The Burden of Mental Disorders in the Eastern Mediterranean Region, 1990-2013.
Por:
Charara R, Forouzanfar M, Naghavi M, Moradi-Lakeh M, Afshin A, Vos T, Daoud F, Wang H, El Bcheraoui C, Khalil I, Hamadeh RR, Khosravi A, Rahimi-Movaghar V, Khader Y, Al-Hamad N, Makhlouf Obermeyer C, Rafay A, Asghar R, Rana SM, Shaheen A, Abu-Rmeileh NM, Husseini A, Abu-Raddad LJ, Khoja T, Al Rayess ZA, AlBuhairan FS, Hsairi M, Alomari MA, Ali R, Roshandel G, Terkawi AS, Hamidi S, Refaat AH, Westerman R, Kiadaliri AA, Akanda AS, Ali SD, Bacha U, Badawi A, Bazargan-Hejazi S, Faghmous IA, Fereshtehnejad SM, Fischer F, Jonas JB, Kuate Defo B, Mehari A, Omer SB, Pourmalek F, Uthman OA, Mokdad AA, Maalouf FT, Abd-Allah F, Akseer N, Arya D, Borschmann R, Brazinova A, Brugha TS, Catalá-López F, Degenhardt L, Ferrari A, Haro JM, Horino M, Hornberger JC, Huang H, Kieling C, Kim D, Kim Y, Knudsen AK, Mitchell PB, Patton G, Sagar R, Satpathy M, Savuon K, Seedat S, Shiue I, Skogen JC, Stein DJ, Tabb KM, Whiteford HA, Yip P, Yonemoto N, Murray CJ and Mokdad AH
Publicada:
17 ene 2017
Ahead of Print:
17 ene 2017
Resumen:
The Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR) is witnessing an increase in chronic disorders, including mental illness. With ongoing unrest, this is expected to rise. This is the first study to quantify the burden of mental disorders in the EMR. We used data from the Global Burden of Disease study (GBD) 2013. DALYs (disability-adjusted life years) allow assessment of both premature mortality (years of life lost-YLLs) and nonfatal outcomes (years lived with disability-YLDs). DALYs are computed by adding YLLs and YLDs for each age-sex-country group. In 2013, mental disorders contributed to 5.6% of the total disease burden in the EMR (1894 DALYS/100,000 population): 2519 DALYS/100,000 (2590/100,000 males, 2426/100,000 females) in high-income countries, 1884 DALYS/100,000 (1618/100,000 males, 2157/100,000 females) in middle-income countries, 1607 DALYS/100,000 (1500/100,000 males, 1717/100,000 females) in low-income countries. Females had a greater proportion of burden due to mental disorders than did males of equivalent ages, except for those under 15 years of age. The highest proportion of DALYs occurred in the 25-49 age group, with a peak in the 35-39 years age group (5344 DALYs/100,000). The burden of mental disorders in EMR increased from 1726 DALYs/100,000 in 1990 to 1912 DALYs/100,000 in 2013 (10.8% increase). Within the mental disorders group in EMR, depressive disorders accounted for most DALYs, followed by anxiety disorders. Among EMR countries, Palestine had the largest burden of mental disorders. Nearly all EMR countries had a higher mental disorder burden compared to the global level. Our findings call for EMR ministries of health to increase provision of mental health services and to address the stigma of mental illness. Moreover, our results showing the accelerating burden of mental health are alarming as the region is seeing an increased level of instability. Indeed, mental health problems, if not properly addressed, will lead to an increased burden of diseases in the region.
