Burden of Diarrhea in the Eastern Mediterranean Region, 1990-2013: Findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013.


Por: Khalil I, Colombara DV, Forouzanfar MH, Troeger C, Daoud F, Moradi-Lakeh M, Bcheraoui CE, Rao PC, Afshin A, Charara R, Abate KH, Razek MM, Abd-Allah F, Abu-Elyazeed R, Kiadaliri AA, Akanda AS, Akseer N, Alam K, Alasfoor D, Ali R, AlMazroa MA, Alomari MA, Al-Raddadi RM, Alsharif U, Alsowaidi S, Altirkawi KA, Alvis-Guzman N, Ammar W, Antonio CA, Asayesh H, Asghar RJ, Atique S, Awasthi A, Bacha U, Badawi A, Barac A, Bedi N, Bekele T, Bensenor IM, Betsu BD, Bhutta Z, Abdulhak AA, Butt ZA, Danawi H, Dubey M, Endries AY, Faghmous ID, Farid T, Farvid MS, Farzadfar F, Fereshtehnejad SM, Fischer F, Fitchett JR, Gibney KB, Ginawi IA, Gishu MD, Gugnani HC, Gupta R, Hailu GB, Hamadeh RR, Hamidi S, Harb HL, Hedayati MT, Hsairi M, Husseini A, Jahanmehr N, Javanbakht M, Jibat T, Jonas JB, Kasaeian A, Khader YS, Khan AR, Khan EA, Khan G, Khoja TA, Kinfu Y, Kissoon N, Koyanagi A, Lal A, Latif AA, Lunevicius R, Razek HM, Majeed A, Malekzadeh R, Mehari A, Mekonnen AB, Melaku YA, Memish ZA, Mendoza W, Misganaw A, Mohamed LA, Nachega JB, Nguyen QL, Nisar MI, Peprah EK, Platts-Mills JA, Pourmalek F, Qorbani M, Rafay A, Rahimi-Movaghar V, Rahman SU, Rai RK, Rana SM, Ranabhat CL, Rao SR, Refaat AH, Riddle M, Roshandel G, Ruhago GM, Saleh MM, Sanabria JR, Sawhney M, Sepanlou SG, Setegn T, Sliwa K, Sreeramareddy CT, Sykes BL, Tavakkoli M, Tedla BA, Terkawi AS, Ukwaja K, Uthman OA, Westerman R, Wubshet M, Yenesew MA, Yonemoto N, Younis MZ, Zaidi Z, Zaki ME, Rabeeah AA, Wang H, Naghavi M, Vos T, Lopez AD, Murray CJ and Mokdad AH

Publicada: 7 dic 2016
Resumen:
Diarrheal diseases (DD) are leading causes of disease burden, death, and disability, especially in children in low-income settings. DD can also impact a child's potential livelihood through stunted physical growth, cognitive impairment, and other sequelae. As part of the Global Burden of Disease Study, we estimated DD burden, and the burden attributable to specific risk factors and particular etiologies, in the Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR) between 1990 and 2013. For both sexes and all ages, we calculated disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), which are the sum of years of life lost and years lived with disability. We estimate that over 125,000 deaths (3.6% of total deaths) were due to DD in the EMR in 2013, with a greater burden of DD in low- and middle-income countries. Diarrhea deaths per 100,000 children under 5 years of age ranged from one (95% uncertainty interval [UI] = 0-1) in Bahrain and Oman to 471 (95% UI = 245-763) in Somalia. The pattern for diarrhea DALYs among those under 5 years of age closely followed that for diarrheal deaths. DALYs per 100,000 ranged from 739 (95% UI = 520-989) in Syria to 40,869 (95% UI = 21,540-65,823) in Somalia. Our results highlighted a highly inequitable burden of DD in EMR, mainly driven by the lack of access to proper resources such as water and sanitation. Our findings will guide preventive and treatment interventions which are based on evidence and which follow the ultimate goal of reducing the DD burden.

