Bristol Royal Hospital for Children
Clinical Research Unit, Bristol Eye Hospital, Bristol, UK
Department of Ophthalmology, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands. C. Tappeiner, MD, FEBO, Department of Ophthalmology, St. Franziskus Hospital, and Department of Ophthalmology, Inselspital, University of Bern
M. Mesquida, MD, PhD, Institut Clinic d'Oftalmologia, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, University of Barcelona
A. Adán, MD, PhD, Institut Clinic d'Oftalmologia, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, University of Barcelona
J. Anton, MD, PhD, Pediatric Rheumatology Unit, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, University of Barcelona
A.V. Ramanan, MD, Department of Paediatric Rheumatology, Bristol Royal Hospital for Children
E. Carreno, MD, PhD, Clinical Research Unit, Bristol Eye Hospital
F. Mackensen, MD, Department of Ophthalmology and Interdisciplinary Uveitis Center, University of Heidelberg
K. Kotaniemi, MD, PhD, Department of Ophthalmology, Helsinki University Hospital
J.H. de Boer, MD, PhD, Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center Utrecht
R. Bou, MD, Pediatric Rheumatology Unit, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, University of Barcelona
C.G. de Vicuña, MD, Ophthalmology Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, University of Barcelona
A. Heiligenhaus, MD, Department of Ophthalmology, St. Franziskus Hospital, and University of Duisburg-Essen. Address correspondence to Dr. C. Tappeiner, Department of Ophthalmology, Inselspital, Freiburgstr. 4, 3010 Bern, Switzerland. E-mail:
Adán A:
From the Department of Ophthalmology, St. Franziskus Hospital, Münster
Department of Ophthalmology and Interdisciplinary Uveitis Center, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg
University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
Department of Ophthalmology, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
Institut Clinic d'Oftalmologia, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, University of Barcelona
Pediatric Rheumatology Unit, and Ophthalmology Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, University of Barcelona, Esplugues, Barcelona, Spain
Department of Paediatric Rheumatology, Bristol Royal Hospital for Children
Clinical Research Unit, Bristol Eye Hospital, Bristol, UK
Department of Ophthalmology, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands. C. Tappeiner, MD, FEBO, Department of Ophthalmology, St. Franziskus Hospital, and Department of Ophthalmology, Inselspital, University of Bern
M. Mesquida, MD, PhD, Institut Clinic d'Oftalmologia, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, University of Barcelona
A. Adán, MD, PhD, Institut Clinic d'Oftalmologia, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, University of Barcelona
J. Anton, MD, PhD, Pediatric Rheumatology Unit, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, University of Barcelona
A.V. Ramanan, MD, Department of Paediatric Rheumatology, Bristol Royal Hospital for Children
E. Carreno, MD, PhD, Clinical Research Unit, Bristol Eye Hospital
F. Mackensen, MD, Department of Ophthalmology and Interdisciplinary Uveitis Center, University of Heidelberg
K. Kotaniemi, MD, PhD, Department of Ophthalmology, Helsinki University Hospital
J.H. de Boer, MD, PhD, Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center Utrecht
R. Bou, MD, Pediatric Rheumatology Unit, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, University of Barcelona
C.G. de Vicuña, MD, Ophthalmology Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, University of Barcelona
A. Heiligenhaus, MD, Department of Ophthalmology, St. Franziskus Hospital, and University of Duisburg-Essen. Address correspondence to Dr. C. Tappeiner, Department of Ophthalmology, Inselspital, Freiburgstr. 4, 3010 Bern, Switzerland. E-mail:
Anton-Lopez J:
From the Department of Ophthalmology, St. Franziskus Hospital, Münster
Department of Ophthalmology and Interdisciplinary Uveitis Center, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg
University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
Department of Ophthalmology, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
Institut Clinic d'Oftalmologia, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, University of Barcelona
Pediatric Rheumatology Unit, and Ophthalmology Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, University of Barcelona, Esplugues, Barcelona, Spain
Department of Paediatric Rheumatology, Bristol Royal Hospital for Children
Clinical Research Unit, Bristol Eye Hospital, Bristol, UK
Department of Ophthalmology, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands. C. Tappeiner, MD, FEBO, Department of Ophthalmology, St. Franziskus Hospital, and Department of Ophthalmology, Inselspital, University of Bern
