Child and Adolescent Health From 1990 to 2015: Findings From the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors 2015 Study.
Por:
Global Burden of Disease Child and Adolescent Health Collaboration, Kassebaum N, Kyu HH, Zoeckler L, Olsen HE, Thomas K, Pinho C, Bhutta ZA, Dandona L, Ferrari A, Ghiwot TT, Hay SI, Kinfu Y, Liang X, Lopez A, Malta DC, Mokdad AH, Naghavi M, Patton GC, Salomon J, Sartorius B, Topor-Madry R, Vollset SE, Werdecker A, Whiteford HA, Abate KH, Abbas K, Damtew SA, Ahmed MB, Akseer N, Al-Raddadi R, Alemayohu MA, Altirkawi K, Abajobir AA, Amare AT, Antonio CAT, Arnlov J, Artaman A, Asayesh H, Avokpaho EFGA, Awasthi A, Ayala Quintanilla BP, Bacha U, Betsu BD, Barac A, Bärnighausen TW, Baye E, Bedi N, Bensenor IM, Berhane A, Bernabe E, Bernal OA, Beyene AS, Biadgilign S, Bikbov B, Boyce CA, Brazinova A, Hailu GB, Carter A, Castañeda-Orjuela CA, Catalá-López F, Charlson FJ, Chitheer AA, Choi JJ, Ciobanu LG, Crump J, Dandona R, Dellavalle RP, Deribew A, deVeber G, Dicker D, Ding EL, Dubey M, Endries AY, Erskine HE, Faraon EJA, Faro A, Farzadfar F, Fernandes JC, Fijabi DO, Fitzmaurice C, Fleming TD, Flor LS, Foreman KJ, Franklin RC, Fraser MS, Frostad JJ, Fullman N, Gebregergs GB, Gebru AA, Geleijnse JM, Gibney KB, Gidey Yihdego M, Ginawi IAM, Gishu MD, Gizachew TA, Glaser E, Gold AL, Goldberg E, Gona P, Goto A, Gugnani HC, Jiang G, Gupta R, Tesfay FH, Hankey GJ, Havmoeller R, Hijar M, Horino M, Hosgood HD, Hu G, Jacobsen KH, Jakovljevic MB, Jayaraman SP, Jha V, Jibat T, Johnson CO, Jonas J, Kasaeian A, Kawakami N, Keiyoro PN, Khalil I, Khang YH, Khubchandani J, Ahmad Kiadaliri AA, Kieling C, Kim D, Kissoon N, Knibbs LD, Koyanagi A, Krohn KJ, Kuate Defo B, Kucuk Bicer B, Kulikoff R, Kumar GA, Lal DK, Lam HY, Larson HJ, Larsson A, Laryea DO, Leung J, Lim SS, Lo LT, Lo WD, Looker KJ, Lotufo PA, Magdy Abd El Razek H, Malekzadeh R, Markos Shifti D, Mazidi M, Meaney PA, Meles KG, Memiah P, Mendoza W, Abera Mengistie M, Mengistu GW, Mensah GA, Miller TR, Mock C, Mohammadi A, Mohammed S, Monasta L, Mueller U, Nagata C, Naheed A, Nguyen G, Nguyen QL, Nsoesie E, Oh IH, Okoro A, Olusanya JO, Olusanya BO, Ortiz A, Paudel D, Pereira DM, Perico N, Petzold M, Phillips MR, Polanczyk GV, Pourmalek F, Qorbani M, Rafay A, Rahimi-Movaghar V, Rahman M, Rai RK, Ram U, Rankin Z, Remuzzi G, Renzaho AMN, Roba HS, Rojas-Rueda D, Ronfani L, Sagar R, Sanabria JR, Kedir Mohammed MS, Santos IS, Satpathy M, Sawhney M, Schöttker B, Schwebel DC, Scott JG, Sepanlou SG, Shaheen A, Shaikh MA, She J, Shiri R, Shiue I, Sigfusdottir ID, Singh J, Silpakit N, Smith A, Sreeramareddy C, Stanaway JD, Stein DJ, Steiner C, Sufiyan MB, Swaminathan S, Tabarés-Seisdedos R, Tabb KM, Tadese F, Tavakkoli M, Taye B, Teeple S, Tegegne TK, Temam Shifa G, Terkawi AS, Thomas B, Thomson AJ, Tobe-Gai R, Tonelli M, Tran BX, Troeger C, Ukwaja KN, Uthman O, Vasankari T, Venketasubramanian N, Vlassov VV, Weiderpass E, Weintraub R, Gebrehiwot SW, Westerman R, Williams HC, Wolfe CDA, Woodbrook R, Yano Y, Yonemoto N, Yoon SJ, Younis MZ, Yu C, Zaki MES, Zegeye EA, Zuhlke LJ, Murray CJL and Vos T
Publicada:
1 jun 2017
Categoría:
Pediatrics, perinatology and child health
Resumen:
