Mapping age- and sex-specific HIV prevalence in adults in sub-Saharan Africa, 2000-2018.
Por:
Haeuser E, Serfes AL, Cork MA, Yang M, Abbastabar H, Abhilash ES, Adabi M, Adebayo OM, Adekanmbi V, Adeyinka DA, Afzal S, Ahinkorah BO, Ahmadi K, Ahmed MB, Akalu Y, Akinyemi RO, Akunna CJ, Alahdab F, Alanezi FM, Alanzi TM, Alene KA, Alhassan RK, Alipour V, Almasi-Hashiani A, Alvis-Guzman N, Ameyaw EK, Amini S, Amugsi DA, Ancuceanu R, Anvari D, Appiah SCY, Arabloo J, Aremu O, Asemahagn MA, Jafarabadi MA, Awedew AF, Quintanilla BPA, Ayanore MA, Aynalem YA, Azari S, Azene ZN, Darshan BB, Babalola TK, Baig AA, Banach M, Bärnighausen TW, Bell AW, Bhagavathula AS, Bhardwaj N, Bhardwaj P, Bhattacharyya K, Bijani A, Bitew ZW, Bohlouli S, Bolarinwa OA, Boloor A, Bozicevic I, Butt ZA, Cárdenas R, Carvalho F, Charan J, Chattu VK, Chowdhury MAK, Chu DT, Cowden RG, Dahlawi SMA, Damiani G, Darteh EKM, Darwesh AM, das Neves J, Weaver ND, De Leo D, De Neve JW, Deribe K, Deuba K, Dharmaratne S, Dianatinasab M, Diaz D, Didarloo A, Djalalinia S, Dorostkar F, Dubljanin E, Duko B, El Tantawi M, El-Jaafary SI, Eshrati B, Eskandarieh S, Eyawo O, Ezeonwumelu IJ, Ezzikouri S, Farzadfar F, Fattahi N, Fauk NK, Fernandes E, Filip I, Fischer F, Foigt NA, Foroutan M, Fukumoto T, Gad MM, Gaidhane AM, Gebregiorgis BG, Gebremedhin KB, Getacher L, Ghadiri K, Ghashghaee A, Golechha M, Gubari MIM, Gugnani HC, Guimarães RA, Haider MR, Haj-Mirzaian A, Hamidi S, Hashi A, Hassanipour S, Hassankhani H, Hayat K, Herteliu C, Ho HC, Holla R, Hosseini M, Hosseinzadeh M, Hwang BF, Ibitoye SE, Ilesanmi OS, Ilic IM, Ilic MD, Islam RM, Iwu CCD, Jakovljevic M, Jha RP, Ji JS, Johnson KB, Joseph N, Joshua V, Joukar F, Jozwiak JJ, Kalankesh LR, Kalhor R, Kamyari N, Kanchan T, Matin BK, Karimi SE, Kayode GA, Karyani AK, Keramati M, Khan EA, Khan G, Khan MN, Khatab K, Khubchandani J, Kim YJ, Kisa A, Kisa S, Kopec JA, Kosen S, Laxminarayana SLK, Koyanagi A, Krishan K, Defo BK, Kugbey N, Kulkarni V, Kumar M, Kumar N, Kusuma D, La Vecchia C, Lal DK, Landires I, Larson HJ, Lasrado S, Lee PH, Li S, Liu X, Maleki A, Malik P, Mansournia MA, Martins-Melo FR, Mendoza W, Menezes RG, Mengesha EW, Meretoja TJ, Mestrovic T, Mirica A, Moazen B, Mohamad O, Mohammad Y, Mohammadian-Hafshejani A, Mohammadpourhodki R, Mohammed S, Mohammed S, Mokdad AH, Moradi M, Moraga P, Mubarik S, Mulu GBB, Mwanri L, Nagarajan AJ, Naimzada MD, Naveed M, Nazari J, Ndejjo R, Negoi I, Ngalesoni FN, Nguefack-Tsague G, Ngunjiri JW, Nguyen CT, Nguyen HLT, Nnaji CA, Noubiap JJ, Nuñez-Samudio V, Nwatah VE, Oancea B, Odukoya OO, Olagunju AT, Olakunde BO, Olusanya BO, Olusanya JO, Bali AO, Onwujekwe OE, Orisakwe OE, Otstavnov N, Otstavnov SS, Owolabi MO, Mahesh PA, Padubidri JR, Pana A, Pandey A, Pandi-Perumal SR, Kan FP, Patton GC, Pawar S, Peprah EK, Postma MJ, Preotescu L, Syed ZQ, Rabiee N, Radfar A, Rafiei A, Rahim F, Rahimi-Movaghar V, Rahmani AM, Ramezanzadeh K, Rana J, Ranabhat CL, Rao SJ, Rawaf DL, Rawaf S, Rawassizadeh R, Regassa LD, Rezaei N, Rezapour A, Riaz MA, Ribeiro AI, Ross JM, Rubagotti E, Rumisha SF, Rwegerera