Shared genetic risk between eating disorder- and substance-use-related phenotypes: Evidence from genome-wide association studies.


Por: Munn-Chernoff MA, Johnson EC, Chou YL, Coleman JRI, Thornton LM, Walters RK, Yilmaz Z, Baker JH, Hübel C, Gordon S, Medland SE, Watson HJ, Gaspar HA, Bryois J, Hinney A, Leppä VM, Mattheisen M, Ripke S, Yao S, Giusti-Rodríguez P, Hanscombe KB, Adan RAH, Alfredsson L, Ando T, Andreassen OA, Berrettini WH, Boehm I, Boni C, Boraska Perica V, Buehren K, Burghardt R, Cassina M, Cichon S, Clementi M, Cone RD, Courtet P, Crow S, Crowley JJ, Danner UN, Davis OSP, de Zwaan M, Dedoussis G, Degortes D, DeSocio JE, Dick DM, Dikeos D, Dina C, Dmitrzak-Weglarz M, Docampo E, Duncan LE, Egberts K, Ehrlich S, Escaramís G, Esko T, Estivill X, Farmer A, Favaro A, Fernández-Aranda F, Fichter MM, Fischer K, Föcker M, Foretova L, Forstner AJ, Forzan M, Franklin CS, Gallinger S, Giegling I, Giuranna J, Gonidakis F, Gorwood P, Gratacos Mayora M, Guillaume S, Guo Y, Hakonarson H, Hatzikotoulas K, Hauser J, Hebebrand J, Helder SG, Herms S, Herpertz-Dahlmann B, Herzog W, Huckins LM, Hudson JI, Imgart H, Inoko H, Janout V, Jiménez-Murcia S, Julià A, Kalsi G, Kaminská D, Karhunen L, Karwautz A, Kas MJH, Kennedy JL, Keski-Rahkonen A, Kiezebrink K, Kim YR, Klump KL, Knudsen GPS, La Via MC, Le Hellard S, Levitan RD, Li D, Lilenfeld L, Lin BD, Lissowska J, Luykx J, Magistretti PJ, Maj M, Mannik K, Marsal S, Marshall CR, Mattingsdal M, McDevitt S, McGuffin P, Metspalu A, Meulenbelt I, Micali N, Mitchell K, Monteleone AM, Monteleone P, Nacmias B, Navratilova M, Ntalla I, O'Toole JK, Ophoff RA, Padyukov L, Palotie A, Pantel J, Papezova H, Pinto D, Rabionet-Janssen R, Raevuori A, Ramoz N, Reichborn-Kjennerud T, Ricca V, Ripatti S, Ritschel F, Roberts M, Rotondo A, Rujescu D, Rybakowski F, Santonastaso P, Scherag A, Scherer SW, Schmidt U, Schork NJ, Schosser A, Seitz J, Slachtova L, Slagboom PE, Slof-Op't Landt MCT, Slopien A, Sorbi S, Swiatkowska B, Szatkiewicz JP, Tachmazidou I, Tenconi E, Tortorella A, Tozzi F, Treasure J, Tsitsika A, Tyszkiewicz-Nwafor M, Tziouvas K, van Elburg AA, van Furth EF, Wagner G, Walton E, Widen E, Zeggini E, Zerwas S, Zipfel S, Bergen AW, Boden JM, Brandt H, Crawford S, Halmi KA, Horwood LJ, Johnson C, Kaplan AS, Kaye WH, Mitchell J, Olsen CM, Pearson JF, Pedersen NL, Strober M, Werge T, Whiteman DC, Woodside DB, Grove J, Henders AK, Larsen JT, Parker R, Petersen LV, Jordan J, Kennedy MA, Birgegård A, Lichtenstein P, Norring C, Landén M, Mortensen PB, Polimanti R, McClintick JN, Adkins AE, Aliev F, Bacanu SA, Batzler A, Bertelsen S, Biernacka JM, Bigdeli TB, Chen LS, Clarke TK, Degenhardt F, Docherty AR, Edwards AC, Foo JC, Fox L, Frank J, Hack LM, Hartmann AM, Hartz SM, Heilmann-Heimbach S, Hodgkinson C, Hoffmann P, Hottenga JJ, Konte B, Lahti J, Lahti-Pulkkinen M, Lai D, Ligthart L, Loukola A, Maher BS, Mbarek H, McIntosh AM, McQueen MB, Meyers JL, Milaneschi Y, Palviainen T, Peterson RE, Ryu E, Saccone NL, Salvatore JE, Sanchez-Roige S, Schwandt M, Sherva R, Streit F, Strohmaier J, Thomas N, Wang JC, Webb BT, Wedow R, Wetherill L, Wills AG, Zhou H, Boardman JD, Chen D, Choi DS, Copeland WE, Culverhouse RC, Dahmen N, Degenhardt L, Domingue BW, Frye MA, Gäbel W, Hayward C, Ising M, Keyes M, Kiefer F, Koller G, Kramer J, Kuperman S, Lucae S, Lynskey MT, Maier W, Mann K, Männistö S, Müller-Myhsok B, Murray AD, Nurnberger JI, Preuss U, Räikkönen K, Reynolds MD, Ridinger M, Scherbaum N, Schuckit MA, Soyka M, Treutlein J, Witt SH, Wodarz N, Zill P, Adkins DE, Boomsma DI, Bierut LJ, Brown SA, Bucholz KK, Costello EJ, de Wit H, Diazgranados N, Eriksson JG, Farrer LA, Foroud TM, Gillespie NA, Goate AM, Goldman D, Grucza RA, Hancock DB, Harris KM, Hesselbrock V, Hewitt JK, Hopfer CJ, Iacono WG, Johnson EO, Karpyak VM, Kendler KS, Kranzler HR, Krauter K, Lind PA, McGue M, MacKillop J, Madden PAF, Maes HH, Magnusson PKE, Nelson EC, Nöthen MM, Palmer AA, Penninx BWJH, Porjesz B, Rice JP, Rietschel M, Riley BP, Rose RJ, Shen PH, Silberg J, Stallings MC, Tarter RE, Vanyukov MM, Vrieze S, Wall TL, Whitfield JB, Zhao H, Neale BM, Wade TD, Heath AC, Montgomery GW, Martin NG, Sullivan PF, Kaprio J, Breen G, Gelernter J, Edenberg HJ, Bulik CM and Agrawal A