M. Mesquida, MD, PhD, Institut Clinic d'Oftalmologia, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, University of Barcelona
A. Adán, MD, PhD, Institut Clinic d'Oftalmologia, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, University of Barcelona
J. Anton, MD, PhD, Pediatric Rheumatology Unit, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, University of Barcelona
A.V. Ramanan, MD, Department of Paediatric Rheumatology, Bristol Royal Hospital for Children
E. Carreno, MD, PhD, Clinical Research Unit, Bristol Eye Hospital
F. Mackensen, MD, Department of Ophthalmology and Interdisciplinary Uveitis Center, University of Heidelberg
K. Kotaniemi, MD, PhD, Department of Ophthalmology, Helsinki University Hospital
J.H. de Boer, MD, PhD, Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center Utrecht
R. Bou, MD, Pediatric Rheumatology Unit, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, University of Barcelona
C.G. de Vicuña, MD, Ophthalmology Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, University of Barcelona
A. Heiligenhaus, MD, Department of Ophthalmology, St. Franziskus Hospital, and University of Duisburg-Essen. Address correspondence to Dr. C. Tappeiner, Department of Ophthalmology, Inselspital, Freiburgstr. 4, 3010 Bern, Switzerland. E-mail:
Ramanan AV:
From the Department of Ophthalmology, St. Franziskus Hospital, Münster
Department of Ophthalmology and Interdisciplinary Uveitis Center, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg
University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
Department of Ophthalmology, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
Institut Clinic d'Oftalmologia, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, University of Barcelona
Pediatric Rheumatology Unit, and Ophthalmology Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, University of Barcelona, Esplugues, Barcelona, Spain
Department of Paediatric Rheumatology, Bristol Royal Hospital for Children
Clinical Research Unit, Bristol Eye Hospital, Bristol, UK
Department of Ophthalmology, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands. C. Tappeiner, MD, FEBO, Department of Ophthalmology, St. Franziskus Hospital, and Department of Ophthalmology, Inselspital, University of Bern
M. Mesquida, MD, PhD, Institut Clinic d'Oftalmologia, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, University of Barcelona
A. Adán, MD, PhD, Institut Clinic d'Oftalmologia, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, University of Barcelona
J. Anton, MD, PhD, Pediatric Rheumatology Unit, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, University of Barcelona
A.V. Ramanan, MD, Department of Paediatric Rheumatology, Bristol Royal Hospital for Children
E. Carreno, MD, PhD, Clinical Research Unit, Bristol Eye Hospital
F. Mackensen, MD, Department of Ophthalmology and Interdisciplinary Uveitis Center, University of Heidelberg
K. Kotaniemi, MD, PhD, Department of Ophthalmology, Helsinki University Hospital
J.H. de Boer, MD, PhD, Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center Utrecht
R. Bou, MD, Pediatric Rheumatology Unit, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, University of Barcelona
C.G. de Vicuña, MD, Ophthalmology Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, University of Barcelona
A. Heiligenhaus, MD, Department of Ophthalmology, St. Franziskus Hospital, and University of Duisburg-Essen. Address correspondence to Dr. C. Tappeiner, Department of Ophthalmology, Inselspital, Freiburgstr. 4, 3010 Bern, Switzerland. E-mail:
Carreno E:
From the Department of Ophthalmology, St. Franziskus Hospital, Münster
Department of Ophthalmology and Interdisciplinary Uveitis Center, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg
University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
Department of Ophthalmology, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
Institut Clinic d'Oftalmologia, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, University of Barcelona
Pediatric Rheumatology Unit, and Ophthalmology Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, University of Barcelona, Esplugues, Barcelona, Spain
Department of Paediatric Rheumatology, Bristol Royal Hospital for Children
Clinical Research Unit, Bristol Eye Hospital, Bristol, UK
Department of Ophthalmology, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands. C. Tappeiner, MD, FEBO, Department of Ophthalmology, St. Franziskus Hospital, and Department of Ophthalmology, Inselspital, University of Bern
M. Mesquida, MD, PhD, Institut Clinic d'Oftalmologia, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, University of Barcelona
A. Adán, MD, PhD, Institut Clinic d'Oftalmologia, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, University of Barcelona
J. Anton, MD, PhD, Pediatric Rheumatology Unit, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, University of Barcelona