GM, Moghaddam SS, Sagar R, Sahiledengle B, Sahu M, Salem MR, Kafil HS, Samy AM, Sartorius B, Sathian B, Seidu AA, Shaheen AA, Shaikh MA, Shamsizadeh M, Shiferaw WS, Shin JI, Shrestha R, Singh JA, Skryabin VY, Skryabina AA, Soltani S, Sufiyan MB, Tabuchi T, Tadesse EG, Taveira N, Tesfay FH, Thapar R, Tovani-Palone MR, Tsegaye GW, Umeokonkwo CD, Unnikrishnan B, Villafañe JH, Violante FS, Vo B, Vu GT, Wado YD, Waheed Y, Wamai RG, Wang Y, Ward P, Wickramasinghe ND, Wilson K, Yaya S, Yip P, Yonemoto N, Yu C, Zastrozhin MS, Zhang Y, Zhang ZJ, Hay SI and Dwyer-Lindgren L
Publicada:
19 dic 2022
Ahead of Print:
19 dic 2022
Categoría:
Medicine (miscellaneous)
Resumen:
BACKGROUND: Human immunodeficiency virus and acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) is still among the leading causes of disease burden and mortality in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), and the world is not on track to meet targets set for ending the epidemic by the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) and the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Precise HIV burden information is critical for effective geographic and epidemiological targeting of prevention and treatment interventions. Age- and sex-specific HIV prevalence estimates are widely available at the national level, and region-wide local estimates were recently published for adults overall. We add further dimensionality to previous analyses by estimating HIV prevalence at local scales, stratified into sex-specific 5-year age groups for adults ages 15-59 years across SSA. METHODS: We analyzed data from 91 seroprevalence surveys and sentinel surveillance among antenatal care clinic (ANC) attendees using model-based geostatistical methods to produce estimates of HIV prevalence across 43 countries in SSA, from years 2000 to 2018, at a 5 × 5-km resolution and presented among second administrative level (typically districts or counties) units. RESULTS: We found substantial variation in HIV prevalence across localities, ages, and sexes that have been masked in earlier analyses. Within-country variation in prevalence in 2018 was a median 3.5 times greater across ages and sexes, compared to for all adults combined. We note large within-district prevalence differences between age groups: for men, 50% of districts displayed at least a 14-fold difference between age groups with the highest and lowest prevalence, and at least a 9-fold difference for women. Prevalence trends also varied over time; between 2000 and 2018, 70% of all districts saw a reduction in prevalence greater than five percentage points in at least one sex and age group. Meanwhile, over 30% of all districts saw at least a five percentage point prevalence increase in one or more sex and age group. CONCLUSIONS: As the HIV epidemic persists and evolves in SSA, geographic and demographic shifts in prevention and treatment efforts are necessary. These estimates offer epidemiologically informative detail to better guide more targeted interventions, vital for combating HIV in SSA.