Publicada: 1 ene 2021 Ahead of Print: 1 feb 2020
Categoría: Medicine (miscellaneous)

Resumen:
Eating disorders and substance use disorders frequently co-occur. Twin studies reveal shared genetic variance between liabilities to eating disorders and substance use, with the strongest associations between symptoms of bulimia nervosa and problem alcohol use (genetic correlation [r g ], twin-based = 0.23-0.53). We estimated the genetic correlation between eating disorder and substance use and disorder phenotypes using data from genome-wide association studies (GWAS). Four eating disorder phenotypes (anorexia nervosa [AN], AN with binge eating, AN without binge eating, and a bulimia nervosa factor score), and eight substance-use-related phenotypes (drinks per week, alcohol use disorder [AUD], smoking initiation, current smoking, cigarettes per day, nicotine dependence, cannabis initiation, and cannabis use disorder) from eight studies were included. Significant genetic correlations were adjusted for variants associated with major depressive disorder and schizophrenia. Total study sample sizes per phenotype ranged from ~2400 to ~537 000 individuals. We used linkage disequilibrium score regression to calculate single nucleotide polymorphism-based genetic correlations between eating disorder- and substance-use-related phenotypes. Significant positive genetic associations emerged between AUD and AN (r g = 0.18; false discovery rate q = 0.0006), cannabis initiation and AN (r g = 0.23; q < 0.0001), and cannabis initiation and AN with binge eating (r g = 0.27; q = 0.0016). Conversely, significant negative genetic correlations were observed between three nondiagnostic smoking phenotypes (smoking initiation, current smoking, and cigarettes per day) and AN without binge eating (r gs = -0.19 to -0.23; qs < 0.04). The genetic correlation between AUD and AN was no longer significant after co-varying for major depressive disorder loci. The patterns of association between eating disorder- and substance-use-related phenotypes highlights the potentially complex and substance-specific relationships among these behaviors.

