Health sector spending and spending on HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, and malaria, and development assistance for health: progress towards Sustainable Development Goal 3
Por:
Micah, Angela E., Su, Yanfang, Bachmeier, Steven D., Chapin, Abigail, Cogswell, Ian E., Crosby, Sawyer W., Cunningham, Brandon, Harle, Anton C., Maddison, Emilie R., Moitra, Modhurima, Sahu, Maitreyi, Schneider, Matthew T., Simpson, Kyle E., Stutzman, Hayley N., Tsakalos, Golsum, Zende, Rahul R., Zlavog, Bianca S., Abbafati, Cristiana, Abebo, Zeleke Hailemariam, Abolhassani, Hassan, Abrigo, Michael R. M., Ahmed, Muktar Beshir, Akinyemi, Rufus Olusola, Alam, Khurshid, Ali, Saqib, Alinia, Cyrus, Alipour, Vahid, Aljunid, Syed Mohamed, Almasi, Ali, Alvis-Guzman, Nelson, Ancuceanu, Robert, Andrei, Tudorel, Andrei, Catalina Liliana, Anjomshoa, Mina, Antonio, Carl Abelardo T., Arabloo, Jalal, Arab-Zozani, Morteza, Aremu, Olatunde, Atnafu, Desta Debalkie, Ausloos, Marcel, Avila-Burgos, Leticia, Ayanore, Martin Amogre, Azari, Samad, Babalola, Tesleem Kayode, Bagherzadeh, Mojtaba, Baig, Atif Amin, Bakhtiari, Ahad, Banach, Maciej, Banerjee, Srikanta K., Barnighausen, Till Winfried, Basu, Sanjay, Baune, Bernhard T., Bayati, Mohsen, Berman, Adam E., Bhageerathy, Reshmi, Bhardwaj, Pankaj, Bohluli, Mehdi, Busse, Reinhard, Cahuana-Hurtado, Lucero, Camera, Luis L. A. Alberto, Castaneda-Orjuela, Carlos A., Catala-Lopez, Ferran, Cevik, Muge, Chattu, Vijay Kumar, Dandona, Lalit, Dandona, Rakhi, Dianatinasab, Mostafa, Hoa Thi Do, Doshmangir, Leila, El Tantawi, Maha, Eskandarieh, Sharareh, Esmaeilzadeh, Firooz, Faraj, Anwar, Farzadfar, Farshad, Fischer, Florian, Foigt, Nataliya A., Fullman, Nancy, Gad, Mohamed M., Ghafourifard, Mansour, Ghashghaee, Ahmad, Gholamian, Asadollah, Goharinezhad, Salime, Grada, Ayman, Bidgoli, Hassan Haghparast, Hamidi, Samer, Harb, Hilda L., Hasanpoor, Edris, Hay, Simon I., Hendrie, Delia, Henry, Nathaniel J., Herteliu, Claudiu, Hole, Michael K., Hosseinzadeh, Mehdi, Hostiuc, Sorin, Huda, Tanvir M., Humayun, Ayesha, Hwang, Bing-Fang, Ilesanmi, Olayinka Stephen, Iqbal, Usman, Irvani, Seyed Sina, Islam, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful, Islam, M. Mofizul, Jahani, Mohammad Ali, Jakovljevic, Mihajlo, James, Spencer L., Javaheri, Zohre, Jonas, Jost B., Joukar, Farahnaz, Jozwiak, Jacek Jerzy, Jurisson, Mikk, Kalhor, Rohollah, Matin, Behzad Karami, Karimi, Salah Eddin, Kayode, Gbenga A., Karyani, Ali Kazemi, Kinfu, Yohannes, Kisa, Adnan, Kohler, Stefan, Komaki, Hamidreza, Kosen, Soewarta, Kotlo, Anirudh, Koyanagi A, Kumar, G. Anil, Kusuma, Dian, Lansingh, Van C., Larsson, Anders O., Lasrado, Savita, Lee, Shaun Wen Huey, Lim, Lee-Ling, Lozano, Rafael, Abd El Razek, Hassan Magdy, Mahdavi, Mokhtar Mahdavi, Maleki, Shokofeh, Malekzadeh, Reza, Mansour-Ghanaei, Fariborz, Mansournia, Mohammad Ali, Mantovani, Lorenzo Giovanni, Martinez, Gabriel, Masoumi, Seyedeh