IMPORTANCE: Comprehensive and timely monitoring of disease burden in all age groups, including children and adolescents, is essential for improving population health. OBJECTIVE: To quantify and describe levels and trends of mortality and nonfatal health outcomes among children and adolescents from 1990 to 2015 to provide a framework for policy discussion. EVIDENCE REVIEW: Cause-specific mortality and nonfatal health outcomes were analyzed for 195 countries and territories by age group, sex, and year from 1990 to 2015 using standardized approaches for data processing and statistical modeling, with subsequent analysis of the findings to describe levels and trends across geography and time among children and adolescents 19 years or younger. A composite indicator of income, education, and fertility was developed (Socio-demographic Index [SDI]) for each geographic unit and year, which evaluates the historical association between SDI and health loss. FINDINGS: Global child and adolescent mortality decreased from 14.18 million (95% uncertainty interval [UI], 14.09 million to 14.28 million) deaths in 1990 to 7.26 million (95% UI, 7.14 million to 7.39 million) deaths in 2015, but progress has been unevenly distributed. Countries with a lower SDI had a larger proportion of mortality burden (75%) in 2015 than was the case in 1990 (61%). Most deaths in 2015 occurred in South Asia and sub-Saharan Africa. Global trends were driven by reductions in mortality owing to infectious, nutritional, and neonatal disorders, which in the aggregate led to a relative increase in the importance of noncommunicable diseases and injuries in explaining global disease burden. The absolute burden of disability in children and adolescents increased 4.3% (95% UI, 3.1%-5.6%) from 1990 to 2015, with much of the increase owing to population growth and improved survival for children and adolescents to older ages. Other than infectious conditions, many top causes of disability are associated with long-term sequelae of conditions present at birth (eg, neonatal disorders, congenital birth defects, and hemoglobinopathies) and complications of a variety of infections and nutritional deficiencies. Anemia, developmental intellectual disability, hearing loss, epilepsy, and vision loss are important contributors to childhood disability that can arise from multiple causes. Maternal and reproductive health remains a key cause of disease burden in adolescent females, especially in lower-SDI countries. In low-SDI countries, mortality is the primary driver of health loss for children and adolescents, whereas disability predominates in higher-SDI locations; the specific pattern of epidemiological transition varies across diseases and injuries. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: Consistent international attention and investment have led to sustained improvements in causes of health loss among children and adolescents in many countries, although progress has been uneven. The persistence of infectious diseases in some countries, coupled with ongoing epidemiologic transition to injuries and noncommunicable diseases, require all countries to carefully evaluate and implement appropriate strategies to maximize the health of their children and adolescents and for the international community to carefully consider which elements of child and adolescent health should be monitored.