Filiaciones:
Munn-Chernoff MA:
 Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA

Johnson EC:
 Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA

Chou YL:
 Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA

Coleman JRI:
 Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry (SGDP) Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK

 National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, King's College London and South London and Maudsley National Health Service Trust, London, UK

Thornton LM:
 Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA

Walters RK:
 Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA

 Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA

Yilmaz Z:
 Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA

 Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA

Baker JH:
 Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA

Hübel C:
 Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry (SGDP) Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK

 Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden

Gordon S:
 QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia

Medland SE:
 QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia

Watson HJ:
 Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA

 School of Psychology, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia

 School of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia

Gaspar HA:
 Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry (SGDP) Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK

 National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, King's College London and South London and Maudsley National Health Service Trust, London, UK

Bryois J:
 Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden

Hinney A:
 Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany

Leppä VM:
 Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden

Mattheisen M:
 Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark

 Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden

 Center for Psychiatry Research, Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm City Council, Stockholm, Sweden

 Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University of Würzburg, Germany

Ripke S:
 Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA

 Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA

 Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité - Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany

Yao S:
 Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden

Giusti-Rodríguez P:
 Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA

Hanscombe KB:
 Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, UK

Adan RAH:
 Department of Translational Neuroscience, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands

 Center for Eating Disorders Rintveld, Altrecht Mental Health Institute, Zeist, The Netherlands

 Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden

Alfredsson L:
 Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden

Ando T:
 Department of Behavioral Medicine, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Japan

Andreassen OA:
 Division of Mental Health and Addiction, NORMENT Centre, University of Oslo, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway

Berrettini WH:
 Department of Psychiatry, Center for Neurobiology and Behavior, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA

Boehm I:
 Division of Psychological and Social Medicine and Developmental Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany

Boni C:
 Centre of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, INSERM U894, Paris, France

Boraska Perica V:
 Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, UK

 Department of Medical Biology, School of Medicine, University of Split, Split, Croatia

Buehren K:
 Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany

Burghardt R:
 Klinikum Frankfurt/Oder, Frankfurt, Germany

Cassina M:
 Clinical Genetics Unit, Department of Woman and Child Health, University of Padova, Italy

Cichon S:
 Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland

 Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland

 Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Center Juelich, Germany

Clementi M:
 Clinical Genetics Unit, Department of Woman and Child Health, University of Padova, Italy

Cone RD:
 Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA

Courtet P:
 Department of Emergency Psychiatry and Post-Acute Care, CHRU Montpellier, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France

Crow S:
 Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA

Crowley JJ:
 Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA

 Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden

Danner UN:
 Altrecht Eating Disorders Rintveld, Altrecht Mental Health Institute, Zeist, The Netherlands

Davis OSP:
 MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK

 School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK

de Zwaan M:
 Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany

Dedoussis G:
 Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece

Degortes D:
 Department of Neurosciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy

DeSocio JE:
 College of Nursing, Seattle University, Seattle, Washington, USA

Dick DM:
 Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA

 College Behavioral and Emotional Health Institute, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA

 Department of Human & Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA

Dikeos D:
 Department of Psychiatry, Athens University Medical School, Athens University, Athens, Greece

Dina C:
 l'institut du thorax, INSERM, CNRS, Univ Nantes, Nantes, France

Dmitrzak-Weglarz M:
 Department of Psychiatric Genetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland

Docampo E:
 Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain

 Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain

 Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain

Duncan LE:
 Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA

Egberts K:
 Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Centre for Mental Health, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany

Ehrlich S:
 Division of Psychological and Social Medicine and Developmental Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany

Escaramís G:
 Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain

 Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain

 Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain

Esko T:
 Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia

 Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA

Estivill X:
 Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain

 Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain

 Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain

 Genomics and Disease, Bioinformatics and Genomics Programme, Centre for Genomic Regulation, Barcelona, Spain

Farmer A:
 Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry (SGDP) Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK

Favaro A:
 Department of Neurosciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy

Fernández-Aranda F:
 Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Bellvitge -IDIBELL and CIBERobn, Barcelona, Spain

 Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain

Fichter MM:
 Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany

 Schön Klinik Roseneck affiliated with the Medical Faculty of the University of Munich, Munich, Germany

Fischer K:
 Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia

Föcker M:
 Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany

Foretova L:
 Department of Cancer, Epidemiology and Genetics, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Brno, Czech Republic

Forstner AJ:
 Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland

 Centre for Human Genetics, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany

 Institute of Human Genetics, School of Medicine & University Hospital Bonn, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany

 Department of Psychiatry (UPK), University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland

Forzan M:
 Clinical Genetics Unit, Department of Woman and Child Health, University of Padova, Italy

Franklin CS:
 Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, UK

Gallinger S:
 Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Giegling I:
 Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany

Giuranna J:
 Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany

Gonidakis F:
 1st Psychiatric Department, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Eginition Hospital, Athens, Greece

Gorwood P:
 Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris, INSERM U1266, Paris, France

 CMME (GHU Paris Psychiatrie et Neurosciences), Paris Descartes University, Paris, France

Gratacos Mayora M:
 Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain

 Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain

 Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain

Guillaume S:
 Department of Emergency Psychiatry and Post-Acute Care, CHRU Montpellier, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France

Guo Y:
 Center for Applied Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA

Hakonarson H:
 Center for Applied Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA

 Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA

Hatzikotoulas K:
 Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, UK

 Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Centre for Environmental Health, Institute of Translational Genomics, Neuherberg, Germany

Hauser J:
 Department of Adult Psychiatry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland

Hebebrand J:
 Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany

Helder SG:
 Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry (SGDP) Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK

 Zorg op Orde, Delft, The Netherlands

Herms S:
 Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland

 Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland

Herpertz-Dahlmann B:
 Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany

Herzog W:
 Department of General Internal Medicine and Psychosomatics, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany

Huckins LM:
 Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, UK

 Department of Psychiatry, and Genetics and Genomics Sciences, Division of Psychiatric Genomics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA

Hudson JI:
 Biological Psychiatry Laboratory, McLean Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA

Imgart H:
 Eating Disorders Unit, Parklandklinik, Bad Wildungen, Germany

Inoko H:
 Department of Molecular Life Science, Division of Basic Medical Science and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Tokai University, Isehara, Japan

Janout V:
 Faculty of Health Sciences, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic

Jiménez-Murcia S:
 Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Bellvitge -IDIBELL and CIBERobn, Barcelona, Spain

 Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain

Julià A:
 Rheumatology Research Group, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain

Kalsi G:
 Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry (SGDP) Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK

Kaminská D:
 Department of Psychiatry, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic

Karhunen L:
 Department of Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland

Karwautz A:
 Eating Disorders Unit, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria

Kas MJH:
 Department of Translational Neuroscience, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands

 Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands

Kennedy JL:
 Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

 Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

 Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Keski-Rahkonen A:
 Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland

Kiezebrink K:
 Institute of Applied Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK

Kim YR:
 Department of Psychiatry, Seoul Paik Hospital, Inje University, Seoul, Korea

Klump KL:
 Department of Psychology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA

Knudsen GPS:
 Department of Mental Disorders, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway

La Via MC:
 Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA

Le Hellard S:
 Department of Clinical Science, Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway

 Dr. Einar Martens Research Group for Biological Psychiatry, Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway

 Department of Clinical Medicine, Laboratory Building, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway

Levitan RD:
 Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Li D:
 Center for Applied Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA

Lilenfeld L:
 The Chicago School of Professional Psychology, Washington DC Campus, Washington, District of Columbia, USA

Lin BD:
 Department of Translational Neuroscience, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands

Lissowska J:
 Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, M Sklodowska-Curie Cancer Center - Oncology Center, Warsaw, Poland

Luykx J:
 Department of Translational Neuroscience, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands

Magistretti PJ:
 BESE Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia

 Department of Psychiatry, University of Lausanne-University Hospital of Lausanne (UNIL-CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland

Maj M:
 Department of Psychiatry, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy

Mannik K:
 Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia

 Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland

Marsal S:
 Rheumatology Research Group, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain

Marshall CR:
 Department of Paediatric Laboratory Medicine, Division of Genome Diagnostics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Mattingsdal M:
 NORMENT KG Jebsen Centre, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, University of Oslo, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway

McDevitt S:
 Department of Psychiatry, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland

 Eist Linn Adolescent Unit, Bessborough, Health Service Executive South, Cork, Ireland

McGuffin P:
 Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry (SGDP) Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK

Metspalu A:
 Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia

 Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia

Meulenbelt I:
 Molecular Epidemiology Section (Department of Biomedical Datasciences), Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands

Micali N:
 Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland

 Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Geneva University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland

Mitchell K:
 National Center for PTSD, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts, USA

 Department of Psychiatry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA

Monteleone AM:
 Department of Psychiatry, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy

Monteleone P:
 Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy

Nacmias B:
 Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), University of Florence, Florence, Italy

Navratilova M:
 Department of Cancer, Epidemiology and Genetics, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Brno, Czech Republic

Ntalla I:
 Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece

O'Toole JK:
 Kartini Clinic, Portland, Oregon, USA

Ophoff RA:
 Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA

 Department of Psychiatry, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

Padyukov L:
 Department of Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden

Palotie A:
 Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA

 Institute for Molecular Medicine FIMM, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland

 Center for Human Genome Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA

Pantel J:
 Centre of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, INSERM U894, Paris, France

Papezova H:
 Department of Psychiatry, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic

Pinto D:
 Department of Psychiatry, and Genetics and Genomics Sciences, Division of Psychiatric Genomics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA

Rabionet-Janssen R:
 Saint Joan de Déu Research Institute, Saint Joan de Déu Barcelona Children's Hospital, Barcelona, Spain

 Institute of Biomedicine (IBUB), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain

 Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain

Raevuori A:
 Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland

Ramoz N:
 Centre of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, INSERM U894, Paris, France

Reichborn-Kjennerud T:
 Department of Mental Disorders, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway

 Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway

Ricca V:
 Department of Health Science, University of Florence, Florence, Italy

Ripatti S:
 Department of Biometry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland

Ritschel F:
 Division of Psychological and Social Medicine and Developmental Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany

 Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Eating Disorders Research and Treatment Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany

Roberts M:
 Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry (SGDP) Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK

Rotondo A:
 Department of Psychiatry, Neurobiology, Pharmacology, and Biotechnologies, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy

Rujescu D:
 Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany

Rybakowski F:
 Department of Psychiatry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland

Santonastaso P:
 Department of Neurosciences, Padua Neuroscience Center, University of Padova, Padova, Italy

Scherag A:
 Institute of Medical Statistics, Computer and Data Sciences, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany

Scherer SW:
 Department of Genetics and Genomic Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

 McLaughlin Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Schmidt U:
 Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK

Schork NJ:
 J. Craig Venter Institute (JCVI), La Jolla, California, USA

Schosser A:
 Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria

Seitz J:
 Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany

Slachtova L:
 Department of Pediatrics and Center of Applied Genomics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic

Slagboom PE:
 Molecular Epidemiology Section (Department of Medical Statistics), Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands

Slof-Op't Landt MCT:
 Center for Eating Disorders Ursula, Rivierduinen, Leiden, The Netherlands

 Department of Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands

Slopien A:
 Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland

Sorbi S:
 Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), University of Florence, Florence, Italy

 IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi, Florence, Italy

Swiatkowska B:
 Department of Environmental Epidemiology, Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, Lodz, Poland

Szatkiewicz JP:
 Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA

Tachmazidou I:
 Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, UK

Tenconi E:
 Department of Neurosciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy

Tortorella A:
 Department of Psychiatry, University of Naples SUN, Naples, Italy

 Department of Psychiatry, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy

Tozzi F:
 Brain Sciences Department, Stremble Ventures, Limassol, Cyprus

Treasure J:
 Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK

Tsitsika A:
 Adolescent Health Unit, Second Department of Pediatrics, "P. & A. Kyriakou" Children's Hospital, University of Athens, Athens, Greece

