Travel burden and clinical presentation of retinoblastoma: analysis of 1024 patients from 43 African countries and 518 patients from 40 European countries.
Por:
Fabian ID, Stacey AW, Foster A, Kivelä TT, Munier FL, Keren-Froim N, Gomel N, Cassoux N, Sagoo MS, Reddy MA, Harby LA, Zondervan M, Bascaran C, Abdallah E, Abdullahi SU, Boubacar SA, Ademola-Popoola DS, Adio A, Aghaji AE, Portabella SA, Alfa Bio AI, Ali AM, Alia DB, All-Eriksson C, Almeida AA, Alsawidi KM, Antonino R, Astbury NJ, Atsiaya R, Balaguer J, Balwierz W, Barranco H, Popovic MB, Benmiloud S, Guebessi NB, Berete RC, Biddulph SJ, Biewald EM, Blum S, Bobrova N, Boehme M, Bornfeld N, Bouda GC, Bouguila H, Boumedane A, Brichard BG, L MC, Castela G, Català-Mora J, Chantada G, Chernodrinska VS, Chiwanga FS, Cieslik K, Comsa C, Correa Llano MG, Csóka M, Da Gama IV, Davidson A, Potter P, Desjardins L, Dragomir MD, Bruyn MD, Kettani AE, Elbahi AM, Elgalaly D, Elhaddad AM, Ali Elhassan MM, Elzembely MM, Essuman VA, Evina TGA, Fasina O, Fernández-Teijeiro A, Gandiwa M, Aldana DG, Geel JA, Gizachew Z, Gregersen PA, Guedenon KM, Hadjistilianou T, Hassan S, Hederova S, Hessissen L, Hordofa DF, Hummlen M, Husakova K, Ida R, Ilic VR, Jenkinson H, Amani Kabesha TB, Kabore RL, Kalinaki A, Kapelushnik N, Kardava T, Kemilev PK, Kepak T, Khotenashvili Z, Klett A, Kosh Komba Palet JE, Krivaitiene D, Kruger M, Kyara A, Lachmann ES, Latinovic S, Lecuona K, Lukamba RM, Lumbroso L, Lysytsia L, Maka E, Makan M, Manda C, Begue NM, Matende IO, Matua M, Mayet I, Mbumba FB, Mengesha AA, Midena E, Mndeme FG, Mohamedani AA, Moll AC, Moreira C, Msina MS, Msukwa G, Muma KI, Murgoi G, Musa KO, Mustak H, Muyen OM, Naidu G, Naumenko L, Ndoye Roth PA, Neroev V, Nikitovic M, Nkanga ED, Nkumbe H, Nyaywa M, Obono-Obiang G, Oguego NC, Olechowski A, Oscar AH, Osei-Bonsu P, Painter SL, Paintsil V, Paiva L, Papyan R, Parrozzani R, Parulekar M, Pawinska-Wasikowska K, Peric S, Philbert R, Pochop P, Polyakov VG, Pompe MT, Pons JJ, Raobela L, Renner LA, Reynders D, Ribadu D, Riheia MM, Ritter-Sovinz P, Saakyan S, Said AM, Román Pacheco SS, Scanlan TA, Schoeman J, Seregard S, Sherief ST, Cheikh SS, Silva S, Sorochynska T, Ssali G, Stathopoulos C, Kranjc BS, Stones DK, Svojgr K, Sylla F, Tamamyan G, Tandili A, Tateshi B, Theophile T, Traoré F, Tyau-Tyau H, Umar AB, Urbak SF, Ushakova TL, Valeina S, Hoefen Wijsard MV, Veleva-Krasteva NV, Viksnins M, Wackernagel W, Waddell K, Wade PD, Wali Nigeria AH, Wime AD, Dod CW, Yanga JM, Yarovaya VA, Yarovoy AA, Zein E, Sharabi S, Zhilyaeva K, Ziko OA and Bowman R
Publicada:
1 oct 2021
Ahead of Print:
15 sep 2020
Resumen:
BACKGROUND: The travel distance from home to a treatment centre, which may impact the stage at diagnosis, has not been investigated for retinoblastoma, the most common childhood eye cancer. We aimed to investigate the travel burden and its impact on clinical presentation in a large sample of patients with retinoblastoma from Africa and Europe. METHODS: A cross-sectional analysis including 518 treatment-naïve patients with retinoblastoma residing in 40 European countries and 1024 treatment-naïve patients with retinoblastoma residing in 43 African countries. RESULTS: Capture rate was 42.2% of expected patients from Africa and 108.8% from Europe. African patients were older (95% CI -12.4 to -5.4, p<0.001), had fewer cases of familial retinoblastoma (95% CI 2.0 to 5.3, p<0.001) and presented with more advanced disease (95% CI 6.0 to 9.8, p<0.001); 43.4% and 15.4% of Africans had extraocular retinoblastoma and distant metastasis at the time of diagnosis, respectively, compared to 2.9% and 1.0% of the Europeans. To reach a retinoblastoma centre, European patients travelled 421.8 km compared to Africans who travelled 185.7 km (p<0.001). On regression analysis, lower-national income level, African residence and older age (p<0.001), but not travel distance (p=0.19), were risk factors for advanced disease. CONCLUSIONS: Fewer than half the expected number of patients with retinoblastoma presented to African referral centres in 2017, suggesting poor awareness or other barriers to access. Despite the relatively shorter distance travelled by African patients, they presented with later-stage disease. Health education about retinoblastoma is needed for carers and health workers in Africa in order to increase capture rate and promote early referral.