Filiaciones:
Kassebaum N:
Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle
Kyu HH:
Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle
Zoeckler L:
Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle
Olsen HE:
Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle
Thomas K:
Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle
Pinho C:
Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle
Bhutta ZA:
Centre of Excellence in Women and Child Health, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
Dandona L:
Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle3Public Health Foundation of India, Gurgaon-122002, National Capital Region, India
Ferrari A:
School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
Ghiwot TT:
Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
Hay SI:
Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle6Oxford Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
Kinfu Y:
Centre for Research & Action in Public Health, University of Canberra, Canberra, Australia
Liang X:
Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
Lopez A:
Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
Malta DC:
Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
Mokdad AH:
Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle
Naghavi M:
Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle
Patton GC:
Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
Salomon J:
Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts
Sartorius B:
School of Nursing and Public Health, University of KwaZulu-Natal, South African Medical Research Council/University of KwaZulu-Natal Gastrointestinal Cancer Research Center, Durban, South Africa
Topor-Madry R:
Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
Vollset SE:
Center for Disease Burden, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Bergen, Norway
Werdecker A:
Federal Institute for Population Research, Wiesbaden, Germany
Whiteford HA:
School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
Abate KH:
Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
Abbas K:
Department of Population Health, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg
Damtew SA:
Wolaita Soda University, Wolaita Soda, Ethiopia
Ahmed MB:
Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
Akseer N:
The Hospital for Sick Children, Centre for Child Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Al-Raddadi R:
Ministry of Health, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
Alemayohu MA:
Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia
Altirkawi K:
King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
Abajobir AA:
School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
Amare AT:
University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
Antonio CAT:
Department of Health Policy and Administration, University of Philippines-Manila, Manila, Philippines
Arnlov J:
Department of Medical Services, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden26Dalarna University, Uppsala, Sweden
Artaman A:
University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
Asayesh H:
Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran
Avokpaho EFGA:
Institute de Recherche Clinique du Bénin, Cotonou, Benin
Awasthi A:
Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
Ayala Quintanilla BP:
The Judith Lumley Centre for Mother, Infant, and Family Health Research, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
Bacha U:
School of Health Sciences, University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan
Betsu BD:
Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia
Barac A:
Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
Bärnighausen TW:
Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts
Baye E:
Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
Bedi N:
College of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
Bensenor IM:
University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
Berhane A:
College of Health Sciences, Debre Berhan University, Debre Berhan, Ethiopia
Bernabe E:
King's College London, London, United Kingdom
Bernal OA:
University Andes, Bogota, Columbia
Beyene AS:
Haramaya University, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia
Biadgilign S:
Independent Public Health Consultants, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Bikbov B:
Department of Nephrology Issues of Transplanted Kidney, V. I. Shumakov Federal Research Center of Transplantology and Artificial Organs, Moscow, Russia
Boyce CA:
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
Brazinova A:
Faculty of Health Sciences and Social Work, Department of Public Health, Trnava University, Trnava, Slovakia
Hailu GB:
Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia
Carter A:
Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle
Castañeda-Orjuela CA:
Instituto Nacional de Salud, Bogotá, Colombia
Catalá-López F:
University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain47Health Research Institute and CIBERSAM, Valencia, Spain
Charlson FJ:
School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
Chitheer AA:
Ministry of Health, Baghdad, Iraq
Choi JJ:
Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
Ciobanu LG:
University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
Crump J:
Departmentà Centre for International Health, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
Dandona R:
Public Health Foundation of India, New Delhi, India
Dellavalle RP:
School of Medicine, School of Public Health, University of Colorado, Aurora
Deribew A:
Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
deVeber G:
The Hospital for Sick Children, Centre for Child Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Dicker D:
Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle
Ding EL:
Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts
Dubey M:
International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, India
Endries AY:
Arba Minch University, Arba Minch, Ethiopia
Erskine HE:
Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
Faraon EJA:
Department of Health Policy and Administration, University of Philippines-Manila, Manila, Philippines
Faro A:
Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju, Brazil
Farzadfar F:
Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Fernandes JC:
Center for Biotechnology and Fine Chemistry, Catholic University of Portugal, Porto, Portugal
Fijabi DO:
Heller School for Social Policy and Management, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts
Fitzmaurice C:
Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle
Fleming TD:
Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle
Flor LS:
Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública Sergio Arouca/Fiocruz, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil
Foreman KJ:
Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle
Franklin RC:
James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
Fraser MS:
Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle
Frostad JJ:
Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle
Fullman N:
Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle
Gebregergs GB:
Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia
Gebru AA:
Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia
Geleijnse JM:
Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands
Gibney KB:
The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
Gidey Yihdego M:
Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia66Department of Public Health, Mizan-Tepi University, Ethiopia
Ginawi IAM:
College of Medicine, University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia
Gishu MD:
Independent Public Health Consultants, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Gizachew TA:
University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
Glaser E:
Heller School for Social Policy and Management, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts
Gold AL:
Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle
Goldberg E:
Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle
Gona P:
University of Massachusetts-Boston
Goto A:
National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan
Gugnani HC:
Department of Microbiology, Departments of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, St James School of Medicine, the Quarter, Anguilla
Jiang G:
School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
Gupta R:
Eternal Heart Care Centre and Research Institute, Jaipur, India
Tesfay FH:
Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia
Hankey GJ:
School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
Havmoeller R:
Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
Hijar M:
Fundacion Entornos, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
Horino M:
Nevada Division of Public and Behavioral Health, Carson City, Nevada
Hosgood HD:
Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
Hu G:
Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
Jacobsen KH:
Department of Global and Community Health, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia
Jakovljevic MB:
University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
Jayaraman SP:
Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond
Jha V:
George Institute for Global Health, New Delhi, India 83University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
Jibat T:
Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands65Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Johnson CO:
Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle
Jonas J:
Department of Ophthalmology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Ruprecht-Karlas University, Heidelberg, Germany
Kasaeian A:
Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Kawakami N:
School of Public Health, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
Keiyoro PN:
University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
Khalil I:
Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle
Khang YH:
Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
Khubchandani J:
Ball State University, Muncie, Indiana
Ahmad Kiadaliri AA:
Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
Kieling C:
Federal University of Rio Grande de Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil90Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
Kim D:
Department of Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts
Kissoon N:
University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
Knibbs LD:
School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
Koyanagi A:
Research and Development Unit, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
Krohn KJ:
Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle
Kuate Defo B:
University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
Kucuk Bicer B:
Institute of Public Health, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
Kulikoff R:
Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle
Kumar GA:
Public Health Foundation of India, New Delhi, India
Lal DK:
Public Health Foundation of India, New Delhi, India
Lam HY:
Institute of Health Policy and Development Studies, National Institutes of Health, Manila, Philippines
Larson HJ:
School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia97Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
Larsson A:
Department of Medical Services, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
Laryea DO:
Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Kumasi, Ghana
Leung J:
School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
Lim SS:
Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle
Lo LT:
UnionHealth Associates LLC, St Louis, Missouri100Alton Mental Health Center, Alton, Illinois
Lo WD:
Department of Pediatrics, Department of Neurology, The Ohio State University, Columbus
Looker KJ:
University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
Lotufo PA:
College of Health Sciences, Debre Berhan University, Debre Berhan, Ethiopia
Magdy Abd El Razek H:
Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
Malekzadeh R:
Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Markos Shifti D:
Madda Walabu University, Robe, Ethiopia
Mazidi M:
Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Key State Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
Meaney PA:
Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
Meles KG:
Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia
Memiah P:
University of West Florida, Pensacola
Mendoza W:
United Nations Population Fund, Lima, Peru
Abera Mengistie M:
Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
Mengistu GW:
Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia
Mensah GA:
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
Miller TR:
Pacific Institute for Research and Evaluation, Calverton, Maryland
Mock C:
School of Medicine, School of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle
Mohammadi A:
Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Mohammed S:
Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Kaduna, Nigeria
Monasta L:
Institute for Maternal and Child Health IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, Trieste, Italy
Mueller U:
Federal Institute for Population Research, Wiesbaden, Germany
Nagata C:
National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
Naheed A:
International Centre for Diarrheal Disease Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh
Nguyen G:
Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle
Nguyen QL:
Institute for Global Health, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Vietnam
Nsoesie E:
Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle
Oh IH:
Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
Okoro A:
Society for Family Health, Abuja, Nigeria
Olusanya JO:
Center for Healthy Start Initiative, Lagos, Nigeria
Olusanya BO:
IIS-Fundacion Jimenez Diaz-UAM, Madrid, Spain
Ortiz A:
IIS-Fundacion Jimenez Diaz-UAM, Madrid, Spain
Paudel D:
UK Department for International Development, Lalitpur, Nepal
Pereira DM:
Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
Perico N:
Istituto di Richerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Bergamo, Italy
Petzold M:
Health Metrics Unit, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
Phillips MR:
School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
Polanczyk GV:
University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
Pourmalek F:
University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
Qorbani M:
School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
Rafay A:
Contect International Health Consultants, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan
Rahimi-Movaghar V:
Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Rahman M:
Research and Evaluation Division, Building Resources Access Communities, Dhaka, Bangladesh
Rai RK:
Society for Health and Demographic Surveillance, Suri, India
Ram U:
International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, India
Rankin Z:
Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle
Remuzzi G:
International Society of Nephrology, Brussels, Belgium
Renzaho AMN:
Western Sydney University, Penrith, Australia
Roba HS:
Haramaya University, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia
Rojas-Rueda D:
ISGlobal Instituto de Salud Global de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
Ronfani L:
Institute for Maternal and Child Health IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, Trieste, Italy
Sagar R:
All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
Sanabria JR:
Marshall University, Huntington, West Virginia
Kedir Mohammed MS:
Department of Public Health, Mizan-Tepi University, Ethiopia
Santos IS:
University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
Satpathy M:
All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
Sawhney M:
Marshall University, Huntington, West Virginia
Schöttker B:
Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany136Institute of Health Care and Social Sciences, FOM University, Essen, Germany
Schwebel DC:
University of Alabama at Birmingham
Scott JG:
Centre for Clinical Research, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
Sepanlou SG:
Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Shaheen A:
Department of Public Health, An-Najah University, Nablus, Palestine
Shaikh MA:
Independent Consultant, Karachi, Pakistan
She J:
Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
Shiri R:
Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Work Organizations, Disability Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
Shiue I:
Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom
Sigfusdottir ID:
Reykjavik University, Reykjavik, Iceland
Singh J:
University of Alabama at Birmingham
Silpakit N:
Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle
Smith A:
Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle
Sreeramareddy C:
Department of Community Medicine, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Selangor, Malaysia
Stanaway JD:
Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle
Stein DJ:
Department of Psychiatry, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
Steiner C:
Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle
Sufiyan MB:
Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Swaminathan S:
Indian Council of Medical Research, Chennai, India
Tabarés-Seisdedos R:
University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
Tabb KM:
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign
Tadese F:
Debre Markos University, Debre Markos, Ethiopia
Tavakkoli M:
New York Medical Center, Valhalla
Taye B:
Department of Biology, Colgate University, Hamilton, New York
Teeple S:
Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle
Tegegne TK:
Debre Markos University, Debre Markos, Ethiopia
Temam Shifa G:
Arba Minch University, Arba Minch, Ethiopia
Terkawi AS:
University of Virginia, Charlottesville
Thomas B:
Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle
Thomson AJ:
Adaptive Knowledge Management, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
Tobe-Gai R:
National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
Tonelli M:
University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
Tran BX:
The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
Troeger C:
Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle
Ukwaja KN:
Federal Teaching Hospital, Abakaliki, Nigeria
Uthman O:
University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
Vasankari T:
Institute for Health Promotion Research, Tampere, Finland
Venketasubramanian N:
Raffles Neuroscience Centre, Raffles Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
Vlassov VV:
National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russia
Weiderpass E:
Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Insitutet, Stockholm, Sweden162Institute of Population-based Cancer Research, Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway
Weintraub R:
Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
Gebrehiwot SW:
Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia
Westerman R:
Federal Institute for Population Research, Wiesbaden, Germany
Williams HC:
University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
Wolfe CDA:
University Andes, Bogota, Columbia
Woodbrook R:
Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle
Yano Y:
Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
Yonemoto N:
Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
Yoon SJ:
Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
Younis MZ:
Jackson State University, Jackson, Missouri
Yu C:
Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
Zaki MES:
Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
Zegeye EA:
University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
Zuhlke LJ:
Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa
Murray CJL:
Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle
Vos T:
Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle
Green Published, Green Accepted, hybrid
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