Zahra, Massenburg, Benjamin Ballard, Menezes, Ritesh G., Mengesha, Endalkachew Worku, Meretoja, Tuomo J., Meretoja, Atte, Mestrovic, Tomislav, Kostova, Neda Milevska, Miller, Ted R., Mirica, Andreea, Mirrakhimov, Erkin M., Moghadaszadeh, Masoud, Mohajer, Bahram, Mohamadi, Efat, Darwesh, Aso Mohammad, Mohammadian-Hafshejani, Abdollah, Mohammadpourhodki, Reza, Mohammed, Shafiu, Mohebi, Farnam, Mokdad, Ali H., Morrison, Shane Douglas, Mosser, Jonathan F., Mousavi, Seyyed Meysam, Muriithi, Moses K., Muthupandian, Saravanan, Myint, Chaw-Yin, Naderi, Mehdi, Nagarajan, Ahamarshan Jayaraman, Cuong Tat Nguyen, Huong Lan Thi Nguyen, Nonvignon, Justice, Noubiap, Jean Jacques, Oh, In-Hwan, Olagunju, Andrew T., Olusanya, Jacob Olusegun, Olusanya, Bolajoko Olubukunola, Bali, Ahmed Omar, Onwujekwe, Obinna E., Otstavnov, Stanislav S., Otstavnov, Nikita, Owolabi, Mayowa Ojo, Padubidri, Jagadish Rao, Palladino, Raffaele, Panda-Jonas, Songhomitra, Pandey, Anamika, Postma, Maarten J., Prada, Sergio I., Pribadi, Dimas Ria Angga, Rabiee, Mohammad, Rabiee, Navid, Rahim, Fakher, Ranabhat, Chhabi Lal, Rao, Sowmya J., Rathi, Priya, Rawaf, Salman, Rawaf, David Laith, Rawal, Lal, Rawassizadeh, Reza, Rezapour, Aziz, Sabour, Siamak, Sahraian, Mohammad Ali, Salman, Omar Mukhtar, Salomon, Joshua A., Samy, Abdallah M., Sanabria, Juan, Santos, Joao Vasco, Milicevic, Milena M. Santric, Jose, Bruno Piassi Sao, Savic, Miloje, Schwendicke, Falk, Senthilkumaran, Subramanian, Sepanlou, Sadaf G., Servan-Mori, Edson, Setayesh, Hamidreza, Shaikh, Masood Ali, Sheikh, Aziz, Shibuya, Kenji, Shrime, Mark G., Simonetti, Biagio, Singh, Jasvinder A., Singh, Pushpendra, Skryabin, Valentin Yurievich, Soheili, Amin, Soltani, Shahin, Stefan, Simona Catalina, Tabares-Seisdedos, Rafael, Topor-Madry, Roman, Tovani-Palone, Marcos Roberto, Tran, Bach Xuan, Travillian, Ravensara, Undurraga, Eduardo A., Valdez, Pascual R., van Boven, Job F. M., Vasankari, Tommi Juhani, Violante, Francesco S., Vlassov, Vasily, Vos, Theo, Wolfe, Charles D. A., Wu, Junjie, Yaya, Sanni, Yazdi-Feyzabadi, Vahid, Yip, Paul, Yonemoto, Naohiro, Younis, Mustafa Z., Yu, Chuanhua, Zaidi, Zoubida, Bin Zaman, Sojib, Zastrozhin, Mikhail Sergeevich, Zhang, Zhi-Jiang, Zhao, Yingxi, Murray, Christopher J. L., Dieleman, Joseph L. and Global Burden Dis Hlth Financing
Publicada:
5 sep 2020
Categoría:
Medicine (miscellaneous)
Resumen:
Background Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 3 aims to ``ensure healthy
lives and promote well-being for all at all ages''. While a
substantial effort has been made to quantify progress towards SDG3, less
research has focused on tracking spending towards this goal. We used
spending estimates to measure progress in financing the priority areas
of SDG3, examine the association between outcomes and financing, and
identify where resource gains are most needed to achieve the SDG3
indicators for which data are available.
