Estimation of the global prevalence of dementia in 2019 and forecasted prevalence in 2050: an analysis for the Global Burden of Disease 2019
Por:
Nichols, Emma, Steinmetz, Jaimie D., Vollset, Stein Emil, Fukutaki, Kai, Chalek, Julian, Abd-Allah, Foad, Abdoli, Amir, Abualhasan, Ahmed, Abu-Gharbieh, Eman, Akram, Tayyaba Tayyaba, Al Hamad, Hanadi, Alahdab, Fares, Alanezi, Fahad Mashhour, Alipour, Vahid, Almustanyir, Sami, Amu, Hubert, Ansari, Iman, Arabloo, Jalal, Ashraf, Tahira, Astell-Burt, Thomas, Ayano, Getinet, Ayuso-Mateos, Jose L., Baig, Atif Amin, Barnett, Anthony, Barrow, Amadou, Baune, Bernhard T., Bejot, Yannick, Bezabhe, Woldesellassie M. Mequanint, Bezabih, Yihienew Mequanint, Bhagavathula, Akshaya Srikanth, Bhaskar, Sonu, Bhattacharyya, Krittika, Bijani, Ali, Biswas, Atanu, Bolla, Srinivasa Rao, Boloor, Archith, Brayne, Carol, Brenner, Hermann, Burkart, Katrin, Burns, Richard A., Camera, Luis Alberto, Cao, Chao, Carvalho, Felix, Castro-de-Araujo, Luis F. S., Catala-Lopez, Ferran, Cerin, Ester, Chavan, Prachi P., Cherbuin, Nicolas, Chu, Dinh-Toi, Costa, Vera Marisa, Couto, Rosa A. S., Dadras, Omid, Dai, Xiaochen, Dandona, Lalit, Dandona, Rakhi, De La Cruz-Gongora, Vanessa, Dhamnetiya, Deepak, da Silva, Diana Dias, Diaz, Daniel, Douiri, Abdel, Edvardsson, David, Ekholuenetale, Michael, El Sayed, Iman, El-Jaafary, I, Shaimaa, Eskandari, Khalil, Eskandarieh, Sharareh, Esmaeilnejad, Saman, Fares, Jawad, Faro, Andre, Farooque, Umar, Feigin, Valery L., Feng, Xiaoqi, Fereshtehnejad, Seyed-Mohammad, Fernandes, Eduarda, Ferrara, Pietro, Filip, Irina, Fillit, Howard, Fischer, Florian, Gaidhane, Shilpa, Galluzzo, Lucia, Ghashghaee, Ahmad, Ghith, Nermin, Gialluisi, Alessandro, Gilani, Syed Amir, Glavan, Ionela-Roxana, Gnedovskaya, V, Elena, Golechha, Mahaveer, Gupta, Rajeev, Gupta, Veer Bala, Gupta, Vivek Kumar, Haider, Mohammad Rifat, Hall, Brian J., Hamidi, Samer, Hanif, Asif, Hankey, Graeme J., Haque, Shafiul, Hartono, Risky Kusuma, Hasaballah, I, Ahmed, Hasan, M. Tasdik, Hassan, Amr, Hay, I, Simon, Hayat, Khezar, Hegazy, I, Mohamed, Heidari, Golnaz, Heidari-Soureshjani, Reza, Herteliu, Claudiu, Househ, Mowafa, Hussain, Rabia, Hwang, Bing-Fang, Iacoviello, Licia, Iavicoli, Ivo, Ilesanmi, Olayinka Stephen, Ilic, Irena M., Ilic, Milena D., Irvani, Seyed Sina Naghibi, Iso, Hiroyasu, Iwagami, Masao, Jabbarinejad, Roxana, Jacob L., Jain, Vardhmaan, Jayapal, Sathish Kumar, Jayawardena, Ranil, Jha, Ravi Prakash, Jonas, Jost B., Joseph, Nitin, Kalani, Rizwan, Kandel, Amit, Kandel, Himal, Karch, Andre, Kasa, Ayele Semachew, Kassie, Gizat M., Keshavarz, Pedram, Khan, Moien A. B., Khatib, Mahalaqua Nazli, Khoja, Tawfik Ahmed Muthafer, Khubchandani, Jagdish, Kim, Min Seo, Kim, Yun Jin, Kisa, Adnan, Kisa, Sezer, Kivimaki, Mika, Koroshetz, Walter J., Koyanagi A, Kumar, G. Anil, Kumar, Manasi, Lak, Hassan Mehmood, Leonardi, Matilde, Li, Bingyu, Lim, Stephen S., Liu, Xuefeng, Liu, Yuewei, Logroscino, Giancarlo, Lorkowski, Stefan, Lucchetti, Giancarlo, Saute, Ricardo Lutzky, Magnani, Francesca Giulia, Malik, Ahmad Azam, Massano, Joao, Mehndiratta, Man Mohan, Menezes, Ritesh G., Meretoja, Atte, Mohajer, Bahram, Ibrahim, Norlinah Mohamed, Mohammad, Yousef, Mohammed, Arif, Mokdad, Ali H., Mondello, Stefania, Moni, Mohammad Ali, Moniruzzaman, Md, Mossie, Tilahun Belete, Nagel, Gabriele, Naveed, Muhammad, Nayak, Vinod C., Kandel, Sandhya Neupane, Nguyen, Trang Huyen, Oancea, Bogdan, Otstavnov, Nikita, Otstavnov, Stanislav S., Owolabi, Mayowa O., Panda-Jonas, Songhomitra, Kan, Fatemeh Pashazadeh, Pasovic, Maja, Patel, Urvish K., Pathak, Mona, Peres, Mario F. P., Perianayagam, Arokiasamy, Peterson, Carrie B., Phillips, Michael R., Pinheiro, Marina, Piradov, Michael A., Pond, Constance Dimity, Potashman, Michele H., Pottoo, Faheem Hyder, Prada, I, Sergio, Radfar, Amir, Raggi, Alberto, Rahim, Fakher, Rahman, Mosiur, Ram, Pradhum, Ranasinghe, Priyanga, Rawaf, David Laith, Rawaf, Salman, Rezaei, Nima, Rezapour, Aziz, Robinson, Stephen R., Romoli, Michele, Roshandel, Gholamreza, Sahathevan, Ramesh, Sahebkar, Amirhossein, Sahraian, Mohammad Ali, Sathian, Brijesh, Sattin, Davide, Sawhney, Monika, Saylan, Mete, Schiavolin, Silvia, Seylani, Allen, Sha, Feng, Shaikh, Masood Ali, Shaji, K. S., Shannawaz, Mohammed, Shetty, Jeevan K., Shigematsu, Mika, Shin, Jae Il, Shiri, Rahman, Santos Silva, Diego