The associations between traumatic experiences and subsequent onset of a substance use disorder: Findings from the World Health Organization World Mental Health surveys.
Por:
Degenhardt L, Bharat C, Glantz MD, Bromet EJ, Alonso J, Bruffaerts R, Bunting B, de Girolamo G, de Jonge P, Florescu S, Gureje O, Haro JM, Harris MG, Hinkov H, Karam EG, Karam G, Kovess-Masfety V, Lee S, Makanjuola V, Medina-Mora ME, Navarro-Mateu F, Piazza M, Posada-Villa J, Scott KM, Stein DJ, Tachimori H, Tintle N, Torres Y, Viana MC and Kessler RC
Publicada:
1 nov 2022
Ahead of Print:
16 jul 2022
Resumen:
AIM: Exposure to traumatic events (TEs) is associated with substance use disorders (SUDs). However, most studies focus on a single TE, and are limited to single countries, rather than across countries with variation in economic, social and cultural characteristics. We used cross-national data to examine associations of diverse TEs with SUD onset, and variation in associations over time. METHODS: Data come from World Mental Health surveys across 22 countries. Adults (n = 65,165) retrospectively reported exposure to 29 TEs in six categories: "exposure to organised violence"; "participation in organised violence"; "interpersonal violence"; "sexual-relationship violence"; "other life-threatening events"; and those involving loved ones ("network traumas"). Discrete-time survival analyses were used to examine associations with subsequent first SUD onset. RESULTS: Most (71.0%) reported experiencing at least one TE, with network traumas (38.8%) most common and exposure to organised violence (9.5%) least. One in five (20.3%) had been exposed to sexual-relationship violence and 26.6% to interpersonal violence. Among the TE exposed, lifetime SUD prevalence was 14.5% compared to 5.1% with no trauma exposure. Most TE categories (except organised violence) were associated with increased odds of SUD. Increased odds of SUD were also found following interpersonal violence exposure across all age ranges (ORs from 1.56 to 1.78), and sexual-relationship violence exposure during adulthood (ORs from 1.33 to 1.44), with associations persisting even after >11 years. CONCLUSION: Sexual and interpersonal violence have the most consistent associations with progression to SUD; increased risk remains for many years post-exposure. These need to be considered when working with people exposed to such traumas.
Filiaciones:
Degenhardt L:
National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
Bharat C:
National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
Glantz MD:
Department of Epidemiology, Services, and Prevention Research (DESPR), National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA), National Institute of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
Bromet EJ:
Department of Psychiatry, Stony Brook University School of Medicine, Stony Brook, NY, USA
Alonso J:
Health Services Research Unit, IMIM-Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain
Pompeu Fabra University (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
Bruffaerts R:
Universitair Psychiatrisch Centrum - Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (UPC-KUL), Campus Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium
Bunting B:
School of Psychology, Ulster University, Londonderry, United Kingdom
de Girolamo G:
IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
de Jonge P:
Department of Developmental Psychology, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
Interdisciplinary Center Psychopathology and Emotion Regulation, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
Florescu S:
National School of Public Health, Management and Development, Bucharest, Romania
Gureje O:
Department of Psychiatry, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria
Haro JM:
Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, CIBERSAM, Universitat de Barcelona, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
Harris MG:
School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland, Australia
Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research, The Park Centre for Mental Health, Queensland, Australia
Hinkov H:
National Center of Public Health and Analyses, Sofia, Bulgaria
Karam EG:
Institute for Development, Research, Advocacy and Applied Care (IDRAAC), Beirut, Lebanon
Department of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology, St George Hospital University Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
Balamand University, Faculty of Medicine, Beirut, Lebanon
Karam G:
Institute for Development, Research, Advocacy and Applied Care (IDRAAC), Beirut, Lebanon
Department of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology, St George Hospital University Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
Balamand University, Faculty of Medicine, Beirut, Lebanon
Kovess-Masfety V:
Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Santé Publique (EHESP), EA 4057, Paris Descartes University, Paris, France
Lee S:
Department of Psychiatry, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Tai Po, Hong Kong
Makanjuola V:
Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan
University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria
Medina-Mora ME:
National Institute of Psychiatry Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Mexico City, Mexico
Navarro-Mateu F:
Unidad de Docencia, Investigación y Formación en Salud Mental, Servicio Murciano de Salud, Murcia, Spain
Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria Virgen de la Arrixaca, Spain
Centro de Investigación Biomédica en ERed en Epidemíologia y Salud Pública, Murcia, Spain
Piazza M:
Instituto Nacional de Salud, Universidad Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
Posada-Villa J:
Colegio Mayor de Cundinamarca University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Bogota, Colombia
Scott KM:
Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, Otago, New Zealand
Stein DJ:
Dept of Psychiatry & Mental Health and South African Medical Council Research Unit on Risk and Resilience in Mental Disorders, University of Cape Town and Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town, Republic of South Africa
Tachimori H:
National Institute of Mental Health, National Center for Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan
Tintle N:
Department of Mathematics, Statistics and Computer Science, Dordt College, Sioux Center, IA, USA
Torres Y:
Center for Excellence on Research in Mental Health, CES University, Medellin, Colombia
Viana MC:
Department of Social Medicine, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitoria, Brazil
Kessler RC:
Department of Health Care Policy, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
Green Published
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