Filiaciones:
Khalil I:
 Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington

Colombara DV:
 Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington

Forouzanfar MH:
 Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington

Troeger C:
 Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington

Daoud F:
 Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington

Moradi-Lakeh M:
 Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington

 Department of Community Medicine, Gastrointestinal and Liver Disease Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

Bcheraoui CE:
 Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington

Rao PC:
 Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington

Afshin A:
 Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington

Charara R:
 Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington

Abate KH:
 Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia

Razek MM:
 Aswan Faculty of Medicine, Aswan, Egypt

Abd-Allah F:
 Department of Neurology, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt

Abu-Elyazeed R:
 GlaxoSmithKline, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

Kiadaliri AA:
 Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Orthopedics, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden

 Health Services Management Research Center, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran

Akanda AS:
 University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island

Akseer N:
 The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada

 University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada

Alam K:
 Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia

 University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia

 University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia

Alasfoor D:
 Ministry of Health, Al Khuwair, Oman

Ali R:
 University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom

AlMazroa MA:
 Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

Alomari MA:
 Division of Physical Therapy, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan

Al-Raddadi RM:
 Ministry of Health, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

Alsharif U:
 Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany

Alsowaidi S:
 Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates

Altirkawi KA:
 King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

Alvis-Guzman N:
 Universidad de Cartagena, Cartagena de Indias, Colombia

Ammar W:
 Ministry of Public Health, Beirut, Lebanon

Antonio CA:
 Department of Health Policy and Administration, College of Public Health, University of the Philippines, Manila, Philippines

Asayesh H:
 Department of Medical Emergency, School of Paramedic, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran

Asghar RJ:
 South Asian Public Health Forum, Islamabad, Pakistan

Atique S:
 Graduate Institute of Biomedical Informatics, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan

Awasthi A:
 Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India

Bacha U:
 School of Health Sciences, University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan

Badawi A:
 Public Health Agency of Canada, Toronto, Canada

Barac A:
 Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia

Bedi N:
 College of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Jazan, Saudi Arabia

Bekele T:
 Madawalabu University, Bale Goba, Ethiopia

Bensenor IM:
 University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil

Betsu BD:
 Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia

Bhutta Z:
 The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada

 Medical Center, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan

Abdulhak AA:
 University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa

Butt ZA:
 Al Shifa Trust Eye Hospital, Rawalpindi, Pakistan

Danawi H:
 Walden University, Minneapolis, Minnesota

Dubey M:
 International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, India

Endries AY:
 Arba Minch University, Arba Minch, Ethiopia

Faghmous ID:
 London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom

Farid T:
 University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky

Farvid MS:
 University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky

 Institute for Health Policy, Boston, Massachusetts

Farzadfar F:
 Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

Fereshtehnejad SM:
 Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden

Fischer F:
 Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany

Fitchett JR:
 Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts

Gibney KB:
 Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia

 Melbourne Health, Parkville, Australia

Ginawi IA:
 College of Medicine, University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia

Gishu MD:
 Haramaya University, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia

 Kersa Health and Demographic Surveillance System, Harar, Ethiopia

Gugnani HC:
 Department of Microbiology, Saint James School of Medicine, Anguilla, British West Indies

 Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Saint James School of Medicine, Anguilla, British West Indies

Gupta R:
 West Virginia Bureau for Public Health, Charleston, West Virginia

Hailu GB:
 Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia

 Kilte Awlaelo Health and Demographic Surveillance System, Ethiopia

Hamadeh RR:
 Arabian Gulf University, Manama, Bahrain

Hamidi S:
 Hamdan Bin Mohammed Smart University, Dubai, United Arab Emirates

Harb HL:
 Ministry of Public Health, Beirut, Lebanon

Hedayati MT:
 Department of Medical Mycology and Parasitology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran

Hsairi M:
 Department of Epidemiology, Salah Azaiz Institute, Tunis, Tunisia

Husseini A:
 Qatar University, Doha, Qatar

Jahanmehr N:
 Department of Public Health, School of Public Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

Javanbakht M:
 University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom

Jibat T:
 Addis Ababa University, Debre Zeit, Ethiopia

 Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands

Jonas JB:
 Department of Ophthalmology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Ruprecht-Karls-University Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany

Kasaeian A:
 Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

 Hematology-Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

Khader YS:
 Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan

Khan AR:
 University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky

Khan EA:
 Health Services Academy, Islamabad, Pakistan

Khan G:
 Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates

Khoja TA:
 Executive Board of the Health Ministers' Council for Cooperation Council States, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