A.V. Ramanan, MD, Department of Paediatric Rheumatology, Bristol Royal Hospital for Children
E. Carreno, MD, PhD, Clinical Research Unit, Bristol Eye Hospital
F. Mackensen, MD, Department of Ophthalmology and Interdisciplinary Uveitis Center, University of Heidelberg
K. Kotaniemi, MD, PhD, Department of Ophthalmology, Helsinki University Hospital
J.H. de Boer, MD, PhD, Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center Utrecht
R. Bou, MD, Pediatric Rheumatology Unit, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, University of Barcelona
C.G. de Vicuña, MD, Ophthalmology Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, University of Barcelona
A. Heiligenhaus, MD, Department of Ophthalmology, St. Franziskus Hospital, and University of Duisburg-Essen. Address correspondence to Dr. C. Tappeiner, Department of Ophthalmology, Inselspital, Freiburgstr. 4, 3010 Bern, Switzerland. E-mail:
Mackensen F:
From the Department of Ophthalmology, St. Franziskus Hospital, Münster
Department of Ophthalmology and Interdisciplinary Uveitis Center, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg
University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
Department of Ophthalmology, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
Institut Clinic d'Oftalmologia, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, University of Barcelona
Pediatric Rheumatology Unit, and Ophthalmology Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, University of Barcelona, Esplugues, Barcelona, Spain
Department of Paediatric Rheumatology, Bristol Royal Hospital for Children
Clinical Research Unit, Bristol Eye Hospital, Bristol, UK
Department of Ophthalmology, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands. C. Tappeiner, MD, FEBO, Department of Ophthalmology, St. Franziskus Hospital, and Department of Ophthalmology, Inselspital, University of Bern
M. Mesquida, MD, PhD, Institut Clinic d'Oftalmologia, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, University of Barcelona
A. Adán, MD, PhD, Institut Clinic d'Oftalmologia, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, University of Barcelona
J. Anton, MD, PhD, Pediatric Rheumatology Unit, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, University of Barcelona
A.V. Ramanan, MD, Department of Paediatric Rheumatology, Bristol Royal Hospital for Children
E. Carreno, MD, PhD, Clinical Research Unit, Bristol Eye Hospital
F. Mackensen, MD, Department of Ophthalmology and Interdisciplinary Uveitis Center, University of Heidelberg
K. Kotaniemi, MD, PhD, Department of Ophthalmology, Helsinki University Hospital
J.H. de Boer, MD, PhD, Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center Utrecht
R. Bou, MD, Pediatric Rheumatology Unit, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, University of Barcelona
C.G. de Vicuña, MD, Ophthalmology Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, University of Barcelona
A. Heiligenhaus, MD, Department of Ophthalmology, St. Franziskus Hospital, and University of Duisburg-Essen. Address correspondence to Dr. C. Tappeiner, Department of Ophthalmology, Inselspital, Freiburgstr. 4, 3010 Bern, Switzerland. E-mail:
Kotaniemi K:
From the Department of Ophthalmology, St. Franziskus Hospital, Münster
Department of Ophthalmology and Interdisciplinary Uveitis Center, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg
University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
Department of Ophthalmology, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
Institut Clinic d'Oftalmologia, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, University of Barcelona
Pediatric Rheumatology Unit, and Ophthalmology Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, University of Barcelona, Esplugues, Barcelona, Spain
Department of Paediatric Rheumatology, Bristol Royal Hospital for Children
Clinical Research Unit, Bristol Eye Hospital, Bristol, UK
Department of Ophthalmology, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands. C. Tappeiner, MD, FEBO, Department of Ophthalmology, St. Franziskus Hospital, and Department of Ophthalmology, Inselspital, University of Bern
M. Mesquida, MD, PhD, Institut Clinic d'Oftalmologia, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, University of Barcelona
A. Adán, MD, PhD, Institut Clinic d'Oftalmologia, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, University of Barcelona
J. Anton, MD, PhD, Pediatric Rheumatology Unit, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, University of Barcelona
A.V. Ramanan, MD, Department of Paediatric Rheumatology, Bristol Royal Hospital for Children
E. Carreno, MD, PhD, Clinical Research Unit, Bristol Eye Hospital
F. Mackensen, MD, Department of Ophthalmology and Interdisciplinary Uveitis Center, University of Heidelberg
K. Kotaniemi, MD, PhD, Department of Ophthalmology, Helsinki University Hospital