Augusto, Silva, Joao Pedro, Silva, Renata, Singh, Jasvinder A., Skryabin, Valentin Yurievich, Skryabina, Anna Aleksandrovna, Smith, Amanda E., Soshnikov, Sergey, Spurlock, Emma Elizabeth, Stein, Dan J., Sun, Jing, Tabares-Seisdedos, Rafael, Thakur, Bhaskar, Timalsina, Binod, Tovani-Palone, Marcos Roberto, Bach Xuan Tran, Tsegaye, Gebiyaw Wudie, Tahbaz, Sahel Valadan, Valdez, Pascual R., Venketasubramanian, Narayanaswamy, Vlassov, Vasily, Giang Thu Vu, Linh Gia Vu, Wang, Yuan-Pang, Wimo, Anders, Winkler, Andrea Sylvia, Yadav, Lalit, Jabbari, Seyed Hossein Yahyazadeh, Yamagishi, Kazumasa, Yang, Lin, Yano, Yuichiro, Yonemoto, Naohiro, Yu, Chuanhua, Yunusa, Ismaeel, Zadey, Siddhesh, Zastrozhin, Mikhail Sergeevich, Zastrozhina, Anasthasia, Zhang, Zhi-Jiang, Murray, Christopher J. L., Vos, Theo and GBD 2019 Dementia Forecasting Coll
Publicada:
1 feb 2022
Ahead of Print:
1 feb 2022
Categoría:
Public health, environmental and occupational health
Resumen:
Background Given the projected trends in population ageing and
population growth, the number of people with dementia is expected to
increase. In addition, strong evidence has emerged supporting the
importance of potentially modifiable risk factors for dementia.
Characterising the distribution and magnitude of anticipated growth is
crucial for public health planning and resource prioritisation. This
study aimed to improve on previous forecasts of dementia prevalence by
producing country-level estimates and incorporating information on
selected risk factors. Methods We forecasted the prevalence of dementia
attributable to the three dementia risk factors included in the Global
Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019 (high
body-mass index, high fasting plasma glucose, and smoking) from 2019 to
2050, using relative risks and forecasted risk factor prevalence to
predict GBD risk-attributable prevalence in 2050 globally and by world
region and country. Using linear regression models with education
included as an additional predictor, we then forecasted the prevalence
of dementia not attributable to GBD risks. To assess the relative
contribution of future trends in GBD risk factors, education, population
growth, and population ageing, we did a decomposition analysis. Findings
We estimated that the number of people with dementia would increase from
57middot4 (95% uncertainty interval 50middot4-65middot1) million cases
globally in 2019 to 152middot8 (130middot8-175middot9) million cases in
2050. Despite large increases in the projected number of people living
with dementia, age-standardised both-sex prevalence remained stable
between 2019 and 2050 (global percentage change of 0middot1%
[-7middot5 to 10middot8]). We estimated that there were more women
with dementia than men with dementia globally in 2019 (female-to-male
ratio of 1middot69 [1middot64-1middot73]), and we expect this pattern
to continue to 2050 (female-to-male ratio of 1middot67
[1middot52-1middot85]). There was geographical heterogeneity in the
projected increases across countries and regions, with the smallest
percentage changes in the number of projected dementia cases in
high-income Asia Pacific (53% [41-67]) and western Europe (74%
[58-90]), and the largest in north Africa and the Middle East (367%
[329-403]) and eastern sub-Saharan Africa (357% [323-395]).
Projected increases in cases could largely be attributed to population
growth and population ageing, although their relative importance varied
by world region, with population growth contributing most to the
increases in sub-Saharan Africa and population ageing contributing most
to the increases in east Asia. Interpretation Growth in the number of
individuals living with dementia underscores the need for public health
planning efforts and policy to address the needs of this group.
Country-level estimates can be used to inform national planning efforts
and decisions. Multifaceted approaches, including scaling up
interventions to address modifiable risk factors and investing in
research on biological mechanisms, will be key in addressing the
expected increases in the number of individuals affected by dementia.
Funding Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation and Gates Ventures. Copyright
(c) 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open
Access article under the CC BY 4.0 license.