Methods We estimated domestic health spending, disaggregated by source
(government, out-of-pocket, and prepaid private) from 1995 to 2017 for
195 countries and territories. For disease-specific health spending, we
estimated spending for HIV/AIDS and tuberculosis for 135 low-income and
middle-income countries, and malaria in 106 malaria-endemic countries,
from 2000 to 2017. We also estimated development assistance for health
(DAH) from 1990 to 2019, by source, disbursing development agency,
recipient, and health focus area, including DAH for pandemic
preparedness. Finally, we estimated future health spending for 195
countries and territories from 2018 until 2030. We report all spending
estimates in inflation-adjusted 2019 US$, unless otherwise stated.
Findings Since the development and implementation of the SDGs in 2015,
global health spending has increased, reaching $7.9 trillion (95%
uncertainty interval 7.8-8.0) in 2017 and is expected to increase to
$11.0 trillion (10.7-11.2) by 2030. In 2017, in low-income and
middle-income countries spending on HIV/AIDS was $20.2 billion
(17.0-25.0) and on tuberculosis it was $10.9 billion (10.3-11.8), and
in malaria-endemic countries spending on malaria was $5.1 billion
(4.9-5.4). Development assistance for health was $40.6 billion in 2019
and HIV/AIDS has been the health focus area to receive the highest
contribution since 2004. In 2019, $374 million of DAH was provided for
pandemic preparedness, less than 1% of DAH. Although spending has
increased across HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, and malaria since 2015,
spending has not increased in all countries, and outcomes in terms of
prevalence, incidence, and per-capita spending have been mixed. The
proportion of health spending from pooled sources is expected to
increase from 81.6% (81.6-81.7) in 2015 to 83.1% (82.8-83.3) in 2030.
Interpretation Health spending on SDG3 priority areas has increased, but
not in all countries, and progress towards meeting the SDG3 targets has
been mixed and has varied by country and by target. The evidence on the
scale-up of spending and improvements in health outcomes suggest a
nuanced relationship, such that increases in spending do not always
results in improvements in outcomes. Although countries will probably
need more resources to achieve SDG3, other constraints in the broader
health system such as inefficient allocation of resources across
interventions and populations, weak governance systems, human resource
shortages, and drug shortages, will also need to be addressed. Copyright
(C) 2020 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.
Filiaciones:
Micah, Angela E.:
Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98121 USA
Su, Yanfang:
Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98121 USA
Bachmeier, Steven D.:
Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98121 USA
Chapin, Abigail:
Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98121 USA
Cogswell, Ian E.:
Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98121 USA
Crosby, Sawyer W.:
Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98121 USA
Cunningham, Brandon:
Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98121 USA
Harle, Anton C.:
Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98121 USA
Maddison, Emilie R.:
Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98121 USA
Moitra, Modhurima:
Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98121 USA