Filiaciones:
Haeuser E:
Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
Serfes AL:
Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
Cork MA:
Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
Yang M:
Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
Abbastabar H:
Advanced Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Abhilash ES:
Department of Botany, Sree Narayana Guru College Chelannur, Kozhikode, India
Adabi M:
Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
Adebayo OM:
College of Medicine, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
Adekanmbi V:
Department of Population Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
Adeyinka DA:
Department of Community Health and Epidemiology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
Department of Public Health, Federal Ministry of Health, Abuja, Nigeria
Afzal S:
Department of Community Medicine, King Edward Memorial Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan
Department of Public Health, Public Health Institute, Lahore, Pakistan
Ahinkorah BO:
The Australian Centre for Public and Population Health Research (ACPPHR), University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
Ahmadi K:
School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
Ahmed MB:
Department of Epidemiology, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
Australian Center for Precision Health, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
Akalu Y:
Department of Medical Physiology, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
Akinyemi RO:
Institute for Advanced Medical Research and Training, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
Akunna CJ:
Department of Public Health, The Intercountry Centre for Oral Health (ICOH) for Africa, Jos, Nigeria
Department of Public Health, Federal Ministry of Health, Garki, Nigeria
Alahdab F:
Mayo Evidence-based Practice Center, Mayo Clinic Foundation for Medical Education and Research, Rochester, MN, USA
Alanezi FM:
Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
Alanzi TM:
Health Information Management and Technology Department, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
Alene KA:
Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
Wesfarmers Centre of Vaccines and Infectious Diseases, Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, WA, Australia
Alhassan RK:
Institute of Health Research, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho, Ghana
Alipour V:
Health Management and Economics Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Department of Health Economics, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Almasi-Hashiani A:
Department of Epidemiology, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
Alvis-Guzman N:
Research Group in Hospital Management and Health Policies, Universidad de la Costa (University of the Coast), Barranquilla, Colombia
Research Group in Health Economics, University of Cartagena, Cartagena, Colombia
Ameyaw EK:
The Australian Centre for Public and Population Health Research (ACPPHR), University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
Amini S:
Department of Health Services Management, Khomein University of Medical Sciences, Khomein, Iran
Amugsi DA:
Department of Maternal and Child Wellbeing, African Population and Health Research Center, Nairobi, Kenya
Ancuceanu R:
Pharmacy Department, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
Anvari D:
Department of Parasitology, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
Department of Parasitology, Iranshahr University of Medical Sciences, Iranshahr, Iran
Appiah SCY:
Department of Sociology and Social Work, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
Center for International Health, Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
Arabloo J:
Health Management and Economics Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Aremu O:
Department of Public Health, Birmingham City University, Birmingham, UK
Asemahagn MA:
School of Public Health, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
Jafarabadi MA:
Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
Awedew AF:
Department of Surgery, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Quintanilla BPA:
The Judith Lumley Centre, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
San Martin de Porres University, Lima, Peru
Ayanore MA:
Department of Health Policy Planning and Management, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho, Ghana
Department of Health Economics, Centre for Health Policy Advocacy Innovation & Research in Africa (CHPAIR-Africa), Accra, Ghana
Aynalem YA:
Department of Nursing, Debre Berhan University, Debre Berhan, Ethiopia
Azari S:
Hospital Management Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Azene ZN:
Department of Reproductive Health, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
Darshan BB:
Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
Babalola TK:
Discipline of Public Health Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
Department of Community Health and Primary Care, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
Baig AA:
Unit of Biochemistry, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin (Sultan Zainal Abidin University), Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia
Banach M:
Department of Hypertension, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
Polish Mothers' Memorial Hospital Research Institute, Lodz, Poland
Bärnighausen TW:
Heidelberg Institute of Global Health (HIGH), Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
Bell AW:
Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
Department of Social Services, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
Bhagavathula AS:
Department of Social and Clinical Pharmacy, Charles University, Hradec Kralova, Czech Republic
Institute of Public Health, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
Bhardwaj N:
Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, India
Bhardwaj P:
Department of Community Medicine and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, India
School of Public Health, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, India