Filiaciones:
Nichols, Emma:
Hay, Simon, I , Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98105 USA
Steinmetz, Jaimie D.:
Hay, Simon, I , Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98105 USA
Vollset, Stein Emil:
Hay, Simon, I , Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98105 USA
Univ Washington, Sch Med Prof, Dept Hlth Metr Sci, Seattle, WA USA
Fukutaki, Kai:
Hay, Simon, I , Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98105 USA
Chalek, Julian:
Hay, Simon, I , Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98105 USA
Abd-Allah, Foad:
El-Jaafary, Shaimaa, I Hegazy, Mohamed, I, Cairo Univ, Dept Neurol, Cairo, Egypt
Abdoli, Amir:
Jahrom Univ Med Sci, Zoonosis Res Ctr, Jahrom, Iran
Abu-Gharbieh, Eman:
Univ Sharjah, Clin Sci Dept, Sharjah, U Arab Emirates
Akram, Tayyaba Tayyaba:
Univ Sci Malaysia, Sch Math Sci, George Town, Malaysia
Al Hamad, Hanadi:
Hamad Med Corp, Geriatr & Long Term Care Dept, Doha, Qatar
Hamad Med Corp, Rumailah Hosp, Doha, Qatar
Alahdab, Fares:
Mayo Clinic Fdn Med Educ & Res, Mayo Evidence Based Practice Ctr, Rochester, MN USA
Alanezi, Fahad Mashhour:
Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal Univ, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
Alipour, Vahid:
Iran Univ Med Sci, Hlth Management & Econ Res Ctr, Tehran, Iran
Iran Univ Med Sci, Dept Hlth Econ, Tehran, Iran
Almustanyir, Sami:
Alfaisal Univ, Coll Med, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
Minist Hlth, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
Amu, Hubert:
Univ Hlth & Allied Sci, Dept Populat AndBehav Sci, Ho, Ghana
Ansari, Iman:
Shahed Univ, Med Students Res Comm, Tehran, Iran
Arabloo, Jalal:
Iran Univ Med Sci, Hlth Management & Econ Res Ctr, Tehran, Iran
Ashraf, Tahira:
Univ Lahore, Univ Inst Radiol Sci & Med Imaging Technol, Lahore, Pakistan
Astell-Burt, Thomas:
Univ Wollongong, Sch Hlth & Soc, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
Univ Sydney, Menzies Ctr Hlth Policy, Sydney, NSW, Australia
Ayano, Getinet:
Curtin Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Perth, WA, Australia
Ayuso-Mateos, Jose L.:
Autonomous Univ Madrid, Dept Psychiat, Madrid, Spain
Inst Hlth Carlos III, CIBERSAM, Madrid, Spain
Baig, Atif Amin:
Univ Sultan Zainal Abidin, Unit Biochem, Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia
Barnett, Anthony:
Australian Catholic Univ, Mary Mackillop Inst Hlth Res, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
Barrow, Amadou:
Univ Gambia, Dept Publ & Environm Hlth, Brikama, Gambia
Minist Hlth, Epidemiol & Dis Control Unit, Kotu, Gambia
Baune, Bernhard T.:
Univ Munster, Dept Psychiat, Munster, Germany
Melbourne Med Sch, Dept Psychiat, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
Bejot, Yannick:
Univ Hosp Dijon, Dept Neurol, Dijon, France
Univ Burgundy, UFR Sci Sante, Dijon Stroke Registry, Dijon, France
Bezabhe, Woldesellassie M. Mequanint:
Univ Tasmania, Hobart, Vic, Australia
Bahir Dar Univ, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
Bezabih, Yihienew Mequanint:
Bahir Dar Univ, Dept Internal Med, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
Univ Nantes, One Hlth, Nantes, France
Bhagavathula, Akshaya Srikanth:
Charles Univ Prague, Dept Social & Clin Pharm, Hradec Kralova, Czech Republic
United Arab Emirates Univ, Inst Publ Hlth, Al Ain, U Arab Emirates
Bhaskar, Sonu:
NSW Brain Clot Bank, Neurovasc Imaging Lab, Sydney, NSW, Australia
South West Sydney Local Heath Dist, Dept Neurol & Neurophysiol, Sydney, NSW, Australia
Liverpool Hosp, Sydney, NSW, Australia
Bhattacharyya, Krittika:
Natl Inst Biomed Genom, Dept Stat & Computat Genom, Kalyani, W Bengal, India
Univ Calcutta, Dept Stat, Kolkata, India
Bijani, Ali:
Babol Univ Med Sci, Social Determinants Hlth Res Ctr, Babol, Iran
Biswas, Atanu:
Inst Postgrad Med Educ & Res, Dept Neurol, Kolkata, India
Seth Sukhlal Karnani Mem Hosp, Kolkata, India
Bolla, Srinivasa Rao:
Nazarbayev Univ, Dept Biomed Sci, Nur Sultan City, Kazakhstan
Boloor, Archith:
Manipal Acad Higher Educ, Dept Internal Med, Mangalore, India
Brayne, Carol:
Univ Cambridge, Dept Publ Hlth & Primary Care, Cambridge, England
Brenner, Hermann:
German Canc Res Ctr, Div Clin Epidemiol & Aging Res, Heidelberg, Germany
Burkart, Katrin:
Hay, Simon, I , Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98105 USA
Univ Washington, Sch Med Prof, Dept Hlth Metr Sci, Seattle, WA USA
Burns, Richard A.:
Australian Natl Univ, Res Sch Populat Hlth, Canberra, ACT, Australia
Camera, Luis Alberto:
Hosp Italiano Buenos Aires, Internal Med Dept, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina
Argentine Soc Med, Board Directors, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina
Cao, Chao:
Washington Univ, Program Phys Therapy, St Louis, MO 63110 USA
Carvalho, Felix:
Univ Porto, Res Unit Appl Mol Biosci UCIBIO, Porto, Portugal
Castro-de-Araujo, Luis F. S.:
Univ Melbourne, Sch Hlth Sci, Dept Psychiat, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
Catala-Lopez, Ferran:
Inst Hlth Carlos III, Natl Sch Publ Hlth, Madrid, Spain
Ottawa Hosp Res Inst, Clin Epidemiol Program, Ottawa, ON, Canada
Cerin, Ester:
Australian Catholic Univ, Mary Mackillop Inst Hlth Res, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
Univ Hong Kong, Sch Publ Hlth, Hong Kong, Peoples R China
Chavan, Prachi P.:
Univ Buffalo, Dept Epidemiol & Environm Hlth, Buffalo, NY USA
Cherbuin, Nicolas:
Australian Natl Univ, Res Sch Populat Hlth, Canberra, ACT, Australia
Chu, Dinh-Toi:
VNU Int Sch, Ctr Biomed & Community Hlth, Hanoi, Vietnam
Costa, Vera Marisa:
Univ Porto, Res Unit Appl Mol Biosci UCIBIO, Porto, Portugal
Couto, Rosa A. S.:
Univ Porto, Dept Chem Sci, Porto, Portugal
Dadras, Omid:
Walailak Univ, Sch Publ Hlth Dadras DrPH, Nakhonsi Thammarat, Thailand
Kyoto Univ, Grad Sch Med, Kyoto, Japan
Dai, Xiaochen:
Hay, Simon, I , Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98105 USA
Dandona, Lalit:
Hay, Simon, I , Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98105 USA
Publ Hlth Fdn India, Gurugram, India
Indian Council Med Res, New Delhi, India
Dandona, Rakhi:
Hay, Simon, I , Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98105 USA
Univ Washington, Sch Med Prof, Dept Hlth Metr Sci, Seattle, WA USA
Publ Hlth Fdn India, Gurugram, India
De La Cruz-Gongora, Vanessa:
Natl Inst Publ Hlth, Ctr Evaluat & Surveys Res, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
Dhamnetiya, Deepak:
Dr Baba Saheb Ambedkar Med Coll & Hosp, Dept Community Med, Delhi, India
da Silva, Diana Dias:
Univ Porto, Lab Toxicol, Porto, Portugal
Diaz, Daniel:
Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Ctr Complex Sci, Mexico City, DF, Mexico
Autonomous Univ Sinaloa, Fac Vet Med & Zootech, Culiacan, Sinaloa, Mexico
Douiri, Abdel:
Kings Coll London, Sch Populat Hlth & Environm Sci, London, England
Edvardsson, David:
La Trobe Univ, Sch Nursing & Midwifery, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
Umea Univ, Dept Nursing, Umea, Sweden
Ekholuenetale, Michael:
Univ Ibadan, Dept Epidemiol & Med Stat, Ibadan, Nigeria
Univ Ibadan, Fac Publ Hlth, Ibadan, Nigeria
El Sayed, Iman:
Alexandria Univ, Biomed Informat & Med Stat Dept, Alexandria, Egypt
Eskandari, Khalil:
Kerman Univ Med Sci, Dept Med Chem, Kerman, Iran
Kerman Univ Med Sci, Pharmaceut Res Ctr, Kerman, Iran
Eskandarieh, Sharareh:
Univ Tehran Med Sci, Multiple Sclerosis Res Ctr, Tehran, Iran
Esmaeilnejad, Saman:
Tarbiat Modares Univ, Dept Physiol, Tehran, Iran
Islamic Azad Univ, Tehran Med Sci Branch, Tehran, Iran
Fares, Jawad:
Northwestern Univ, Dept Neurol Surg, Chicago, IL USA
Faro, Andre:
Univ Fed Sergipe, Dept Psychol, Sao Cristovao, Brazil
Farooque, Umar:
Dow Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Internal Med, Karachi, Pakistan
Feigin, Valery L.:
Hay, Simon, I , Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98105 USA
Auckland Univ Technol, Natl Inst Stroke & Appl Neurosci, Auckland, New Zealand
Res Ctr Neurol, Moscow, Russia
Feng, Xiaoqi:
Univ New South Wales, Sch Populat Hlth, Sydney, NSW, Australia
Chinese Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Inst Environm Hlth, Beijing, Peoples R China
Fereshtehnejad, Seyed-Mohammad:
Karolinska Inst, Dept Neurobiol, Stockholm, Sweden
Univ Ottawa, Div Neurol, Ottawa, ON, Canada
Fernandes, Eduarda:
Univ Porto, Associated Lab Green Chem LAQV, Porto, Portugal
Ferrara, Pietro:
Univ Milano Bicocca, Res Ctr Publ Hlth, Monza, Italy
Filip, Irina:
Kaiser Permanente, Psychiat Dept, Fontana, CA USA
AT Still Univ, Sch Hlth Sci, Mesa, AZ USA
Fillit, Howard:
Alzheimers Drug Discovery Fdn, New York, NY USA
Icahn Sch Med Mt Sinai, Dept Geriatr Med, New York, NY 10029 USA
Fischer, Florian:
Ravensburg Weingarten Univ Appl Sci, Inst Gerontol Hlth Serv & Nursing Res, Weingarten, Germany
Gaidhane, Shilpa:
Datta Meghe Inst Med Sci, Dept Med, Wardha, India
Galluzzo, Lucia:
Italian Natl Hlth Inst, Dept Cardiovasc Endocrine Metab Dis & Aging, Rome, Italy
Ghashghaee, Ahmad:
Iran Univ Med Sci, Hlth Management & Econ Res Ctr, Tehran, Iran
Iran Univ Med Sci, Student Res Comm, Tehran, Iran
Ghith, Nermin:
Tech Univ Denmark, Res Grp Gen Epidemiol, Copenhagen, Denmark
Gialluisi, Alessandro:
IRCCS Neuromed, Dept Epidemiol & Prevent, Pozzilli, Italy
Gilani, Syed Amir:
Univ Lahore, Fac Allied Hlth Sci, Lahore, Pakistan
Afro Asian Inst, Lahore, Pakistan
Glavan, Ionela-Roxana:
Bucharest Univ Econ Studies, Dept Stat & Econometr, Bucharest, Romania
Golechha, Mahaveer:
Indian Inst Publ Hlth, Hlth Syst & Policy Res, Gandhinagar, India
Gupta, Rajeev:
Eternal Heart Care Ctr & Res Inst, Dept Prevent Cardiol, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
Mahatma Gandhi Univ Med Sci, Dept Med, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
Gupta, Veer Bala:
Deakin Univ, Sch Med, Geelong, Vic, Australia
Gupta, Vivek Kumar:
Deakin Univ, Sch Med, Geelong, Vic, Australia
Macquarie Univ, Dept Clin Med, Sydney, NSW, Australia
Haider, Mohammad Rifat:
Ohio Univ, Dept Social & Publ Hlth, Athens, OH USA
Hall, Brian J.:
NYU Shanghai, Shanghai, Peoples R China
Hamidi, Samer:
Hamdan Bin Mohammed Smart Univ, Sch Hlth & Environm Studies, Dubai, U Arab Emirates
Hanif, Asif:
Univ Lahore, Univ Inst Publ Hlth, Lahore, Pakistan
Hankey, Graeme J.:
Univ Western Australia, Med Sch, Perth, WA, Australia
Sir Charles Gairdner Hosp, Dept Neurol, Perth, WA, Australia
Haque, Shafiul:
Jazan Univ, Res & Sci Studies Unit, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
Hartono, Risky Kusuma:
Indonesian Adv Coll Hlth Sci, Inst Publ Hlth Sci, Jakarta, Indonesia
Hasan, M. Tasdik:
Univ Liverpool, Dept Primary Care & Mental Hlth, Liverpool, Merseyside, England
Hassan, Amr:
El-Jaafary, Shaimaa, I Hegazy, Mohamed, I, Cairo Univ, Dept Neurol, Cairo, Egypt
Hayat, Khezar:
Univ Vet & Anim Sci, Inst Pharmaceut Sci, Lahore, Pakistan
Xi An Jiao Tong Univ, Dept Pharm Adm & Clin Pharm, Xian, Peoples R China
Heidari-Soureshjani, Reza:
Univ Tehran Med Sci, Sch Nursing & Midwifery, Tehran, Iran
Herteliu, Claudiu:
Bucharest Univ Econ Studies, Dept Stat & Econometr, Bucharest, Romania
London South Bank Univ, Sch Business, London, England
Househ, Mowafa:
Hamad Bin Khalifa Univ, Coll Sci & Engn, Doha, Qatar
Hussain, Rabia:
Univ Sci Malaysia, Sch Pharmaceut Sci, George Town, Malaysia
Hwang, Bing-Fang:
China Med Univ, Dept Occupat Safety & Hlth, Taichung, Taiwan
Iacoviello, Licia:
IRCCS Neuromed, Dept Epidemiol & Prevent, Pozzilli, Italy
Univ Insubria, Res Ctr Epidemiol & Prevent Med EPIMED, Varese, Italy
Iavicoli, Ivo:
Univ Naples Federico II, Dept Publ Hlth, Naples, Italy
Ilesanmi, Olayinka Stephen:
Univ Ibadan, Dept Community Med, Ibadan, Nigeria
Univ Coll Hosp, Dept Community Med, Ibadan, Nigeria
Ilic, Irena M.:
Univ Belgrade, Fac Med, Belgrade, Serbia
Ilic, Milena D.:
Univ Kragujevac, Dept Epidemiol, Kragujevac, Serbia
Iso, Hiroyasu:
Osaka Univ, Publ Hlth Dept Social Med, Suita, Osaka, Japan
Iwagami, Masao:
Univ Tsukuba, Dept Hlth Serv Res, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, Dept Non Communicable Dis Epidemiol, London, England
Jabbarinejad, Roxana:
Univ Tehran Med Sci, Dept Psychiat, Tehran, Iran
Northwestern Univ, Dept Phys Med & Rehabil, Chicago, IL USA
Jacob L.:
Biomed Res Networking Ctr Mental Hlth Network Cib, Res & Dev Unit, St Boi De Llobregat, Spain
Univ Versailles St Quentin En Yvelines, Fac Med, Montigny Le Bretonneux, France
Jain, Vardhmaan:
Cleveland Clin, Dept Internal Med, Cleveland, OH USA
Jayapal, Sathish Kumar:
Minist Hlth, Ctr Studies & Res, Muscat, Oman
Jayawardena, Ranil:
Univ Colombo, Dept Physiol, Colombo, Sri Lanka
Queensland Univ Technol, Sch Exercise & Nutr Sci, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
Jha, Ravi Prakash:
Dr Baba Saheb Ambedkar Med Coll & Hosp, Dept Community Med, Delhi, India
Banaras Hindu, Dept Community Med, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
Jonas, Jost B.:
Heidelberg Univ, Dept Ophthalmol, Heidelberg, Germany
Beijing Tongren Hosp, Beijing Inst Ophthalmol, Beijing, Peoples R China
Joseph, Nitin:
Manipal Acad Higher Educ, Dept Community Med, Mangalore, India
Kalani, Rizwan:
Univ Washington, Dept Neurol, Seattle, WA USA
Kandel, Amit:
Univ Buffalo, Dept Neurol, Buffalo, NY USA
Kandel, Himal:
Univ Sydney, Save Sight Inst, Sydney, NSW, Australia
South Eastern Sydney Local Hlth Dist, Sydney Eye Hosp, Sydney, NSW, Australia
Karch, Andre:
Univ Munster, Inst Epidemiol & Social Med, Munster, Germany
Kasa, Ayele Semachew:
Bahir Dar Univ, Dept Adult Hlth Nursing, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
Kassie, Gizat M.:
Univ South Australia, Qual Use Med & Pharm Res Ctr, Adelaide, SA, Australia
Keshavarz, Pedram:
Univ Georgia, Sch Sci & Technol, Tbilisi, Georgia
New Hosp LTD, Dept Diagnost & Intervent Radiol, Tbilisi, Georgia
Khan, Moien A. B.:
United Arab Emirates Univ, Family Med Dept, Al Ain, U Arab Emirates
NHS North West London, Primary Care Dept, London, England
Khatib, Mahalaqua Nazli:
Datta Meghe Inst Med Sci, Global Evidence Synth Initiat, Wardha, India
Khoja, Tawfik Ahmed Muthafer:
Gulf Cooperat Council States, Execut Board Hlth Ministers, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
Khubchandani, Jagdish:
New Mexico State Univ, Dept Publ Hlth, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA
Kim, Min Seo:
Samsung Adv Inst Hlth Sci & Technol SAIHST, Dept Genom & Digital Hlth, Seoul, South Korea
Minist Hlth & Welf, Publ Hlth Ctr, Wando, South Korea
Kim, Yun Jin:
Xiamen Univ Malaysia, Sch Tradit Chinese Med, Sepang, Malaysia
Kisa, Adnan:
Kristiania Univ Coll, Sch Hlth Sci, Oslo, Norway
Tulane Univ, Dept Global Community Hlth & Behav Sci, New Orleans, LA USA
Kisa, Sezer:
Oslo Metropolitan Univ, Dept Nursing & Hlth Promot, Oslo, Norway
Kivimaki, Mika:
UCL, Dept Epidemiol & Publ Hlth, London, England
Univ Helsinki, Dept Publ Hlth, Helsinki, Finland
Koroshetz, Walter J.:
NINDS, NIH, Bethesda, MD USA
Koyanagi A:
Catalan Inst Res & Adv Studies ICREA, Barcelona, Spain
Kumar, G. Anil:
Publ Hlth Fdn India, Gurugram, India
Kumar, Manasi:
UCL, Div Psychol & Language Sci, London, England
Univ Nairobi, Dept Psychiat, Nairobi, Kenya
Lak, Hassan Mehmood:
Cleveland Clin, Dept Internal Med, Cleveland, OH USA
Leonardi, Matilde:
Fdn IRCCS Ist Neurol Carlo Besta, Neurol Publ Hlth & Disabil Unit, Carlo Besta Neurol Inst, UO Neurol Salute Pubbl & Disabil, Milan, Italy
Li, Bingyu:
Shenzhen Univ, Dept Sociol, Shenzhen, Peoples R China
Lim, Stephen S.:
Hay, Simon, I , Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98105 USA
Univ Washington, Sch Med Prof, Dept Hlth Metr Sci, Seattle, WA USA
Liu, Xuefeng:
Cleveland Clin, Lerner Res Inst, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA
Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Quantitat Hlth Sci, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA
Liu, Yuewei:
Sun Yat Sen Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Guangzhou, Peoples R China
Logroscino, Giancarlo:
Univ Bari Aldo Moro, Dept Basic Med Sci Neurosci & Sense Organs, Bari, Italy
Fdn Cardinale Giovanni Panico Hosp, Dept Clin Res Neurol, Tricase, Italy
Lorkowski, Stefan:
Friedrich Schiller Univ Jena, Inst Nutr Sci, Jena, Germany
Competence Cluster Nutr & Cardiovasc Hlth nutriCA, Jena, Germany
Lucchetti, Giancarlo:
Univ Fed Juiz de Fora, Sch Med, Juiz De Fora, Brazil
Saute, Ricardo Lutzky:
Univ Sao Paulo, Dept Neurosci & Behav Sci, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
Magnani, Francesca Giulia:
Fdn IRCCS Ist Neurol Carlo Besta, Neurol Publ Hlth & Disabil Unit, Carlo Besta Neurol Inst, UO Neurol Salute Pubbl & Disabil, Milan, Italy
Malik, Ahmad Azam:
Univ Lahore, Univ Inst Publ Hlth, Lahore, Pakistan
King Abdulaziz Univ, Rabigh Fac Med, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
Massano, Joao:
Univ Porto, Dept Clin Neurosci & Mental Hlth, Porto, Portugal
Univ Hosp Ctr Sao Joao, Dept Neurol, Porto, Portugal
Mehndiratta, Man Mohan:
Janakpuri Super Specialty Hosp Soc, Neurol Dept, New Delhi, India
Govind Ballabh Inst Med Educ & Res, Dept Neurol, New Delhi, India
Menezes, Ritesh G.:
Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal Univ, Forens Med Div, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
Meretoja, Atte:
Univ Melbourne, Sch Hlth Sci, Dept Psychiat, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
Helsinki Univ Hosp, Neurol Unit, Helsinki, Finland
Mohajer, Bahram:
Univ Tehran Med Sci, Noncommunicable Dis Res Ctr, Tehran, Iran
Ibrahim, Norlinah Mohamed:
Natl Univ Malaysia Med Ctr, Dept Med, Bandar Tun Razak, Malaysia
Mohammad, Yousef:
King Saud Univ, Internal Med Dept, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
Mohammed, Arif:
Univ Jeddah, Dept Biol, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
Mokdad, Ali H.:
Hay, Simon, I , Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98105 USA
Univ Washington, Sch Med Prof, Dept Hlth Metr Sci, Seattle, WA USA
Mondello, Stefania:
Messina Univ, Dept Biomed & Dent Sci & Morphofunct Imaging, Messina, Italy
Moni, Mohammad Ali:
Pabna Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, Pabna, Bangladesh
Moniruzzaman, Md:
Univ Queensland, Mater Res Inst, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
Mossie, Tilahun Belete:
Bahir Dar Univ, Dept Psychiat, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
Nagel, Gabriele:
Ulm Univ, Inst Epidemiol & Med Biometry, Ulm, Germany
Naveed, Muhammad:
Univ Cent Punjab, Dept Biotechnol, Lahore, Pakistan
Nayak, Vinod C.:
Manipal Acad Higher Educ, Dept Forens Med & Toxicol, Manipal, Karnataka, India
Kandel, Sandhya Neupane:
Estia Hlth, Estia Hlth Blakehurst, Sydney, NSW, Australia
Nguyen, Trang Huyen:
Duy Tan Univ, Inst Global Hlth Innovat, Da Nang, Vietnam
Duy Tan Univ, Fac Med, Da Nang, Vietnam
Oancea, Bogdan:
Univ Bucharest, Adm & Econ Sci Dept, Bucharest, Romania
Otstavnov, Stanislav S.:
Moscow Inst Phys & Technol, Lab Publ Hlth Indicators Anal & Hlth Digitalizat, Dolgoprudnyi, Russia
Natl Res Univ Higher Sch Econ, Dept Project Management, Moscow, Russia
Owolabi, Mayowa O.:
Univ Ibadan, Dept Med, Ibadan, Nigeria
Univ Coll Hosp, Dept Med, Ibadan, Nigeria
Panda-Jonas, Songhomitra:
Heidelberg Univ, Dept Ophthalmol, Heidelberg, Germany
Kan, Fatemeh Pashazadeh:
Iran Univ Med Sci, Tehran, Iran
Pasovic, Maja:
Hay, Simon, I , Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98105 USA
Patel, Urvish K.:
Icahn Sch Med Mt Sinai, Dept Neurol & Publ Hlth, New York, NY 10029 USA
Pathak, Mona:
Kalinga Inst Med Sci, Res & Dev Dept, Bhubaneswar, India
Peres, Mario F. P.:
Albert Einstein Hosp, Int Inst Educ Planning IIEP, Sao Paulo, Brazil
Perianayagam, Arokiasamy:
Int Inst Populat Sci, Dept Dev Studies, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
Peterson, Carrie B.:
Gerontol Dementia & Digital Hlth, Copenhagen, Denmark
Phillips, Michael R.:
Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Shanghai Mental Hlth Ctr, Shanghai, Peoples R China
Columbia Univ, Dept Psychiat, New York, NY USA
Pinheiro, Marina:
Univ Porto, Dept Chem, Porto, Portugal
Piradov, Michael A.:
Res Ctr Neurol, Moscow, Russia
Biomed Res Networking Ctr Mental Hlth Network CIB, San Juan de Dios Sanit Pk, St Boi Llobregat, Spain
Pond, Constance Dimity:
Univ Newcastle, Discipline Gen Practice, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
Potashman, Michele H.:
Biogen Inc, Value & Access Program, 14 Cambridge Ctr, Cambridge, MA 02142 USA
Pottoo, Faheem Hyder:
Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal Univ, Dept Pharmacol, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
Radfar, Amir:
Univ Cent Florida, Coll Med, Orlando, FL 32816 USA
Raggi, Alberto:
Fdn IRCCS Ist Neurol Carlo Besta, Neurol Publ Hlth & Disabil Unit, Carlo Besta Neurol Inst, UO Neurol Salute Pubbl & Disabil, Milan, Italy
Rahim, Fakher:
Univ Tehran Med Sci, Metabol & Genom Res Ctr, Tehran, Iran
Rahman, Mosiur:
Univ Rajshahi, Dept Populat Sci & Human Resource Dev, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
Ram, Pradhum:
Emory Univ, Dept Cardiol, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA
Ranasinghe, Priyanga:
Univ Colombo, Dept Pharmacol, Colombo, Sri Lanka
Rawaf, David Laith:
Imperial Coll London, WHO Collaborating Ctr ForPubl Hlth Educ & Trainin, London, England
Univ Coll London Hosp, London 201, England
Rawaf, Salman:
Imperial Coll London, Dept Primary Care & Publ Hlth, London, England
Publ Hlth England, Acad Publ Hlth England, London, England
Rezaei, Nima:
Univ Tehran Med Sci, Res Ctr Immunodeficiencies, Tehran, Iran
Universal Sci Educ & Res Network USERN, Network Immun Infect Malignancy & Autoimmun NIIMA, Tehran, Iran
Rezapour, Aziz:
Iran Univ Med Sci, Hlth Management & Econ Res Ctr, Tehran, Iran
Robinson, Stephen R.:
RMIT Univ, Dept Psychol, Bundoora, Vic, Australia
Romoli, Michele:
Maurizio Bufalini Hosp, Cesena, Italy
Roshandel, Gholamreza:
Golestan Univ Med Sci, Golestan Res Ctr Gastroenterol & Hepatol GRCGH, Gorgan, Golestan, Iran
Sahathevan, Ramesh:
Univ Melbourne, Sch Hlth Sci, Dept Psychiat, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
Ballarat Hlth Serv, Internal Med Serv, Ballarat, Vic, Australia
Sahebkar, Amirhossein:
Mashhad Univ Med Sci, Appl Biomed Res Ctr, Mashhad, Razavi Khorasan, Iran
Mashhad Univ Med Sci, Biotechnol Res Ctr, Mashhad, Razavi Khorasan, Iran
Sahraian, Mohammad Ali:
Univ Tehran Med Sci, Multiple Sclerosis Res Ctr, Tehran, Iran
Sathian, Brijesh:
Hamad Med Corp, Geriatr & Long Term Care Dept, Doha, Qatar
Bournemouth Univ, Fac Hlth & Social Sci, Bournemouth, Dorset, England
Sattin, Davide:
Fdn IRCCS Ist Neurol Carlo Besta, Neurol Publ Hlth & Disabil Unit, Carlo Besta Neurol Inst, UO Neurol Salute Pubbl & Disabil, Milan, Italy
Sawhney, Monika:
Univ North Carolina Charlotte, Dept Publ Hlth Sci, Charlotte, NC USA
Saylan, Mete:
Bayer, Market Access, Istanbul, Turkey
Schiavolin, Silvia:
Fdn IRCCS Ist Neurol Carlo Besta, Neurol Publ Hlth & Disabil Unit, Carlo Besta Neurol Inst, UO Neurol Salute Pubbl & Disabil, Milan, Italy
Seylani, Allen:
NHLBI, NIH, Rockville, MD USA
Sha, Feng:
Shenzhen Inst Adv Technol, Ctr Biomed Informat Technol, Shenzhen, Peoples R China
Shaji, K. S.:
Kerala Univ Hlth Sci, Med Coll, Trichur, India
Shannawaz, Mohammed:
Symbiosis Int Univ, Symbiosis Med Coll Women, Pune, Maharashtra, India
Shetty, Jeevan K.:
Perdana Univ, Kaula Lumpur, Malaysia
Perdana Univ, Royal Coll Surg, Ireland Sch Med, Kaula Lumpur, Malaysia
Shigematsu, Mika:
Natl Inst Infect Dis, Tokyo, Japan
