Anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgA and IgG in human milk after vaccination is dependent on vaccine type and previous SARS-CoV-2 exposure: a longitudinal study
Por:
Selma-Royo M, Bäuerl C, Mena-Tudela D, Aguilar-Camprubí L, Pérez-Cano FJ, Parra-Llorca A, Lerin C, Martínez-Costa C and Collado MC
Publicada:
21 abr 2022
Ahead of Print:
21 abr 2022
Resumen:
Background: Breast milk is a vehicle to transfer protective antibodies from the lactating mother to the neonate. After SARS-CoV-2 infection, virus-specific IgA and IgG have been identified in breast milk, however, there are limited data on the impact of different COVID-19 vaccine types in lactating women. This study is aimed to evaluate the time course of induction of SARS-CoV-2-specific IgA and IgG in breast milk after vaccination.
Methods: In this prospective observational study in Spain, 86 lactating women from priority groups receiving the vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 were included. Breast milk samples were collected longitudinally at seven or eight-time points (depending on vaccine type). A group with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection (n=19) and a group of women from pre-pandemic time (n=20) were included for comparison.
Results: Eighty-six vaccinated lactating women [mean age, 34.6 +/- 3.7 years] of whom 96% were Caucasian and 92% were healthcare workers. A total number of 582 milk samples were included, and vaccine distribution was BioNTech/Pfizer (BNT162b2, n=34), Moderna (mRNA-1273, n=20), and AstraZeneca (ChAdOx1 nCoV-19, n=32). For each vaccine, 7 and 8 longitudinal time points were collected from baseline up to 30 days after the second dose for mRNA vaccines and adenovirus-vectored vaccines, respectively. A strong reactivity was observed for IgG and IgA after vaccination mainly after the 2nd dose. The presence and persistence of specific SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in breast milk were dependent on the vaccine type, with higher IgG and IgA levels in mRNA-based vaccines when compared to AstraZeneca, and on previous virus exposure. High intra- and inter-variability were observed, being relevant for IgA antibodies. In milk from vaccinated women, anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG was significantly higher while IgA levels were lower than in milk from COVID-19-infected women. Women with previous COVID-19 increased their IgG antibodies levels after the first dose to a similar level observed in vaccinated women after the second dose.
Conclusions: COVID-19 vaccination induced anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgA and IgG in breast milk with higher levels after the 2nd dose. Levels of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgA and IgG are dependent on the vaccine type. Further studies are warranted to demonstrate the protective antibody effect against COVID-19 in infants from vaccinated and infected mothers.
Filiaciones:
Selma-Royo M:
Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology-National Research Council (IATA-CSIC), 46980, Paterna, Valencia, Spain
Bäuerl C:
Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology-National Research Council (IATA-CSIC), 46980, Paterna, Valencia, Spain
Mena-Tudela D:
Department of Nursing, Nursing Research Group, Universitat Jaume I, Castellón, Spain
Aguilar-Camprubí L:
LactApp Women Health, Barcelona, Spain
Pérez-Cano FJ:
Physiology Section, Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Science and Institute of Research in Nutrition and Food Safety (INSA), University of Barcelona (UB), 08028, Barcelona, Spain
Parra-Llorca A:
Health Research Institute La Fe, Neonatal Research Group, Spain and University and Polytechnic Hospital La Fe, Division of Neonatology, 46026, Valencia, Spain
Lerin C:
Endocrinology Department, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, 08950, Barcelona, Spain
Martínez-Costa C:
Department of Pediatrics, Hospital Clínico Universitario, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
Nutrition Research Group of INCLIVA, 46010, Valencia, Spain
Collado MC:
Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology-National Research Council (IATA-CSIC), 46980, Paterna, Valencia, Spain.
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