Bhattacharyya K:
Department of Statistical and Computational Genomics, National Institute of Biomedical Genomics, Kalyani, India
Department of Statistics, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India
Bijani A:
Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
Bitew ZW:
Nutrition Department, St. Paul's Hospital Millennium Medical College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
St. Paul's Hospital Millennium Medical College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Bohlouli S:
Department of Veterinary Medicine, Islamic Azad University, Kermanshah, Iran
Bolarinwa OA:
Discipline of Public Health Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
Boloor A:
Department of Internal Medicine, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Mangalore, India
Bozicevic I:
WHO Collaborating Centre for HIV Strategic Information, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
Faculty of Public Health and Policy, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
Butt ZA:
School of Public Health and Health Systems, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
Al Shifa School of Public Health, Al Shifa Trust Eye Hospital, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
Cárdenas R:
Department of Health Care, Metropolitan Autonomous University, Mexico City, Mexico
Carvalho F:
Research Unit on Applied Molecular Biosciences (UCIBIO), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
Charan J:
Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, India
Chattu VK:
Department of Community Medicine, Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences, Sawangi, India
Saveetha Medical College, Saveetha University, Chennai, India
Chowdhury MAK:
James P Grant School of Public Health, BRAC University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
Chu DT:
Center for Biomedicine and Community Health, VNU-International School, Hanoi, Vietnam
Cowden RG:
Department of Psychology, University of the Free State, Park West, South Africa
Dahlawi SMA:
Environmental Health Department, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
Damiani G:
IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi (Galeazzi Orthopedic Institute IRCCS), University of Milan, Milan, Italy
Department of Dermatology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
Darteh EKM:
Department of Population and Health, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
Darwesh AM:
Department of Information Technology, University of Human Development, Sulaymaniyah, Iraq
das Neves J:
Institute for Research and Innovation in Health, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
Institute of Biomedical Engineering (INEB), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
Weaver ND:
Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
De Leo D:
Australian Institute for Suicide Research and Prevention, Griffith University, Mount Gravatt, QLD, Australia
De Neve JW:
Heidelberg Institute of Global Health (HIGH), Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
Deribe K:
Wellcome Trust Brighton and Sussex Centre for Global Health Research, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton, UK
School of Public Health, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Deuba K:
National Centre for AIDS and STD Control, Save the Children, Kathmandu, Nepal
Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
Dharmaratne S:
Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
Department of Community Medicine, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
Department of Health Metrics Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
Dianatinasab M:
Department of Epidemiology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
Department of Epidemiology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
Diaz D:
Center of Complexity Sciences, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnics, Autonomous University of Sinaloa, Rosales, Culiacán, Mexico
Didarloo A:
Department of Community Medicine and Public Health, Urmia University of Medical Science, Urmia, Iran
Djalalinia S:
Development of Research and Technology Center, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran
Dorostkar F:
Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Dubljanin E:
Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
Duko B:
School of Public Health, Hawassa University, Hawassa, Ethiopia
School of Public Health, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
El Tantawi M:
Pediatric Dentistry and Dental Public Health Department, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
El-Jaafary SI:
Department of Neurology, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
Eshrati B:
Preventive Medicine and Public Health Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Eskandarieh S:
Multiple Sclerosis Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Eyawo O:
Faculty of Health, York University, Toronto, BC, Canada
Ezeonwumelu IJ:
Institute for Health Science Research Germans Trias i Pujol, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Badalona, Spain
IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute, Badalona, Spain
Ezzikouri S:
Department of Virology, Pasteur Institute of Morocco, Casablanca, Morocco
Farzadfar F:
Non-communicable Diseases Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Fattahi N:
Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
Fauk NK:
Torrens University Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
Institute of Resource Governance and Social Change, Kupang, Indonesia
Fernandes E:
Associated Laboratory for Green Chemistry (LAQV), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
Filip I:
Psychiatry Department, Kaiser Permanente, Fontana, CA, USA
School of Health Sciences, A.T. Still University, Mesa, AZ, USA
Fischer F:
Institute of Public Health, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin (Charité Medical University Berlin), Berlin, Germany
Foigt NA:
Institute of Gerontology, National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
Foroutan M:
Department of Medical Parasitology, Abadan University of Medical Sciences, Abadan, Iran