Tyszkiewicz-Nwafor M:
 Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland

Tziouvas K:
 Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, "P. & A. Kyriakou" Children's Hospital, University of Athens, Athens, Greece

van Elburg AA:
 Center for Eating Disorders Rintveld, Altrecht Mental Health Institute, Zeist, The Netherlands

 Faculty of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands

van Furth EF:
 Center for Eating Disorders Ursula, Rivierduinen, Leiden, The Netherlands

 Department of Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands

Wagner G:
 Eating Disorders Unit, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria

Walton E:
 Division of Psychological and Social Medicine and Developmental Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany

Widen E:
 Institute for Molecular Medicine FIMM, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland

Zeggini E:
 Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, UK

 Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Centre for Environmental Health, Institute of Translational Genomics, Neuherberg, Germany

Zerwas S:
 Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA

Zipfel S:
 Department of Internal Medicine VI, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Medical Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany

Bergen AW:
 BioRealm, LLC, Walnut, California, USA

 Oregon Research Institute, Eugene, Oregon, USA

Boden JM:
 Christchurch Health and Development Study, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand

Brandt H:
 The Center for Eating Disorders at Sheppard Pratt, Baltimore, Maryland, USA

Crawford S:
 The Center for Eating Disorders at Sheppard Pratt, Baltimore, Maryland, USA

Halmi KA:
 Department of Psychiatry, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA

Horwood LJ:
 Christchurch Health and Development Study, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand

Johnson C:
 Eating Recovery Center, Denver, Colorado, USA

Kaplan AS:
 Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

 Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

 Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Kaye WH:
 Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA

Mitchell J:
 Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Fargo, North Dakota, USA

Olsen CM:
 Population Health Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia

Pearson JF:
 Biostatistics and Computational Biology Unit, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand

Pedersen NL:
 Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden

Strober M:
 Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Science, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA

 David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA

Werge T:
 Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

Whiteman DC:
 Population Health Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia

Woodside DB:
 Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

 Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

 Centre for Mental Health, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

 Program for Eating Disorders, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Grove J:
 Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark

 The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH), Aarhus, Denmark

 Centre for Integrative Sequencing, iSEQ, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark

 Bioinformatics Research Centre, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark

Henders AK:
 Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia

Larsen JT:
 The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH), Aarhus, Denmark

 National Centre for Register-based Research, Aarhus BSS, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark

 Centre for Integrated Register-based Research (CIRRAU), Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark

Parker R:
 QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia

Petersen LV:
 The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH), Aarhus, Denmark

 National Centre for Register-based Research, Aarhus BSS, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark

 Centre for Integrated Register-based Research (CIRRAU), Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark

Jordan J:
 Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand

 Canterbury District Health Board, Christchurch, New Zealand

Kennedy MA:
 Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand

Birgegård A:
 Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden

 Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden

 Center for Psychiatry Research, Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm City Council, Stockholm, Sweden

Lichtenstein P:
 Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden

Norring C:
 Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden

 Center for Psychiatry Research, Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm City Council, Stockholm, Sweden

Landén M:
 Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden

 Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden

Mortensen PB:
 The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH), Aarhus, Denmark

 National Centre for Register-based Research, Aarhus BSS, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark

 Centre for Integrated Register-based Research (CIRRAU), Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark

Polimanti R:
 Department of Psychiatry, Division of Human Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA

 Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut, USA

McClintick JN:
 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA

Adkins AE:
 Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA

 College Behavioral and Emotional Health Institute, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA

Aliev F:
 Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA

 Faculty of Business, Karabuk University, Karabuk, Turkey

Bacanu SA:
 Virginia Commonwealth University Alcohol Research Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA

 Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA

 Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA

Batzler A:
 Psychiatric Genomics and Pharmacogenomics Program, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA

Bertelsen S:
 Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA

Biernacka JM:
 Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA

 Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA

Bigdeli TB:
 Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York, USA

Chen LS:
 Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA

Clarke TK:
 Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK

Degenhardt F:
 Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn School of Medicine & University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany

Docherty AR:
 Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA

Edwards AC:
 Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA

 Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA

Foo JC:
 Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany

Fox L:
 Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA

Frank J:
 Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany

Hack LM:
 Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA

Hartmann AM:
 Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany

Hartz SM:
 Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA

Heilmann-Heimbach S:
 Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn School of Medicine & University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany

Hodgkinson C:
 Laboratory of Neurogenetics, NIH/NIAAA, Bethesda, Maryland, USA

Hoffmann P:
 Institute of Human Genetics, School of Medicine & University Hospital Bonn, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany

 Human Genomics Research Group, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland

 Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology, University Hospital Basel, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland

Hottenga JJ:
 Department of Biological Psychology, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

Konte B:
 Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany

Lahti J:
 Turku Institute for Advanced Studies, University of Turku, Turku, Finland

Lahti-Pulkkinen M:
 Department of Psychology and Logopedics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland

Lai D:
 Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA

Ligthart L:
 Department of Biological Psychology, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

Loukola A:
 Institute for Molecular Medicine FIMM, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland

Maher BS:
 Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA

Mbarek H:
 Department of Biological Psychology, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

McIntosh AM:
 Division of Psychiatry, Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK

McQueen MB:
 Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA

Meyers JL:
 Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Henri Begleiter Neurodynamics Laboratory, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York, USA

Milaneschi Y:
 Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, VU University Medical Center/GGz inGeest, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

Palviainen T:
 Institute for Molecular Medicine FIMM, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland

Peterson RE:
 Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA

 Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA

Ryu E:
 Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA

Saccone NL:
 Department of Sociology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA

Salvatore JE:
 Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA

 Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA

 Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA

Sanchez-Roige S:
 Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA

Schwandt M:
 Department of Medicine (Biomedical Genetics), Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA

Sherva R:
 Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA

Streit F:
 Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany

Strohmaier J:
 Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany

Thomas N:
 Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA

 College Behavioral and Emotional Health Institute, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA

Wang JC:
 Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA

Webb BT:
 Virginia Commonwealth University Alcohol Research Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA

 Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA

 Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA

Wedow R:
 Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA

 Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA

 Department of Sociology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA

 Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA

Wetherill L:
 Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA

Wills AG:
 Institute of Behavioral Science, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA

Zhou H:
 Department of Psychiatry, Division of Human Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA

 Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut, USA

Boardman JD:
 Department of Sociology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA

 Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA

Chen D:
 Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA

Choi DS:
 Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont Medical Center, Burlington, Vermont, USA

Copeland WE:
 Department of Medicine, Division of Biostatistics, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA

Culverhouse RC:
 Department of Psychiatry, University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany

Dahmen N:
 National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia

Degenhardt L:
 Stanford University Graduate School of Education, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA

Domingue BW:
 Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Düsseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany

Frye MA:
 Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA

Gäbel W:
 MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK

Hayward C:
 Max-Planck-Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany

Ising M:
 Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA

Keyes M:
 Department of Addictive Behavior and Addiction Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany

Kiefer F:
 Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany

Koller G:
 Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa Roy J and Lucille A Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA

Kramer J:
 Addictions Department, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK

Kuperman S:
 Department of Psychiatry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany

Lucae S:
 Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA

Lynskey MT:
 Department of Psychiatry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany

Maier W:
 Department of Public Health Solutions, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland

Mann K:
 Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany

Männistö S:
 Department of Statistical Genetics, Max-Planck-Institute of Psychiatry, München, Germany

Müller-Myhsok B:
 Aberdeen Biomedical Imaging Centre, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences & Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, UK

Murray AD:
 Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA

Nurnberger JI:
 Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA

 Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Herborn, Germany

Preuss U:
 Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Vitos Hospital Herborn, Herborn, Germany

 School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA

Räikkönen K:
 Department of Psychology and Logopedics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland

Reynolds MD:
 Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Regensburg Psychiatric Health Care Aargau, Regensburg, Germany

Ridinger M:
 Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy and Department of Addictive Behaviour and Addiction Medicine, Medical Faculty, LVR-Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany

Scherbaum N:
 Medical Park Chiemseeblick in Bernau-Felden, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Bernau am Chiemsee, Germany

Schuckit MA:
 Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA

Soyka M:
 Psychiatric Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Bernau am Chiemsee, Germany

 Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany

Treutlein J:
 Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany

Witt SH:
 Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany

Wodarz N:
 Department of Psychiatry, Psychiatric Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany

Zill P:
 Department of Sociology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA

Adkins DE:
 Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA

 Department of Psychology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, USA

Boomsma DI:
 Department of Biological Psychology, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

Bierut LJ:
 Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA

Brown SA:
 Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA

 Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA

Bucholz KK:
 Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA

Costello EJ:
 Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA

de Wit H:
 NIAAA Intramural Research Program, Bethesda, Maryland, USA

Diazgranados N:
 Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland

Eriksson JG:
 National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland

 Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA

Farrer LA:
 Department of Sociology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA

 Department of Ophthalmology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA

 Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA

 Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA

 Office of the Clinical Director, NIH/NIAAA, Besthesda, Maryland, USA

Foroud TM:
 Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA

Gillespie NA:
 Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA

 Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA

Goate AM:
 Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA

Goldman D:
 Laboratory of Neurogenetics, NIH/NIAAA, Bethesda, Maryland, USA

 Center for Omics Discovery and Epidemiology, Behavioral Health Research Division, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA

Grucza RA:
 Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA

Hancock DB:
 Department of Sociology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA

Harris KM:
 Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA

 Department of Psychiatry, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut, USA

Hesselbrock V:
 Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA

Hewitt JK:
 Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, USA

Hopfer CJ:
 Fellow Program, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA

Iacono WG:
 Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany

Johnson EO:
 Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA

 Center for Studies of Addiction, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA

Karpyak VM:
 Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA

Kendler KS:
 Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA

 Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA

Kranzler HR:
 VISN 4 MIRECC, Crescenz VAMC, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA

 Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA

Krauter K:
 Peter Boris Centre for Addictions Research, McMaster University/St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada

Lind PA:
 QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia

McGue M:
 Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany

MacKillop J:
 Michael G. DeGroote Centre for Medicinal Cannabis Research, McMaster University/St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada

 Institute for Genomic Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA

Madden PAF:
 Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA

Maes HH:
 Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA

Magnusson PKE:
 Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden

Nelson EC:
 Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA

Nöthen MM:
 Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn School of Medicine & University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany

Palmer AA:
 Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA

 Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, VU University and GGZinGeest, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

Penninx BWJH:
 Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Indiana University Bloomington, Bloomington, Indiana, USA

Porjesz B:
 Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Henri Begleiter Neurodynamics Laboratory, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York, USA

Rice JP:
 Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA

Rietschel M:
 Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany

Riley BP:
 Virginia Commonwealth University Alcohol Research Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA

 Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA

 Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA

Rose RJ:
 Department of Biostatistics, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA

Shen PH:
 Laboratory of Neurogenetics, NIH/NIAAA, Bethesda, Maryland, USA

Silberg J:
 Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA

 Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA

Stallings MC:
 Fellow Program, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA

Tarter RE:
 Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy and Department of Addictive Behaviour and Addiction Medicine, Medical Faculty, LVR-Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany

Vanyukov MM:
 Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy and Department of Addictive Behaviour and Addiction Medicine, Medical Faculty, LVR-Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany

Vrieze S:
 Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany

Wall TL:
 Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA

Whitfield JB:
 QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia

Zhao H:
 School of Psychology, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia

Neale BM:
 Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA

 Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA

Wade TD:
 Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia

Heath AC:
 Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA

Montgomery GW:
 QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia

 Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia

 Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA

Martin NG:
 QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia

Sullivan PF:
 Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA

 Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA

 Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden

Kaprio J:
 Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland

 Institute for Molecular Medicine FIMM, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland

Breen G:
 Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry (SGDP) Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK

 National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, King's College London and South London and Maudsley National Health Service Trust, London, UK

Gelernter J:
 Department of Psychiatry, Division of Human Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA

 Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut, USA

 Department of Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA

 Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA

Edenberg HJ:
 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA

 Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA

Bulik CM:
 Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA

 Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden

 Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA

Agrawal A:
 Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
ISSN: 13556215
Editorial
WILEY, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ, Reino Unido
Tipo de documento: Article
Volumen: 26 Número: 1
Páginas: 12880
WOS Id: 000513571200001
ID de PubMed: 32064741
imagen Green Submitted, Green Published, Green Accepted

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