Sahu, Maitreyi:
Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98121 USA
Schneider, Matthew T.:
Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98121 USA
Simpson, Kyle E.:
Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98121 USA
Stutzman, Hayley N.:
Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98121 USA
Tsakalos, Golsum:
Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98121 USA
Zende, Rahul R.:
Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98121 USA
Zlavog, Bianca S.:
Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98121 USA
Abbafati, Cristiana:
Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dept Jurid & Econ Studies, Rome, Italy
Abebo, Zeleke Hailemariam:
Arba Minch Univ, Dept Publ Hlth, Arba Minch, Ethiopia
Abolhassani, Hassan:
Karolinska Univ Hosp, Dept Lab Med, Huddinge, Sweden
Univ Tehran Med Sci, Res Ctr Immunodef, Tehran, Iran
Abrigo, Michael R. M.:
Philippine Inst Dev Studies, Res Dept, Quezon City, Philippines
Ahmed, Muktar Beshir:
Jimma Univ, Dept Epidemiol, Jimma, Ethiopia
Univ South Australia, Australian Ctr Precis Hlth, Adelaide, SA, Australia
Akinyemi, Rufus Olusola:
Univ Ibadan, Inst Adv Med Res & Training, Ibadan, Nigeria
Alam, Khurshid:
Murdoch Univ, Murdoch Business Sch, Perth, WA, Australia
Ali, Saqib:
Sultan Qaboos Univ, Coll Econ & Polit Sci, Dept Informat Syst, Muscat, Oman
Alinia, Cyrus:
Urmia Univ Med Sci, Dept Hlth Care Management & Econ, Orumiyeh, Iran
Alipour, Vahid:
Iran Univ Med Sci, Hlth Econ Dept, Tehran, Iran
Iran Univ Med Sci, Hlth Management & Econ Res Ctr, Tehran, Iran
Aljunid, Syed Mohamed:
Kuwait Univ, Dept Hlth Policy & Management, Safat, Kuwait
Natl Univ Malaysia, Int Ctr Casemix & Clin Coding, Bandar Tun Razak, Malaysia
Almasi, Ali:
Kermanshah Univ Med Sci, Dept Environm Hlth Engn, Kermanshah, Iran
Alvis-Guzman, Nelson:
Univ Cartagena, Hlth Econ Res Grp, Cartagena De Indias, Colombia
Univ Costa, Res Grp Hosp Management & Hlth Policies, Barranquilla, Colombia
Ancuceanu, Robert:
Carol Davila Univ Med & Pharm, Fac Pharm, Bucharest, Romania
Andrei, Catalina Liliana:
Carol Davila Univ Med & Pharm, Bucharest, Romania
Bucharest Univ Econ Studies, Dept Stat & Econometr, Bucharest, Romania
Anjomshoa, Mina:
Rafsanjan Univ Med Sci, Social Determinants Hlth Res Ctr, Rafsanjan, Iran
Antonio, Carl Abelardo T.:
Univ Philippines Manila, Dept Hlth Policy & Adm, Manila, Philippines
Hong Kong Polytech Univ, Dept Appl Social Sci, Hong Kong, Peoples R China
Arabloo, Jalal:
Iran Univ Med Sci, Hlth Management & Econ Res Ctr, Tehran, Iran
Arab-Zozani, Morteza:
Birjand Univ Med Sci, Social Determinants Hlth Res Ctr, Birjand, Iran
Aremu, Olatunde:
Birmingham City Univ, Sch Hlth Sci, Birmingham, W Midlands, England
Atnafu, Desta Debalkie:
Bahir Dar Univ, Dept Hlth Syst & Hlth Econ, Bahir Dar City, Ethiopia
Ausloos, Marcel:
Bucharest Univ Econ Studies, Dept Stat & Econometr, Bucharest, Romania
Univ Leicester, Sch Business, Leicester, Leics, England
Avila-Burgos, Leticia:
Natl Inst Publ Hlth, Ctr Hlth Syst Res, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
Ayanore, Martin Amogre:
Univ Hlth & Allied Sci, Dept Hlth Policy Planning & Management, Ho, Ghana
Azari, Samad:
Iran Univ Med Sci, Hlth Management & Econ Res Ctr, Tehran, Iran
Babalola, Tesleem Kayode:
Univ Kwazulu Natal, Dept Publ Hlth Med, Durban, South Africa
Univ Lagos, Dept Community Hlth & Primary Care, Lagos, Nigeria
Bagherzadeh, Mojtaba:
Sharif Univ Technol, Dept Chem, Tehran, Iran
Baig, Atif Amin:
Univ Sultan Zainal Abidin, Biochem Unit, Fac Med, Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia
Univ Sultan Zainal Abidin, Sch Hlth Sci, Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia
Bakhtiari, Ahad:
Univ Tehran Med Sci, Dept Hlth Policy & Management, Tehran, Iran
Banach, Maciej:
Med Univ Lodz, Dept Hypertens, Lodz, Poland
Polish Mothers Mem Hosp Res Inst, Lodz, Poland
Banerjee, Srikanta K.:
Walden Univ, Sch Hlth Sci, Minneapolis, MN USA
Barnighausen, Till Winfried:
Heidelberg Univ, Heidelberg Inst Global Hlth HIGH, Heidelberg, Germany
Harvard Univ, TH Chan Sch Publ Hlth, Boston, MA 02115 USA
Basu, Sanjay:
Imperial Coll London, Sch Publ Hlth, London, England
Baune, Bernhard T.:
Univ Munster, Dept Psychiat, Munster, Germany
Melbourne Med Sch, Dept Psychiat, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
Bayati, Mohsen:
Shiraz Univ Med Sci, Hlth Human Resources Res Ctr, Shiraz, Iran
Berman, Adam E.:
Augusta Univ, Dept Med, Augusta, GA USA
Bhageerathy, Reshmi:
Manipal Acad Higher Educ, Dept Hlth Informat Management, Manipal, India
Manipal Acad Higher Educ, Manipal, India
Bhardwaj, Pankaj:
All India Inst Med Sci, Dept Community Med & Family Med, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
Datta Meghe Inst Med Sci, Dept Community Med, Wardha, India
Bohluli, Mehdi:
Inst Adv Studies Basic Sci, Dept Comp Sci & Informat Technol, Zanjan, Iran
Petanux Res GmBH, Res & Innovat Dept, Bonn, Germany
Busse, Reinhard:
Tech Univ Berlin, Dept Hlth Care Management, Berlin, Germany
Cahuana-Hurtado, Lucero:
Peruvian Univ Cayetano Heredia, Sch Publ Hlth & Adm, Lima, Peru
Camera, Luis L. A. Alberto:
Hosp Italiano Buenos Aires, Dept Internal Med, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina
Argentine Soc Med, Comis Directiva, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina
Castaneda-Orjuela, Carlos A.:
Natl Inst Hlth, Colombian Natl Hlth Observ, Bogota, Colombia
Univ Nacl Colombia, Epidemiol & Publ Hlth Evaluat Grp, Bogota, Colombia
Catala-Lopez, Ferran:
Inst Hlth Carlos III, Natl Sch Publ Hlth, Madrid, Spain
Ottawa Hosp Res Inst, Clin Epidemiol Program, Ottawa, ON, Canada
Cevik, Muge:
Univ St Andrews, Infect & Global Hlth Res Div, St Andrews, Fife, Scotland
NHS Natl Serv Scotland, Reg Infect Dis Unit, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland
Chattu, Vijay Kumar:
Univ Toronto, Dept Med, Toronto, ON, Canada
Dandona, Lalit:
Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98121 USA
Publ Hlth Fdn India, Gurugram, India
Dandona, Rakhi:
Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98121 USA
Publ Hlth Fdn India, Gurugram, India
Dianatinasab, Mostafa:
Shiraz Univ Med Sci, Dept Epidemiol, Shiraz, Iran
Shahroud Univ Med Sci, Dept Epidemiol, Shahroud, Iran
Hoa Thi Do:
Nguyen Tat Thanh Univ, Ctr Excellence Publ Hlth Nutr, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
Doshmangir, Leila:
Tabriz Univ Med Sci, Dept Hlth Policy & Econ, Tabriz, Iran
El Tantawi, Maha:
Alexandria Univ, Pediat Dent & Dent Publ Hlth Dept, Alexandria, Egypt
Eskandarieh, Sharareh:
Univ Tehran Med Sci, Multiple Sclerosis Res Ctr, Tehran, Iran
Esmaeilzadeh, Firooz:
Maragheh Univ Med Sci, Maragheh, Iran
Faraj, Anwar:
Univ Human Dev, Coll Law & Polit, Dept Polit Sci, Sulaimaniyah, Iraq
Farzadfar, Farshad:
Univ Tehran Med Sci, Noncommun Dis Res Ctr, Tehran, Iran
Fischer, Florian:
Ravensburg Weingarten Univ Appl Sci, Inst Gerontol Hlth Serv & Nursing Res, Weingarten, Germany
Foigt, Nataliya A.:
Natl Acad Med Sci Ukraine, Inst Gerontol, Kiev, Ukraine
Fullman, Nancy:
Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98121 USA
Gad, Mohamed M.:
Cleveland Clin, Dept Cardiovasc Med, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA
Univ N Carolina, Gillings Sch Global Publ Hlth, Chapel Hill, NC 27515 USA
Ghafourifard, Mansour:
Tabriz Univ Med Sci, Dept Med Surg Nursing, Tabriz, Iran
Ghashghaee, Ahmad:
Iran Univ Med Sci, Hlth Management & Econ Res Ctr, Tehran, Iran
Iran Univ Med Sci, Fac Hlth Management & Informat Sci Branch, Student Res Comm, Tehran, Iran
Gholamian, Asadollah:
Islamic Azad Univ, Dept Biol, Tehran, Iran
Islamic Azad Univ, Young Researchers & Elite Club, Tehran, Iran
Goharinezhad, Salime:
Iran Univ Med Sci, Prevent Med & Publ Hlth Res Ctr, Tehran, Iran
Grada, Ayman:
Boston Univ, Dept Dermatol, Boston, MA USA
Bidgoli, Hassan Haghparast:
UCL, Inst Global Hlth, London, England
Hamidi, Samer:
Hamdan Bin Mohammed Smart Univ, Sch Hlth & Environm Studies, Dubai, U Arab Emirates
Harb, Hilda L.:
Minist Publ Hlth, Dept Vital & Hlth Stat, Beirut, Lebanon
Hasanpoor, Edris:
Maragheh Univ Med Sci, Dept Healthcare Management, Maragheh, Iran
Hay, Simon I.:
Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98121 USA
Univ Washington, Sch Med, Dept Hlth Metr Sci, Seattle, WA USA
Hendrie, Delia:
Curtin Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Perth, WA, Australia
Henry, Nathaniel J.:
Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98121 USA
Herteliu, Claudiu:
Bucharest Univ Econ Studies, Dept Stat & Econometr, Bucharest, Romania
Hole, Michael K.:
Univ Texas Austin, Dell Med Sch, Dept Pediat, Austin, TX 78712 USA
Hosseinzadeh, Mehdi:
Univ Human Dev, Dept Comp Sci, Sulaimaniyah, Iraq
Islamic Azad Univ, Dept Comp Engn, Tehran, Iran
Hostiuc, Sorin:
Carol Davila Univ Med & Pharm, Dept Legal Med & Bioeth, Bucharest, Romania
Natl Inst Legal Med Mina Minovici, Clin Legal Med Dept, Bucharest, Romania
Huda, Tanvir M.:
Univ Sydney, Sch Publ Hlth, Sydney, NSW, Australia
Int Ctr Diarrhoeal Dis Res, Maternal & Child Hlth Div, Dhaka, Bangladesh
Humayun, Ayesha:
Shaikh Zayed Fed Postgrad Med Inst, Shaikh Khalifa Bin Zayed Al Nahyan Med Coll, Dept Publ Hlth & Community Med, Shaikh Zayed Med Complex, Lahore, Pakistan
Hwang, Bing-Fang:
China Med Univ, Dept Occupat Safety & Hlth, Taichung, Taiwan
Ilesanmi, Olayinka Stephen:
Univ Ibadan, Coll Med, Dept Community Med, Ibadan, Nigeria
Univ Coll Hosp, Dept Community Med, Ibadan, Nigeria
Iqbal, Usman:
Taipei Med Univ, Global Hlth & Dev Dept, Taipei, Taiwan
Irvani, Seyed Sina:
Shahid Beheshti Univ Med Sci, Res Inst Endocrine Sci, Tehran, Iran
Islam, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful:
Univ Sydney, Sydney Med Sch, Sydney, NSW, Australia
Deakin Univ, Inst Phys Activ & Nutr, Burwood, Vic, Australia
Islam, M. Mofizul:
La Trobe Univ, Sch Psychol & Publ Hlth, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
Jahani, Mohammad Ali:
Babol Univ Med Sci, Hlth Res Inst, Social Determinants Hlth Res Ctr, Babol, Iran
Jakovljevic, Mihajlo:
IM Sechenov First Moscow State Med Univ, NA Semashko Dept Publ Hlth & Healthcare, Moscow, Russia
Univ Kragujevac, Dept Global Hlth Econ & Policy, Kragujevac, Serbia
James, Spencer L.:
Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98121 USA
Javaheri, Zohre:
Boston Univ, Metropolitan Coll, Hlth Informat Lab, Boston, MA USA