Shin, Jae Il:
Yonsei Univ, Coll Med, Seoul, South Korea
Shiri, Rahman:
Finnish Inst Occupat Hlth, Helsinki, Finland
Santos Silva, Diego Augusto:
Univ Fed Santa Catarina, Dept Phys Educ, Florianopolis, SC, Brazil
Silva, Joao Pedro:
Univ Porto, Res Unit Appl Mol Biosci UCIBIO, Porto, Portugal
Silva, Renata:
Univ Porto, Dept Biol Sci, Porto, Portugal
Singh, Jasvinder A.:
Univ Alabama Birmingham, Sch Med, Birmingham, AL USA
US Dept Vet Affairs VA, Med Serv, Birmingham, AL USA
Skryabin, Valentin Yurievich:
Moscow Res & Pract Ctr Addict, Dept 16, Moscow, Russia
Skryabina, Anna Aleksandrovna:
Balashiha Cent Hosp, Therapeut Dept, Balashikha, Russia
Smith, Amanda E.:
Hay, Simon, I , Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98105 USA
Soshnikov, Sergey:
Sechenov First Moscow State Med Univ, Inst Leadership & Hlth Management, Moscow, Russia
Moscow Inst Phys & Technol, Lab Publ Hlth Indicators Anal & Hlth Digitalizat, Moscow, Russia
Spurlock, Emma Elizabeth:
Hay, Simon, I , Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98105 USA
Stein, Dan J.:
South African Med Res Council, Risk & Resilience Mental Disorders Unit, Cape Town, South Africa
Sun, Jing:
Griffith Univ, Sch Med, Gold Coast, Qld, Australia
Univ Technol Sydney, Sch Comp Sci, Sydney, NSW, Australia
Tabares-Seisdedos, Rafael:
Univ Valencia, Dept Med, Valencia, Spain
Carlos III Hlth Inst, Biomed Res Networking Ctr Mental Hlth Network Cib, Madrid, Spain
Thakur, Bhaskar:
Texas Tech Univ, Div Biostat & Epidemiol, Hlth Sci Ctr, El Paso, TX USA
Timalsina, Binod:
Dongguk Univ, Dept Anat, Geongju Si, South Korea
Tovani-Palone, Marcos Roberto:
Univ Sao Paulo, Dept Pathol & Legal Med, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
Modestum LTD, London, England
Bach Xuan Tran:
Hanoi Med Univ, Dept Hlth Econ, Hanoi, Vietnam
Tsegaye, Gebiyaw Wudie:
Bahir Dar Univ, Coll Med & Hlth Sci, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
Tahbaz, Sahel Valadan:
Islamic Azad Univ, Dept Microbiol, Tehran, Iran
Milad Gen Hosp, Clin Canc Res Ctr, Tehran, Iran
Valdez, Pascual R.:
Argentine Soc Med, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina
Velez Sarsfield Hosp, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina
Venketasubramanian, Narayanaswamy:
Raffles Hosp, Raffles Neurosci Ctr, Singapore, Singapore
Natl Univ Singapore, Yong Loo Lin Sch Med, Singapore, Singapore
Vlassov, Vasily:
Natl Res Univ Higher Sch Econ, Dept Hlth Care Adm & Econ, Moscow, Russia
Giang Thu Vu:
Nguyen Tat Thanh Univ, Ctr Excellence Behav Med, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
Linh Gia Vu:
Duy Tan Univ, Inst Global Hlth Innovat, Da Nang, Vietnam
Duy Tan Univ, Fac Med, Da Nang, Vietnam
Wang, Yuan-Pang:
Univ Sao Paulo, Dept Psychiat, Sao Paulo, Brazil
Wimo, Anders:
Karolinska Inst, Dept Neurobiol Care Sci & Soc, Solna, Sweden
Winkler, Andrea Sylvia:
Univ Oslo, Inst Hlth & Soc, Oslo, Norway
Tech Univ Munich, Dept Neurol, Munich, Germany
Yadav, Lalit:
Univ Adelaide, Adelaide Med Sch, Adelaide, SA, Australia
George Inst Global Hlth, Res & Dev Div, New Delhi, India
Jabbari, Seyed Hossein Yahyazadeh:
Milad Gen Hosp, Clin Canc Res Ctr, Tehran, Iran
Yamagishi, Kazumasa:
Osaka Univ, Grad Sch Med, Suita, Osaka, Japan
Univ Tsukuba, Res & Dev Ctr Hlth Serv, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
Yang, Lin:
Alberta Hlth Serv, Canc Epidemiol & Prevent Res, Calgary, BC, Canada
Univ Calgary, Dept Oncol, Calgary, AB, Canada
Univ Calgary, Dept Community Hlth Sci, Calgary, AB, Canada
Yano, Yuichiro:
Duke Univ, Dept Family Med & Community Hlth, Durham, IL USA
Yonemoto, Naohiro:
Natl Ctr Neurol & Psychiat, Dept Neuropsychopharmacol, Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan
Juntendo Univ, Dept Publ Hlth, Tokyo, Japan
Yu, Chuanhua:
Wuhan Univ, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, Wuhan, Peoples R China
Yunusa, Ismaeel:
Univ South Carolina, Dept Clin Pharm & Outcomes Sci, Columbia, SC USA
Zadey, Siddhesh:
Duke Univ, Duke Global Hlth Inst, Durham, NC USA
Zastrozhin, Mikhail Sergeevich:
Moscow Res & Pract Ctr Addict, Lab Genet & Genom, Moscow, Russia
Russian Med Acad Continuous Profess Educ, Addictol Dept, Moscow, Russia
Zastrozhina, Anasthasia:
Russian Med Acad Continuous Profess Educ, Pediat Dept, Moscow, Russia
Zhang, Zhi-Jiang:
Wuhan Univ, Sch Med, Wuhan, Peoples R China
Murray, Christopher J. L.:
Hay, Simon, I , Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98105 USA
Univ Washington, Sch Med Prof, Dept Hlth Metr Sci, Seattle, WA USA
Vos, Theo:
Univ Washington, Sch Med Prof, Dept Hlth Metr Sci, Seattle, WA USA
Green Published, Green Accepted
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