Filiaciones:
Fabian ID:
International Centre for Eye Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
The Goldschleger Eye Institute, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
Stacey AW:
Department of Ophthalmology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, US
Kivelä TT:
Ocular Oncology Service, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
Munier FL:
Jules-Gonin Eye Hospital, Fondation Asile de Aveugles, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
Keren-Froim N:
Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
Gomel N:
Division of Ophthalmology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
Cassoux N:
Institut curie, université de Paris medicine Paris V Descartes, Paris, France
Sagoo MS:
NIHR Biomedical Research Center for Ophthalmology at Moorfields Eye Hospital and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology and London Retinoblastoma Service, Royal London Hospital, London, UK
Reddy MA:
The Royal London Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, and Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
Harby LA:
The Royal London Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, and Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
Abdallah E:
Ophthalmology Department of Rabat, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco
Abdullahi SU:
Bayero University, Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano, Nigeria
Boubacar SA:
National Hospital of Niamey, Niamey, Niger
Ademola-Popoola DS:
University of Ilorin and University of IlorinTeaching Hospital, Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria
Adio A:
Department of Ophthalmology, University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital, Port Harcourt, Nigeria
Aghaji AE:
Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, University of Nigeria, Enugu, Nigeria
Portabella SA:
Department of Pediatric Ophthalmology, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
Alfa Bio AI:
University of Parakou, Parakou, Benin
Ali AM:
Pediatric Oncology Department, South Egypt Cancer Institute, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
Alia DB:
University Hospital Center 'Mother Theresa', Tirana, Albania
All-Eriksson C:
St Erik Eye Hospital, Stockholn, Sweden
Almeida AA:
Beira Central Hospital, Beira, Mozambique
Alsawidi KM:
Tripoli Eye Hospital, Tripoli University, Tripoli, Libya
Antonino R:
Bambino Gesù IRCCS Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
Atsiaya R:
Light House For Christ Eye Center, Mombasa, Kenya
Balaguer J:
Pediatric Oncology Unit, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia, Spain
Balwierz W:
Institute of Pediatrics, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Childrens University Hospital of Krakow, Krakow, Poland
Barranco H:
Pediatric Oncology Unit, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia, Spain
Popovic MB:
Unit of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, University Hospital CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland
Benmiloud S:
Department of Pediatric Oncology, University Hassan II Fès, Fez, Morocco
Guebessi NB:
Center Hospitalier et Universitaire Ibn Rochd, Casablanca, Morocco
Berete RC:
Ophthalmologic Department of the Teaching Hospital of Treichville, Abidjan, Côte d'ivoire
Biddulph SJ:
University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
Biewald EM:
University Hospital Essen, Department of Ophthalmology, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
Blum S:
The Goldschleger Eye Institute, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
Bobrova N:
The Filatov Institute of Eye diseases and Tissue Therapy, Odessa, Ukraine
Boehme M:
University Hospital Essen, Department of Ophthalmology, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
Bornfeld N:
University Hospital Essen, Department of Ophthalmology, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
Bouda GC:
Center Hospitalier Universitaire Yalgado Ouédraogo de Ouagadougou, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
Bouguila H:
Institut Hédi-Raïs d'Ophtalmologie de Tunis, Faculté de Médecine de Tunis, Université Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
Boumedane A:
Etablissement Hospitalière Spécialise Emir Abdelkader CEA Service d'Oncologie Pédiatrique, Oran, Algeria
Brichard BG:
Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussel, Belgium
L MC:
Our Lady's Children's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
Castela G:
Centro Hospital Universitário de Coimbra, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
Català-Mora J:
Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
Chantada G:
Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
Chernodrinska VS:
Eye Clinic, University Hospital 'Alexandrovska', Department of Ophthalmology, Medical University, Sofia, Bulgaria
Chiwanga FS:
Muhimbili National Hospital, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
Cieslik K:
Department of Ophthalmology, The Children's Memorial Health Institute, Warsaw, Poland
Comsa C:
Oncology Institute 'Prof. Dr. Al. Trestioreanu' Bucharest, Romania
:
Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
Csóka M:
Semmelweis University Budapest, Budapest, Hungary
Da Gama IV:
Quelimane Central Hospital, Quelimane, Mozambique
Davidson A:
Red Cross Children's War Memorial Hospital and the University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
Potter P:
Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussel, Belgium
Desjardins L:
Institut Curie, Paris, France
Dragomir MD:
Oncology Institute 'Prof. Dr. Al. Trestioreanu' Bucharest, Romania
Bruyn MD:
University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
Kettani AE:
Center Hospitalier et Universitaire Ibn Rochd, Casablanca, Morocco
Elbahi AM:
Tripoli Eye Hospital, Tripoli University, Tripoli, Libya
Elgalaly D:
Children's Cancer Hospital Egypt 57357, Cairo, Egypt
Elhaddad AM:
Children's Cancer Hospital Egypt 57357, Cairo, Egypt
Ali Elhassan MM:
Oncology Department, National Cancer Institute, University of Gezira, Wadi Madani, Sudan
Elzembely MM:
Pediatric Oncology Department, South Egypt Cancer Institute, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
Essuman VA:
Ophthalmology Unit, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
Evina TGA:
Magrabi ICO Cameroon Eye Institute, Yaounde, Cameroon
Fasina O:
Department of Ophthalmology, University College Hospital/University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria
Fernández-Teijeiro A:
Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, Sevilla, Spain
Gandiwa M:
Lions Sight First Eye Hospital, Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital, Blantyre, Malawi
Aldana DG:
Servicio Andaluz de Salud (SAS), Sevilla, Spain
Geel JA:
University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital, Johannesburg, South Africa
Gizachew Z:
Addis Ababa University, School of Medicine, Department of Ophthalmology, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Gregersen PA:
Department of Clinical Genetics, and Center for Rare Disorders, Aarhus University Hopspital, Aarhus, Denmark
Guedenon KM:
Département de Pédiatrie, CHU Sylvanus Olympio, Université de Lomé, Lomé, Togo
Hadjistilianou T:
Retinoblastoma referral center, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
Hassan S:
Bayero University, Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano, Nigeria
Hederova S:
University Childrens' Hospital, Bratislava, Slovakia
Hessissen L:
Pediatric Hematology and Oncology Department of Rabat - Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco
Hordofa DF:
Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Jimma University Medical Center, Jimma, Ethiopia
Hummlen M:
Department of Ophthalmology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
Husakova K:
University Childrens' Hospital, Bratislava, Slovakia
Ida R:
Bambino Gesù IRCCS Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
Ilic VR:
Institute for Oncology and Radiology, Belgrade, Serbia
Jenkinson H:
Birmingham Children's Hospital Eye Department, Birmingham Women's and Children's NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
Amani Kabesha TB:
Bukavu Eye Clinic - Bukavu Official University, Bukavu, DRC
Kabore RL:
Center Hospitalier Universitaire Yalgado Ouédraogo de Ouagadougou, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
Kalinaki A:
Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Department of Ophthalmology, Kamplala, Uganda
Kapelushnik N:
The Goldschleger Eye Institute, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
Kardava T:
Ophthalmology Department, Central Children's Hospital of Georgia, Tbilisi, Georgia
Kemilev PK:
Eye Clinic, University Hospital 'Alexandrovska', Department of Ophthalmology, Medical University, Sofia, Bulgaria
Kepak T:
University Hospital Brno, Masaryk University and ICRC/St. Anna University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic
Khotenashvili Z:
Ophthalmology Department, Central Children's Hospital of Georgia, Tbilisi, Georgia
Klett A:
East Tallinn Central Hospital, Tallinn, Estonia
Kosh Komba Palet JE:
Oncologue Pédiatre Responsable d'Unité de Bangui, Bangui, Central African Republic
Krivaitiene D:
Chidren's Ophthalmology Department, Chidren's Hospital of Vilnius, University Hospital Santaros Clinic, Vilnius, Lithuania
Kruger M:
Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
Kyara A:
Muhimbili National Hospital, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
Lachmann ES:
University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
Latinovic S:
Clinical Center Of Vojvodina - University Eye Clinic, Eye Research Foundation Vidar - Latinovic, Novi Sad, Serbia
Lecuona K:
Division of Ophthalmology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
Lukamba RM:
University Clinics of Lubumbashi, University of Lubumbashi, Lubumbashi, DRC
Lumbroso L:
Institut Curie, Paris, France
Lysytsia L:
The Okhmatdyt National Children's Hospital, Kiev, Ukraine
Maka E:
Semmelweis University Budapest, Budapest, Hungary
Makan M:
Sekuru Kaguvi Eye Unit, Parirenyatwa Group of Hospitals, Harare, Zimbabwe
Manda C:
Lions Sight First Eye Hospital, Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital, Blantyre, Malawi
Begue NM:
Department of Pediatric Ophthalmology, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
Matende IO:
Light House For Christ Eye Center, Mombasa, Kenya
Matua M:
Ruharo Eye Hospital, Mbarara, Uganda
Mayet I:
University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
Mbumba FB:
Botswana Government - Scottish Livingstone Hospital, Molepolole, Botswana
Mengesha AA:
Department of Ophthalmology, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
Midena E:
Department of Ophthalmology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
Mndeme FG:
Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Center, Moshi, Tanzania
Mohamedani AA:
Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Gezira, Wadi Madani, Sudan
Moll AC:
Department of Ophthalmology, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, Netherlands
Moreira C:
Service d'Oncologie Pédiatrique de l'Hôpital Aristide le Dantec, Dakar, Senegal
Msina MS:
Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Center, Moshi, Tanzania
Msukwa G:
Lions Sight First Eye Hospital, Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital, Blantyre, Malawi
Muma KI:
Ministry of Health, Lusaka, Zambia
Murgoi G:
Oncology Institute 'Prof. Dr. Al. Trestioreanu' Bucharest, Romania
Musa KO:
Department of Ophthalmology, Lagos University Teaching Hospital/College of Medicine of the University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
Mustak H:
Division of Ophthalmology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
Muyen OM:
Abii Specialists Hospital, Bamenda, Cameroon
Naidu G:
University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
Naumenko L:
N.N. Alexandrov National Cancer Center of Belarus, Minsk, Belarus
Ndoye Roth PA:
Cheikh Anta DIOP University of Dakar, Le Dantec Hospital, Dakar, Senegal
Neroev V:
Moscow Helmholtz Research Institute of Eye Diseases, Moscow, Russia
Nikitovic M:
Institute for Oncology and Radiology, Belgrade, Serbia
Nkanga ED:
Calabar Children's Eye Center, Department of Ophthalmology University of Calabar Teaching Hospital Calabar Cross River State, Nigeria
Nkumbe H:
Magrabi ICO Cameroon Eye Institute, Yaounde, Cameroon
Nyaywa M:
Arthur Davison Children's Hospital, Ndola, Zambia
Obono-Obiang G:
CHU Angondje Cancerologie, Libreville, Gabon
Oguego NC:
Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, University of Nigeria, Enugu, Nigeria
Olechowski A:
Department of Ophthalmology, The Children's Memorial Health Institute, Warsaw, Poland
Oscar AH:
Eye Clinic, University Hospital 'Alexandrovska', Department of Ophthalmology, Medical University, Sofia, Bulgaria
Osei-Bonsu P:
Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Kumasi, Ghana
Painter SL:
Birmingham Children's Hospital Eye Department, Birmingham Women's and Children's NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
Paintsil V:
Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Kumasi, Ghana
Paiva L:
National Ophthalmological Institute of Angola, Luanda, Angola
Papyan R:
Yerevan State Medical University, Department of Oncology and Pediatric Cancer and Blood Disorders Center of Armenia, Hematology Center after R.H. Yeolyan, Yerevan, Armenia
Parrozzani R:
Department of Ophthalmology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
Parulekar M:
Birmingham Children's Hospital Eye Department, Birmingham Women's and Children's NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
Pawinska-Wasikowska K:
Institute of Pediatrics, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Childrens University Hospital of Krakow, Krakow, Poland
Peric S:
University Hospital Center Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
Philbert R:
Center Hospitaliere Universitaire de Kamenge, Bujumbura, Burundi
Pochop P:
Department of Ophthalmology for Children and Adults, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
Polyakov VG:
Head and Neck Tumors Department, SRI of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology of N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology of Russian Federation, Moscow, Russian Federation
Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education, Moscow, Russia
Pompe MT:
Univ. Medical Center Ljubljana, Univ.Eye Hospital Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
Pons JJ:
Good Shepherd Hospital, Siteki, Swaziland
Raobela L:
Center Hospitalier Universitaire Joseph Ravoahangy Andrianavalona, Antananarivo, Madagascar
Renner LA:
University of Ghana School of Medicine and Dentistry, Korle Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana
Reynders D:
University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
Ribadu D:
Federal Medical Center, Yola, Nigeria
Riheia MM:
Nampula Central Hospital, Nampula, Mozambique
Ritter-Sovinz P:
Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
Saakyan S:
Moscow Helmholtz Research Institute of Eye Diseases, Moscow, Russia
Said AM:
Ophthalmology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
Román Pacheco SS:
Pediatric Hemato-Oncology, Hospital Universitario Infantil La Paz, Madrid, Spain
Scanlan TA:
Muhimbili National Hospital, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
Schoeman J:
University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
Seregard S:
St Erik Eye Hospital, Stockholn, Sweden
Sherief ST:
Addis Ababa University, School of Medicine, Department of Ophthalmology, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Cheikh SS:
Ophthalmology Department, Nouakchott Medical University, Nouakchott, Mauritania
Silva S:
Centro Hospital Universitário de Coimbra, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
Sorochynska T:
The Filatov Institute of Eye diseases and Tissue Therapy, Odessa, Ukraine
Ssali G:
Mulago National Referral and Teaching Hospital, Kamplala, Uganda
Stathopoulos C:
Jules-Gonin Eye Hospital, Fondation Asile de Aveugles, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
Kranjc BS:
Univ. Medical Center Ljubljana, Univ.Eye Hospital Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
Stones DK:
Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of the Free Sate, Bloemfontein, South Africa
Svojgr K:
Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
Sylla F:
Africa Institute of Tropical Ophtalmology, Bamako, Mali
Tamamyan G:
Yerevan State Medical University, Department of Oncology and Pediatric Cancer and Blood Disorders Center of Armenia, Hematology Center after R.H. Yeolyan, Yerevan, Armenia
Tandili A:
University Hospital Center 'Mother Theresa', Tirana, Albania
Tateshi B:
University Eye Clinic, Skopje, Macedonia
Theophile T:
Kabgayi Eye Unit, Gitarama, Rwanda
Traoré F:
Pediatric Oncology Service, Gabriel Toure Hospital, Bamako, Mali
Tyau-Tyau H:
Université Adam Barka, Adam Barka, Chad
Umar AB:
Bayero University, Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano, Nigeria
Urbak SF:
Department of ophthalmology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
Ushakova TL:
Head and Neck Tumors Department, SRI of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology of N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology of Russian Federation, Moscow, Russian Federation
Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education, Moscow, Russia
Valeina S:
Children's Clinical University Hospital, Riga, Latvia
Hoefen Wijsard MV:
Department of Ophthalmology, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, Netherlands
Veleva-Krasteva NV:
Eye Clinic, University Hospital 'Alexandrovska', Department of Ophthalmology, Medical University, Sofia, Bulgaria
Viksnins M:
Children's Clinical University Hospital, Riga, Latvia
Wackernagel W:
Department of Ophthalmology, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria
Waddell K:
Ruharo Eye Hospital, Mbarara, Uganda
Wade PD:
Jos University Teaching Hospital, Jos, Nigeria
Wali Nigeria AH:
National Eye Center Kaduna, Kaduna, Nigeria
Wime AD:
National Ophthalmological Institute of Angola, Luanda, Angola
Dod CW:
Department of Pediatric Ophthalmology, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
Yanga JM:
Service d'Ophtalmologie, Cliniques Universitaires de Kinshasa, Université de Kinshasa, Kinshasa, DRC
Yarovaya VA:
S.Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, Moscow, Russia
Yarovoy AA:
S.Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, Moscow, Russia
Zein E:
Assistante Hospitalo - Universitaire, Faculte de Medecine de Nouakchott Medecin Oncopediatre, Center National d'Oncologie, Nouakchott, Mauritania
Sharabi S:
Radiology Department, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan, Israel
Zhilyaeva K:
N.N. Alexandrov National Cancer Center of Belarus, Minsk, Belarus
Ziko OA:
Ophthalmology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
Bowman R:
Ophthalmology Department, Great Ormond Street Children's Hospital, London, UK
Green Submitted, Green Published
|