J.H. de Boer, MD, PhD, Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center Utrecht
R. Bou, MD, Pediatric Rheumatology Unit, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, University of Barcelona
C.G. de Vicuña, MD, Ophthalmology Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, University of Barcelona
A. Heiligenhaus, MD, Department of Ophthalmology, St. Franziskus Hospital, and University of Duisburg-Essen. Address correspondence to Dr. C. Tappeiner, Department of Ophthalmology, Inselspital, Freiburgstr. 4, 3010 Bern, Switzerland. E-mail:
de Boer JH:
From the Department of Ophthalmology, St. Franziskus Hospital, Münster
Department of Ophthalmology and Interdisciplinary Uveitis Center, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg
University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
Department of Ophthalmology, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
Institut Clinic d'Oftalmologia, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, University of Barcelona
Pediatric Rheumatology Unit, and Ophthalmology Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, University of Barcelona, Esplugues, Barcelona, Spain
Department of Paediatric Rheumatology, Bristol Royal Hospital for Children
Clinical Research Unit, Bristol Eye Hospital, Bristol, UK
Department of Ophthalmology, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands. C. Tappeiner, MD, FEBO, Department of Ophthalmology, St. Franziskus Hospital, and Department of Ophthalmology, Inselspital, University of Bern
M. Mesquida, MD, PhD, Institut Clinic d'Oftalmologia, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, University of Barcelona
A. Adán, MD, PhD, Institut Clinic d'Oftalmologia, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, University of Barcelona
J. Anton, MD, PhD, Pediatric Rheumatology Unit, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, University of Barcelona
A.V. Ramanan, MD, Department of Paediatric Rheumatology, Bristol Royal Hospital for Children
E. Carreno, MD, PhD, Clinical Research Unit, Bristol Eye Hospital
F. Mackensen, MD, Department of Ophthalmology and Interdisciplinary Uveitis Center, University of Heidelberg
K. Kotaniemi, MD, PhD, Department of Ophthalmology, Helsinki University Hospital
J.H. de Boer, MD, PhD, Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center Utrecht
R. Bou, MD, Pediatric Rheumatology Unit, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, University of Barcelona
C.G. de Vicuña, MD, Ophthalmology Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, University of Barcelona
A. Heiligenhaus, MD, Department of Ophthalmology, St. Franziskus Hospital, and University of Duisburg-Essen. Address correspondence to Dr. C. Tappeiner, Department of Ophthalmology, Inselspital, Freiburgstr. 4, 3010 Bern, Switzerland. E-mail:
Bou-Torrent R:
From the Department of Ophthalmology, St. Franziskus Hospital, Münster
Department of Ophthalmology and Interdisciplinary Uveitis Center, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg
University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
Department of Ophthalmology, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
Institut Clinic d'Oftalmologia, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, University of Barcelona
Pediatric Rheumatology Unit, and Ophthalmology Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, University of Barcelona, Esplugues, Barcelona, Spain
Department of Paediatric Rheumatology, Bristol Royal Hospital for Children
Clinical Research Unit, Bristol Eye Hospital, Bristol, UK
Department of Ophthalmology, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands. C. Tappeiner, MD, FEBO, Department of Ophthalmology, St. Franziskus Hospital, and Department of Ophthalmology, Inselspital, University of Bern
M. Mesquida, MD, PhD, Institut Clinic d'Oftalmologia, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, University of Barcelona
A. Adán, MD, PhD, Institut Clinic d'Oftalmologia, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, University of Barcelona
J. Anton, MD, PhD, Pediatric Rheumatology Unit, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, University of Barcelona
A.V. Ramanan, MD, Department of Paediatric Rheumatology, Bristol Royal Hospital for Children
E. Carreno, MD, PhD, Clinical Research Unit, Bristol Eye Hospital
F. Mackensen, MD, Department of Ophthalmology and Interdisciplinary Uveitis Center, University of Heidelberg
K. Kotaniemi, MD, PhD, Department of Ophthalmology, Helsinki University Hospital
J.H. de Boer, MD, PhD, Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center Utrecht
R. Bou, MD, Pediatric Rheumatology Unit, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, University of Barcelona
C.G. de Vicuña, MD, Ophthalmology Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, University of Barcelona