Faculty of Medicine, Abadan University of Medical Sciences, Abadan, Iran
Fukumoto T:
Department of Dermatology, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
Gad MM:
Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
Gaidhane AM:
Department of Community Medicine, Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences, Wardha, India
Gebregiorgis BG:
Department of Nursing, Debre Berhan University, Debre Berhan, Ethiopia
Gebremedhin KB:
Department of Nursing and Midwifery, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Getacher L:
Department of Public Health, Debre Berhan University, Debre Berhan, Ethiopia
Ghadiri K:
Infectious Disease Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
Pediatric Department, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
Ghashghaee A:
School of Public Health, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
Golechha M:
Health Systems and Policy Research, Indian Institute of Public Health, Gandhinagar, India
Gubari MIM:
Department of Family and Community Medicine, University Of Sulaimani, Sulaimani, Iraq
Gugnani HC:
Department of Microbiology, Saint James School of Medicine, The Valley, Anguilla
Department of Epidemiology, Saint James School of Medicine, The Valley, Anguilla
Guimarães RA:
Faculty of Nursing, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
Haider MR:
Department of Health Policy and Management, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
Haj-Mirzaian A:
Department of Pharmacology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Obesity Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Hamidi S:
School of Health and Environmental Studies, Hamdan Bin Mohammed Smart University, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
Hashi A:
Department of Public Health, Jigjiga University, Jijiga, Ethiopia
Hassanipour S:
Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
Caspian Digestive Disease Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
Hassankhani H:
School of Nursing and Midwifery, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
Independent Consultant, Tabriz, Iran
Hayat K:
Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
Department of Pharmacy Administration and Clinical Pharmacy, Xian Jiaotong University, Xian, China
Herteliu C:
Department of Statistics and Econometrics, Bucharest University of Economic Studies, Bucharest, Romania
School of Business, London South Bank University, London, UK
Ho HC:
Department of Urban Planning and Design, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
Holla R:
Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
Hosseini M:
Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Pediatric Chronic Kidney Disease Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Hosseinzadeh M:
Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Vietnam
Department of Computer Science, University of Human Development, Sulaymaniyah, Iraq
Hwang BF:
Department of Occupational Safety and Health, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
Ibitoye SE:
Department of Health Promotion and Education, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
Ilesanmi OS:
Department of Community Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
Department of Community Medicine, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
Ilic IM:
Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
Ilic MD:
Department of Epidemiology, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
Islam RM:
Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
Iwu CCD:
School of Health Systems and Public Health, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
Jakovljevic M:
Institute of Advanced Manufacturing Technologies, Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, St. Petersburg, Russia
Institute of Comparative Economic Studies, Hosei University, Tokyo, Japan
Jha RP:
Department of Community Medicine, Dr. Baba Saheb Ambedkar Medical College & Hospital, Delhi, India
Department of Community Medicine, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
Ji JS:
Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
Johnson KB:
Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
Joseph N:
Department of Community Medicine, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Mangalore, India
Joshua V:
National Institute of Epidemiology, Indian Council of Medical Research, Chennai, India
Joukar F:
Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
Caspian Digestive Disease Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
Jozwiak JJ:
Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of Opole, Opole, Poland
Kalankesh LR:
School of Management and Medical Informatics, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
Kalhor R:
Institute for Prevention of Non-communicable Diseases, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
Health Services Management Department, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
Kamyari N:
Department of Biostatistics, Abadan University of Medical Sciences, Abadan, Iran
Kanchan T:
Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, India
Matin BK:
Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
Karimi SE:
Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
Kayode GA:
International Research Center of Excellence, Institute of Human Virology Nigeria, Abuja, Nigeria
Julius Centre for Health Sciences and Primary Care, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
Karyani AK:
Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
Keramati M:
Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
Khan EA:
Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Health Services Academy, Islamabad, Pakistan
Khan G:
Department of Medical Microbiology & Immunology, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
Khan MN:
Department of Population Science, Jatiya Kabi Kazi Nazrul Islam University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
Khatab K:
Faculty of Health and Wellbeing, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, UK
College of Arts and Sciences, Ohio University, Zanesville, OH, USA
Khubchandani J:
Department of Public Health, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM, USA