Filiaciones:
Charara R:
Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
Forouzanfar M:
Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
Naghavi M:
Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
Moradi-Lakeh M:
Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
Preventive Medicine and Public Health Research Center, Department of Community Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Afshin A:
Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
Vos T:
Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
Daoud F:
Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
Wang H:
Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
El Bcheraoui C:
Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
Khalil I:
Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
Hamadeh RR:
Arabian Gulf University, Manama, Bahrain
Khosravi A:
Iranian Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran
Rahimi-Movaghar V:
Sina Trauma and Surgery Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Khader Y:
Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
Al-Hamad N:
Public Authority for Food and Nutrition, Kuwait, Kuwait
Makhlouf Obermeyer C:
Center for Research on Population and Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
Rafay A:
Contech International Health Consultants, Lahore, Pakistan
Asghar R:
South Asian Public Health Forum, Islamabad, Pakistan
Rana SM:
Contech International Health Consultants, Lahore, Pakistan
Shaheen A:
Department of Public Health, An-Najah University, Nablus, Palestine
Abu-Rmeileh NM:
Institute of Community and Public Health, Birzeit University, Ramallah, Palestine
Husseini A:
Institute of Community and Public Health, Birzeit University, Ramallah, Palestine
Abu-Raddad LJ:
Harvard University, Boston, MA, United States of America
Infectious Disease Epidemiology Group, Weill Cornell Medical College in Qatar, Doha, Qatar
Khoja T:
Health Ministers' Council for Cooperation Council States, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
Al Rayess ZA:
The Saudi Center for Evidence Based Healthcare, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
AlBuhairan FS:
King Abdullah Specialized Children's Hospital, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
Hsairi M:
Ministry of Health-Tunisia (Faculty of Medicine Tunis), Tunis, Tunisia
Alomari MA:
Division of Physical Therapy, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
Ali R:
University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
Roshandel G:
Golestan Research Center of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
Terkawi AS:
Department of Anesthesiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States of America
Department of Anesthesiology, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
OUTCOMES RESEARCH Consortium, Cleveland, OH, United States of America
Hamidi S:
Hamdan Bin Mohammed Smart University, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
Refaat AH:
Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
Walden University, Minneapolis, MN, United States of America
Westerman R:
Federal Institute for Population Research, Wiesbaden, Germany
Kiadaliri AA:
Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Orthopedics, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
Akanda AS:
University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, United States of America
Ali SD:
SIR Consultants, Sindh, Pakistan
Bacha U:
School of Health Sciences, University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan
Badawi A:
Public Health Agency of Canada, Toronto, ON, Canada
Bazargan-Hejazi S:
Department of Psychiatry, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
Faghmous IA:
Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
Fereshtehnejad SM:
Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
Fischer F:
Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
Jonas JB:
Department of Ophthalmology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
Kuate Defo B:
Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health of the University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
Mehari A:
Howard University College of Medicine, Howard University, Washington DC, United States of America
Omer SB:
Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
Pourmalek F:
University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
Uthman OA:
Warwick-Centre for Applied Health Research and Delivery (WCAHRD), Division of Health Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
Mokdad AA:
Department of Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
Maalouf FT:
Department of Psychiatry, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
Abd-Allah F:
Department of Neurology, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
Akseer N:
The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Arya D:
Northern Territory Department of Health, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia
Borschmann R:
Centre for Adolescent Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
Brazinova A:
Trnava University, Trnava, Slovakia
Brugha TS:
University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
Catalá-López F:
Department of Medicine, University of Valencia/INCLIVA Health Research Institute and CIBERSAM, Valencia, Spain
Degenhardt L:
National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
Ferrari A:
Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland, Australia
Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research, Wacol, Queensland, Australia
Haro JM:
Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu-CIBERSAM, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Spain
Horino M:
Nevada Division of Behavior and Public Health, Carson City, NV, United States of America
Hornberger JC:
National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
Cedar Associates, Menlo Park, CA, United States of America
Huang H:
Cambridge Health Alliance, Cambridge, MA, United States of America
Kieling C:
Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
Kim D:
Department of Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
Kim Y:
Southern University College, Johor, Malaysia
Knudsen AK:
Centre for Disease Burden, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Bergen, Norway
Mitchell PB:
School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
Patton G:
Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
Sagar R:
Department of Psychiatry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
Satpathy M:
UGC Centre for Advanced Studies in Psychology, Utkal University, Vani Vihar, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, INDIA
Savuon K:
Department of Hospital Services, Ministry of Health, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
Mental Health Association of Cambodia, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
Seedat S:
Department of Psychiatry, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
Shiue I:
Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
Skogen JC:
Domain for Mental and Physical Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Bergen, Norway
Center for Alcohol & Drug Research, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
Stein DJ:
Department of Psychiatry, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
MRC Unit on Risk & Resilience in Mental Disorders, Cape Town, South Africa
Tabb KM:
School of Social Work, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, Illinois, United States of America
Whiteford HA:
University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
Yip P:
Centre for Suicide Research and Prevention, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong
Social Work and Social Administration Department, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong
Yonemoto N:
Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
Murray CJ:
Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
Mokdad AH:
Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
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