A. Heiligenhaus, MD, Department of Ophthalmology, St. Franziskus Hospital, and University of Duisburg-Essen. Address correspondence to Dr. C. Tappeiner, Department of Ophthalmology, Inselspital, Freiburgstr. 4, 3010 Bern, Switzerland. E-mail:
García de Vicuña-Muñoz C:
From the Department of Ophthalmology, St. Franziskus Hospital, Münster
Department of Ophthalmology and Interdisciplinary Uveitis Center, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg
University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
Department of Ophthalmology, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
Institut Clinic d'Oftalmologia, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, University of Barcelona
Pediatric Rheumatology Unit, and Ophthalmology Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, University of Barcelona, Esplugues, Barcelona, Spain
Department of Paediatric Rheumatology, Bristol Royal Hospital for Children
Clinical Research Unit, Bristol Eye Hospital, Bristol, UK
Department of Ophthalmology, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands. C. Tappeiner, MD, FEBO, Department of Ophthalmology, St. Franziskus Hospital, and Department of Ophthalmology, Inselspital, University of Bern
M. Mesquida, MD, PhD, Institut Clinic d'Oftalmologia, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, University of Barcelona
A. Adán, MD, PhD, Institut Clinic d'Oftalmologia, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, University of Barcelona
J. Anton, MD, PhD, Pediatric Rheumatology Unit, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, University of Barcelona
A.V. Ramanan, MD, Department of Paediatric Rheumatology, Bristol Royal Hospital for Children
E. Carreno, MD, PhD, Clinical Research Unit, Bristol Eye Hospital
F. Mackensen, MD, Department of Ophthalmology and Interdisciplinary Uveitis Center, University of Heidelberg
K. Kotaniemi, MD, PhD, Department of Ophthalmology, Helsinki University Hospital
J.H. de Boer, MD, PhD, Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center Utrecht
R. Bou, MD, Pediatric Rheumatology Unit, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, University of Barcelona
C.G. de Vicuña, MD, Ophthalmology Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, University of Barcelona
A. Heiligenhaus, MD, Department of Ophthalmology, St. Franziskus Hospital, and University of Duisburg-Essen. Address correspondence to Dr. C. Tappeiner, Department of Ophthalmology, Inselspital, Freiburgstr. 4, 3010 Bern, Switzerland. E-mail:
Heiligenhaus A:
From the Department of Ophthalmology, St. Franziskus Hospital, Münster
Department of Ophthalmology and Interdisciplinary Uveitis Center, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg
University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
Department of Ophthalmology, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
Institut Clinic d'Oftalmologia, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, University of Barcelona
Pediatric Rheumatology Unit, and Ophthalmology Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, University of Barcelona, Esplugues, Barcelona, Spain
Department of Paediatric Rheumatology, Bristol Royal Hospital for Children
Clinical Research Unit, Bristol Eye Hospital, Bristol, UK
Department of Ophthalmology, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands. C. Tappeiner, MD, FEBO, Department of Ophthalmology, St. Franziskus Hospital, and Department of Ophthalmology, Inselspital, University of Bern
M. Mesquida, MD, PhD, Institut Clinic d'Oftalmologia, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, University of Barcelona
A. Adán, MD, PhD, Institut Clinic d'Oftalmologia, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, University of Barcelona
J. Anton, MD, PhD, Pediatric Rheumatology Unit, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, University of Barcelona
A.V. Ramanan, MD, Department of Paediatric Rheumatology, Bristol Royal Hospital for Children
E. Carreno, MD, PhD, Clinical Research Unit, Bristol Eye Hospital
F. Mackensen, MD, Department of Ophthalmology and Interdisciplinary Uveitis Center, University of Heidelberg
K. Kotaniemi, MD, PhD, Department of Ophthalmology, Helsinki University Hospital
J.H. de Boer, MD, PhD, Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center Utrecht
R. Bou, MD, Pediatric Rheumatology Unit, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, University of Barcelona
C.G. de Vicuña, MD, Ophthalmology Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, University of Barcelona
A. Heiligenhaus, MD, Department of Ophthalmology, St. Franziskus Hospital, and University of Duisburg-Essen. Address correspondence to Dr. C. Tappeiner, Department of Ophthalmology, Inselspital, Freiburgstr. 4, 3010 Bern, Switzerland. E-mail:
Univ Barcelona, Pediat Rheumatol Unit, Barcelona, Spain.
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