The burden of disease in Spain: Results from the Global Burden of Disease 2016.
Por:
Soriano JB, Rojas-Rueda D, Alonso J, Antó JM, Cardona PJ, Fernández E, Garcia-Basteiro AL, Benavides FG, Glenn SD, Krish V, Lazarus JV, Martínez-Raga J, Masana MF, Nieuwenhuijsen MJ, Ortiz A, Sánchez-Niño MD, Serrano-Blanco A, Tortajada-Girbés M, Tyrovolas S, Haro JM, Naghavi M, Murray CJL, Colaboradores de GBD en España and Lista de colaboradores de GBD en Espana
Publicada:
14 sep 2018
Ahead of Print:
20 jul 2018
Categoría:
Medicine (miscellaneous)
Resumen:
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The global burden of disease (GBD) project measures the health of populations worldwide on an annual basis, and results are available by country. We used the estimates of the GBD to summarise the state of health in Spain in 2016 and report trends in mortality and morbidity from 1990 to 2016. MATERIAL AND METHODS: GBD 2016 estimated disease burden due to 333 diseases and injuries, and 84 risk factors. The GBD list of causes is hierarchical and includes 3 top level categories, namely: 1) communicable, maternal, neonatal, and nutritional diseases; 2) non-communicable diseases (NCDs), and 3) injuries. Mortality and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), risk factors, and progress towards the sustainable development goals (SDGs) are presented based on the GBD 2016 data in Spain. RESULTS: There were 418,516 deaths in Spain in 2016, from a total population of 46.5 million, and 80.5% of them occurred in those aged 70 years and older. Overall, NCDs were the main cause of death: 388,617 (95% uncertainty interval 374,959-402,486), corresponding to 92.8% of all deaths. They were followed by 3.6% due to injuries with 15,052 (13,902-17,107) deaths, and 3.5% communicable diseases with 14,847 (13,208-16,482) deaths. The 5 leading specific causes of death were ischaemic heart disease (IHD, 14.6% of all deaths), Alzheimer disease and other dementias (13.6%), stroke (7.1%), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (6.9%), and lung cancer (5.0%). Remarkable increases in mortality from 1990 to 2016 were observed in other cancers, lower respiratory infections, chronic kidney disease, and other cardiovascular disease, among others. On the contrary, road injuries moved down from 8th to 32nd position, and diabetes from 6th to 10th. Low back and neck pain became the number one cause of DALYs in Spain in 2016, just surpassing IHD, while Alzheimer disease moved from 9th to 3rd position. The greatest changes in DALYs were observed for road injuries dropping from 4th to 16th position, and congenital disorders from 17th to 35th; conversely, oral disorders rose from 25th to 17th. Overall, smoking is by far the most relevant risk factor in Spain, followed by high blood pressure, high body mass index, alcohol use, and high fasting plasma glucose. Finally, Spain scored 74.3 of 100 points in the SDG index classification in 2016, and the main national drivers of detrimental health in SDGs were alcohol consumption, smoking and child obesity. An increase to 80.3 points is projected in 2030. CONCLUSION: Low back and neck pain was the most important contributor of disability in Spain in 2016. There has seen a remarkable increase in the burden due to Alzheimer disease and other dementias. Tobacco remains the most important health issue to address in Spain.
Filiaciones:
Soriano JB:
Instituto de Investigación Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, España
SEPAR, Barcelona, España
Rojas-Rueda D:
Instituto de Salud Global de Barcelona, Barcelona, España
IMIM-Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques, Barcelona, España
Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, España
Biomedical Research Networking Center in Epidemiology Public (CIBERESP), Barcelona, España
Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, España
Alonso J:
IMIM-Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques, Barcelona, España
Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, España
Biomedical Research Networking Center in Epidemiology Public (CIBERESP), Barcelona, España
Antó JM:
Instituto de Salud Global de Barcelona, Barcelona, España
IMIM-Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques, Barcelona, España
Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, España
Biomedical Research Networking Center in Epidemiology Public (CIBERESP), Barcelona, España
Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, España
Cardona PJ:
Institut Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Barcelona, España
Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Madrid, España
Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, España
Fernández E:
Institut Català d'Oncologia (ICO)-Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, España
Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, España
Garcia-Basteiro AL:
Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça (CISM), Maputo, Mozambique
Amsterdam Institute for Global Health and Development (AIGHD), Amsterdam, Países Bajos
Instituto de Salud Global de Barcelona, Barcelona, España
Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, España
Benavides FG:
Center for Research in Occupational Health, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, España
Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, España
Biomedical Research Networking Center in Epidemiology Public (CIBERESP), Barcelona, España
Glenn SD:
Institute of Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, Estados Unidos
Krish V:
Institute of Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, Estados Unidos
Lazarus JV:
Instituto de Salud Global de Barcelona, Barcelona, España
Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, España
Martínez-Raga J:
Hospital Universitario Doctor Peset, Valencia, España
Universitat de Valencia, Valencia, España
University Cardenal Herrera CEU, Valencia, España
Masana MF:
Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Fundació Sant Joan de Déu, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Barcelona, España
Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM, Madrid, España
Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, España
Nieuwenhuijsen MJ:
Instituto de Salud Global de Barcelona, Barcelona, España
IMIM-Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques, Barcelona, España
Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, España
Biomedical Research Networking Center in Epidemiology Public (CIBERESP), Barcelona, España
Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, España
Ortiz A:
IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, España
Sánchez-Niño MD:
IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, España
Serrano-Blanco A:
Biomedical Research Networking Center in Epidemiology Public (CIBERESP), Barcelona, España
Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Fundació Sant Joan de Déu, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Barcelona, España
Tortajada-Girbés M:
Hospital Universitario Doctor Peset, Valencia, España
Departamento de Pediatría, Obstetricia y Ginecología, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Espana
Departamento de Pediatría, Obstetricia y Ginecología, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, España
Tyrovolas S:
Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Fundació Sant Joan de Déu, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Barcelona, España
Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM, Madrid, España
Institute of Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, Estados Unidos
Haro JM:
Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM, Madrid, España
Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Fundació Sant Joan de Déu, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Barcelona, España
Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, España
Naghavi M:
Institute of Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, Estados Unidos
Murray CJL:
Institute of Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, Estados Unidos
Open Access
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