Kinfu Y:
 Centre for Research and Action in Public Health, Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Canberra, Australia

Kissoon N:
 University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada

Koyanagi A:
 Research and Development Unit, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Deu (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Spain

Lal A:
 Australian National University, Canberra, Australia

Latif AA:
 Department of Zoology, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Pakistan

Lunevicius R:
 Aintree University Hospital, National Health Service Foundation Trust, Liverpool, United Kingdom

 School of Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom

Razek HM:
 Mansoura Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura, Egypt

Majeed A:
 Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom

Malekzadeh R:
 Digestive Disease Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

Mehari A:
 Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, District of Columbia

Mekonnen AB:
 University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia

 University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia

Melaku YA:
 School of Public Health, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia

 School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia

Memish ZA:
 Saudi Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

 College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

Mendoza W:
 United Nations Population Fund, Lima, Peru

Misganaw A:
 Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington

Mohamed LA:
 Federal Ministry of Health, Khartoum, Sudan

Nachega JB:
 University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania

 Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa

Nguyen QL:
 Institute for Global Health Innovations, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Vietnam

Nisar MI:
 Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan

Peprah EK:
 National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, Maryland

Platts-Mills JA:
 University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia

Pourmalek F:
 University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada

Qorbani M:
 Department of Community Medicine, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran

Rafay A:
 Contech International Health Consultants, Lahore, Pakistan

 Contech School of Public Health, Lahore, Pakistan

Rahimi-Movaghar V:
 Sina Trauma and Surgery Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

Rahman SU:
 Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar

Rai RK:
 Society for Health and Demographic Surveillance, Suri, India

Rana SM:
 Contech International Health Consultants, Lahore, Pakistan

 Contech School of Public Health, Lahore, Pakistan

Ranabhat CL:
 Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, South Korea

 Institute for Poverty Alleviation and International Development, Yonsei University, Wonju, South Korea

Rao SR:
 Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts

Refaat AH:
 Walden University, Minneapolis, Minnesota

 Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt

Riddle M:
 Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, Maryland

Roshandel G:
 Digestive Disease Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

 Golestan Research Center of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran

Ruhago GM:
 Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania

Saleh MM:
 Development Research and Projects Center, Abuja, Nigeria

Sanabria JR:
 Department of Surgery and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, West Virginia

 Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio

Sawhney M:
 Marshall University, Huntington, West Virginia

Sepanlou SG:
 Digestive Disease Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

Setegn T:
 Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia

Sliwa K:
 Faculty of Health Sciences, Hatter Institute for Cardiovascular Research in Africa, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa

Sreeramareddy CT:
 Department of Community Medicine, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

Sykes BL:
 Departments of Criminology, Law and Society, Sociology, and Public Health, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, California

Tavakkoli M:
 Westchester Medical Center, Valhalla, New York

Tedla BA:
 University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia

 James Cook University, Cairns, Australia

Terkawi AS:
 Department of Anesthesiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia

 Outcomes Research Consortium, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio

 Department of Anesthesiology, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

Ukwaja K:
 Department of Internal Medicine, Federal Teaching Hospital, Abakaliki, Nigeria

Uthman OA:
 Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom

Westerman R:
 Federal Institute for Population Research, Wiesbaden, Germany

 German National Cohort Consortium, Heidelberg, Germany

Wubshet M:
 University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia

 Addis Continental Institute of Public Health, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

Yenesew MA:
 Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia

Yonemoto N:
 Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan

Younis MZ:
 Jackson State University, Jackson, Mississippi

Zaidi Z:
 University Hospital, Setif, Algeria

Zaki ME:
 Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt

Rabeeah AA:
 Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

Wang H:
 Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington

Naghavi M:
 Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington

Vos T:
 Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington

Lopez AD:
 Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington

 Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia

Murray CJ:
 Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington

Mokdad AH:
 Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington.
ISSN: 00029637





AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE
Editorial
AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE, 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101, Estados Unidos America
Tipo de documento: Article
Volumen: 95 Número: 6
Páginas: 1319-1329
WOS Id: 000400206900017
ID de PubMed: 27928080
imagen Green Published, hybrid, Green Accepted

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