Kim YJ:
School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xiamen University Malaysia, Sepang, Malaysia
Kisa A:
School of Health Sciences, Kristiania University College, Oslo, Norway
Department of Global Community Health and Behavioral Sciences, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
Kisa S:
Department of Nursing and Health Promotion, Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
Kopec JA:
School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
Arthritis Research Canada, Richmond, Canada
Kosen S:
Independent Consultant, Jakarta, Indonesia
Laxminarayana SLK:
Kasturba Medical College, Udupi, India
Koyanagi A:
Biomedical Research Networking Center for Mental Health Network (CIBERSAM), San Juan de Dios Sanitary Park, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Spain
Catalan Institution for research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
Krishan K:
Department of Anthropology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
Defo BK:
Department of Demography, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada
Kugbey N:
University of Environment and Sustainable Development, Somanya, Ghana
Kulkarni V:
Department of Community Medicine, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Mangalore, India
Kumar M:
Department of Psychiatry, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
Division of Psychology and Language Sciences, University College London, London, UK
Kumar N:
Department of Community Medicine, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Mangalore, India
Kusuma D:
Imperial College Business School, Imperial College London, London, UK
Faculty of Public Health, University of Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia
La Vecchia C:
Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
Lal DK:
Public Health Foundation of India, Gurugram, India
Landires I:
Unit of Genetics and Public Health, Institute of Medical Sciences, Las Tablas, Panama
Ministry of Health, Herrera, Panama
Larson HJ:
Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
Lasrado S:
Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Father Muller Medical College, Mangalore, India
Lee PH:
Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
Li S:
School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
Liu X:
Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
Department of Quantitative Health Science, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
Maleki A:
Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Environmental Health Research Center, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
Malik P:
Department of Pediatrics, Montefiore Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
Mansournia MA:
Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Martins-Melo FR:
Campus Caucaia, Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Ceará, Caucaia, Brazil
Mendoza W:
Peru Country Office, United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA), Lima, Peru
Menezes RG:
Forensic Medicine Division, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
Mengesha EW:
Department of Reproductive Health and Population Studies, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
Meretoja TJ:
Breast Surgery Unit, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
Mestrovic T:
Clinical Microbiology and Parasitology Unit, Dr. Zora Profozic Polyclinic, Zagreb, Croatia
University Centre Varazdin, University North, Varazdin, Croatia
Mirica A:
Department of Statistics and Econometrics, Bucharest University of Economic Studies, Bucharest, Romania
Moazen B:
Heidelberg Institute of Global Health (HIGH), Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
Institute of Addiction Research (ISFF), Frankfurt University of Applied Sciences, Frankfurt, Germany
Mohamad O:
Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
Mohammad Y:
Internal Medicine Department, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
Mohammadian-Hafshejani A:
Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
Mohammadpourhodki R:
Department of Nursing, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
Mohammed S:
Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, USA
Department of Pharmacy, Mizan-Tepi University, Mizan, Ethiopia
Mohammed S:
Health Systems and Policy Research Unit, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
Department of Health Care Management, Technical University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany
Mokdad AH:
Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
Department of Health Metrics Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
Moradi M:
Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
Moraga P:
Computer, Electrical, and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
Mubarik S:
Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
Mulu GBB:
Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Debre Berhan University, Debre Berhan, Ethiopia
Mwanri L:
College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adeaide, SA, Australia
Nagarajan AJ:
Research and Analytics Department, Initiative for Financing Health and Human Development, Chennai, India
Department of Research and Analytics, Bioinsilico Technologies, Chennai, India
Naimzada MD:
Laboratory of Public Health Indicators Analysis and Health Digitalization, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia
Experimental Surgery and Oncology Laboratory, Kursk State Medical University, Kursk, Russia
Naveed M:
Department of Biotechnology, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
Nazari J:
Department of Pediatrics, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
Ndejjo R:
Department of Disease Control and Environmental Health, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
Negoi I:
Department of General Surgery, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
Department of General Surgery, Emergency Hospital of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
Ngalesoni FN:
Ministry of Health, Community Development, Gender, Elderly and Children, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
Nguefack-Tsague G:
Department of Public Health, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
Ngunjiri JW:
Department of Biological Sciences, University of Embu, Embu, Kenya
Nguyen CT:
Institute for Global Health Innovations, Duy Tan University, Hanoi, Vietnam
Nguyen HLT:
Institute for Global Health Innovations, Duy Tan University, Hanoi, Vietnam
Nnaji CA:
South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa
School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
Noubiap JJ:
Centre for Heart Rhythm Disorders, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
Nuñez-Samudio V:
Unit of Microbiology and Public Health, Institute of Medical Sciences, Las Tablas, Panama
Department of Public Health, Ministry of Health, Herrera, Panama
Nwatah VE:
Department of Pediatrics, National Hospital, Abuja, Nigeria
Department of International Public Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
Oancea B:
Administrative and Economic Sciences Department, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
Odukoya OO:
Department of Community Health and Primary Care, University of Lagos, Idi Araba, Nigeria
Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
Olagunju AT:
Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
Department of Psychiatry, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
Olakunde BO:
Community Prevention and Care Services, National AIDS Control Committee, Abuja, Nigeria
Olusanya BO:
Centre for Healthy Start Initiative, Lagos, Nigeria
Olusanya JO:
Centre for Healthy Start Initiative, Lagos, Nigeria
Bali AO:
Diplomacy and Public Relations Department, University of Human Development, Sulaymaniyah, Iraq
Onwujekwe OE:
Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Nigeria Nsukka, Enugu, Nigeria
Orisakwe OE:
University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Nigeria
Otstavnov N:
Laboratory of Public Health Indicators Analysis and Health Digitalization, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia
Otstavnov SS:
Laboratory of Public Health Indicators Analysis and Health Digitalization, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia
Department of Project Management, National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russia
Owolabi MO:
Department of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
Department of Medicine, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
Mahesh PA:
Department of Respiratory Medicine, Jagadguru Sri Shivarathreeswara Academy of Health Education and Research, Mysore, India
Padubidri JR:
Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
Pana A:
Department of Statistics and Econometrics, Bucharest University of Economic Studies, Bucharest, Romania
Department of Health Metrics, Center for Health Outcomes & Evaluation, Bucharest, Romania
Pandey A:
Research Department, Nepal Health Research Council, Kathmandu, Nepal
Research Department, Public Health Research Society Nepal, Kathmandu, Nepal
Pandi-Perumal SR:
Saveetha Medical College and Hospitals, Saveetha University, Chennai, India
Kan FP:
Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Patton GC:
Department of Pediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
Population Health Theme, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
Pawar S:
Department of Genetics, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
Peprah EK:
School of Global Public Health, New York University, New York, NY, USA
Postma MJ:
University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
School of Economics and Business, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
Preotescu L:
National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Bucuresti, Romania
Department of Infectious Diseases, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
Syed ZQ:
Department of Community Medicine, Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences, Wardha, India
Rabiee N:
School of Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, South Korea
Radfar A:
College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
Rafiei A:
Department of Immunology, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
Molecular and Cell Biology Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
Rahim F:
Metabolomics and Genomics Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Rahimi-Movaghar V:
Sina Trauma and Surgery Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Rahmani AM:
Future Technology Research Center, National Yunlin University of Science and Technology, Yunlin, Taiwan
Ramezanzadeh K:
Department of Pharmacology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Rana J:
Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
Research and Innovation Division, South Asian Institute for Social Transformation (SAIST), Dhaka, Bangladesh
Ranabhat CL:
Research Department, Policy Research Institute, Kathmandu, Nepal
Health and Public Policy Department, Global Center for Research and Development, Kathmandu, Nepal
Rao SJ:
Department of Oral Pathology, Sharavathi Dental College and Hospital, Shimogga, India
Rawaf DL:
WHO Collaborating Centre for Public Health Education and Training, Imperial College London, London, UK
University College London Hospitals, London, UK
Rawaf S:
Department of Primary Care and Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
Academic Public Health England, Public Health England, London, UK
Rawassizadeh R:
Department of Computer Science, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
Regassa LD:
Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
Rezaei N:
Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
Rezapour A:
Health Management and Economics Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Riaz MA:
Faculty of Business and Management, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin (Sultan Zainal Abidin University), Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia
Ribeiro AI:
Epidemiology Research Unit (EPIUnit), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
Ross JM:
Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
Rubagotti E:
African Genome Center, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), Ben Guerir, Morocco
Centro de Investigaciones en Anomalías Congénitas y Enfermedades Raras (Center for Research in Congenital Anomalies and Rare Diseases), Universidad ICESI (ICESI University), Cali, Colombia
Rumisha SF:
Malaria Atlas Project, Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, Australia
Department of Health Statistics, National Institute for Medical Research, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
Rwegerera GM:
Department of Internal Medicine, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana
Moghaddam SS:
Non-communicable Diseases Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Sagar R:
Department of Psychiatry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
Sahiledengle B:
Department of Public Health, Madda Walabu University, Bale Robe, Ethiopia
Sahu M:
Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
Salem MR:
Public Health and Community Medicine Department, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
Kafil HS:
Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
Samy AM:
Department of Entomology, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
Sartorius B:
Department of Health Metrics Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
Sathian B:
Geriatric and Long Term Care Department, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
Faculty of Health & Social Sciences, Bournemouth University, Bournemouth, UK
Seidu AA:
Department of Population and Health, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, QLD, Townsville, Australia
Shaheen AA:
Public Health Division, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
Shaikh MA:
Independent Consultant, Karachi, Pakistan
Shamsizadeh M:
Faculty of Caring Science, Work Life, and Social Welfare, University of Borås, Borås, Sweden
Shiferaw WS:
Department of Nursing, Debre Berhan University, Debre Berhan, Ethiopia
Shin JI:
College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
Shrestha R:
Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
Singh JA:
School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
Medicine Service, US Department of Veterans Affairs (VA), Birmingham, AL, USA
Skryabin VY:
Department No.16, Moscow Research and Practical Centre on Addictions, Moscow, Russia
Skryabina AA:
Department of Infectious Diseases and Epidemiology, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
Soltani S:
Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
Sufiyan MB:
Department of Community Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
Tabuchi T:
Cancer Control Center, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan
Tadesse EG:
Department of Biomedical Sciences, Arba Minch University, Arba Minch, Ethiopia
Taveira N:
University Institute "Egas Moniz", Monte da Caparica, Portugal
Research Institute for Medicines, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
Tesfay FH:
School of Public Health, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia
Southgate Institute for Health and Society, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
Thapar R:
Department of Community Medicine, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Mangalore, India
Tovani-Palone MR:
Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
Modestum LTD, London, UK
Tsegaye GW:
College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
Umeokonkwo CD:
Department of Community Medicine, Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital Abakaliki, Abakaliki, Nigeria
Unnikrishnan B:
Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Mangalore, India
Villafañe JH:
Clinical Research Department, IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi, Milan, Italy
Violante FS:
Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
Occupational Health Unit, Sant'Orsola Malpighi Hospital, Bologna, Italy
Vo B:
Faculty of Information Technology, HUTECH University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
Vu GT:
Center of Excellence in Behavioral Medicine, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
Wado YD:
Population Dynamics and Sexual and Reproductive Health, African Population and Health Research Center, Nairobi, Kenya
Waheed Y:
Foundation University Medical College, Foundation University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
Wamai RG:
Department of Cultures, Societies and Global Studies, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
School of Public Health, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
Wang Y:
School of Population Health and Environmental Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
Ward P:
Centre for Health Policy Research, Torrens University Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
Wickramasinghe ND:
Department of Community Medicine, Rajarata University of Sri Lanka, Anuradhapura, Sri Lanka
Wilson K:
Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
Yaya S:
School of International Development and Global Studies, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
The George Institute for Global Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
Yip P:
Centre for Suicide Research and Prevention, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
Department of Social Work and Social Administration, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
Yonemoto N:
Department of Neuropsychopharmacology, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Japan
Department of Public Health, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
Yu C:
Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
Zastrozhin MS:
Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
Addictology Department, Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education, Moscow, Russia
Zhang Y:
School of Public Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
Zhang ZJ:
School of Medicine, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
Hay SI:
Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
Department of Health Metrics Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
Dwyer-Lindgren L:
Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
Department of Health Metrics Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
Green Published, Green Accepted, gold
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