Jonas, Jost B.:
Heidelberg Univ, Dept Ophthalmol, Heidelberg, Germany
Beijing Tongren Hosp, Beijing Ophthalmol & Visual Sci Key Lab, Beijing Inst Ophthalmol, Beijing, Peoples R China
Joukar, Farahnaz:
Guilan Univ Med Sci, Gastrointestinal & Liver Dis Res Ctr, Rasht, Iran
Jozwiak, Jacek Jerzy:
Univ Opole, Dept Family Med & Publ Hlth, Opole, Poland
Jurisson, Mikk:
Univ Tartu, Inst Family Med & Publ Hlth, Tartu, Estonia
Kalhor, Rohollah:
Qazvin Univ Med Sci, Hlth Serv Management Dept, Qazvin, Iran
Qazvin Univ Med Sci, Res Inst Prevent Noncommun Dis, Social Determinants Hlth Res Ctr, Qazvin, Iran
Matin, Behzad Karami:
Kermanshah Univ Med Sci, Res Ctr Environm Determinants Hlth, Kermanshah, Iran
Karimi, Salah Eddin:
Tabriz Univ Med Sci, Social Determinants Hlth Res Ctr, Tabriz, Iran
Kayode, Gbenga A.:
Inst Human Virol Nigeria, Int Res Ctr Excellence, Abuja, Nigeria
Univ Utrecht, Julius Ctr Hlth Sci & Primary Care, Utrecht, Netherlands
Karyani, Ali Kazemi:
Kermanshah Univ Med Sci, Dept Publ Hlth, Kermanshah, Iran
Kermanshah Univ Med Sci, Res Ctr Environm Determinants Hlth, Kermanshah, Iran
Kinfu, Yohannes:
Univ Canberra, Fac Hlth, Canberra, ACT, Australia
Royal Childrens Hosp, Murdoch Childrens Res Inst, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
Kisa, Adnan:
Kristiania Univ Coll, Sch Hlth Sci, Oslo, Norway
Kohler, Stefan:
Heidelberg Univ, Heidelberg Inst Global Hlth HIGH, Heidelberg, Germany
Komaki, Hamidreza:
Hamadan Univ Med Sci, Neurophysiol Res Ctr, Hamadan, Hamadan, Iran
Inst Res Fundamental Sci, Brain Engn Res Ctr, Tehran, Iran
Kotlo, Anirudh:
Vancouver Virol Ctr, Global Hlth Dept, Vancouver, BC, Canada
Koyanagi A:
San Juan de Dios Sanit Pk, Biomed Res Networking Ctr Mental Hlth Network CIB, Sant Boi De Llobregat, Spain
Catalan Inst Res & Adv Studies ICREA, Barcelona, Spain
Kumar, G. Anil:
Publ Hlth Fdn India, Gurugram, India
Kusuma, Dian:
Imperial Coll London, Imperial Coll Business Sch, London, England
Univ Indonesia, Fac Publ Hlth, Depok, Indonesia
Lansingh, Van C.:
HelpMeSee, New York, NY USA
Mexican Inst Ophthalmol, Dept Int Relat, Queretaro, Mexico
Larsson, Anders O.:
Uppsala Univ, Dept Med Sci, Uppsala, Sweden
Uppsala Univ Hosp, Dept Clin Chem & Pharmacol, Uppsala, Sweden
Lasrado, Savita:
Father Muller Med Coll, Dept Otorhinolaryngol, Mangalore, India
Lee, Shaun Wen Huey:
Monash Univ, Sch Pharm, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
Taylors Univ Lakeside Campus, Sch Pharm, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
Lim, Lee-Ling:
Univ Malaya, Dept Med, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Chinese Univ Hong Kong, Dept Med & Therapeut, Shatin, Hong Kong, Peoples R China
Lozano, Rafael:
Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98121 USA
Univ Washington, Sch Med, Dept Hlth Metr Sci, Seattle, WA USA
Abd El Razek, Hassan Magdy:
Mansoura Fac Med, Dept Radiol, Mansoura, Egypt
Mahdavi, Mokhtar Mahdavi:
Saveh Univ Med Sci, Social Determinants Hlth Res Ctr, Saveh, Iran
Acad Med Sci, Saveh, Iran
Maleki, Shokofeh:
Kermanshah Univ Med Sci, Taleghani & Imam Ali Hosp, Clin Res Dev Ctr, Kermanshah, Iran
Malekzadeh, Reza:
Univ Tehran Med Sci, Digest Dis Res Inst, Tehran, Iran
Shiraz Univ Med Sci, Noncommun Dis Res Ctr, Shiraz, Iran
Mansour-Ghanaei, Fariborz:
Guilan Univ Med Sci, Gastrointestinal & Liver Dis Res Ctr, Rasht, Iran
Mansournia, Mohammad Ali:
Univ Tehran Med Sci, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, Tehran, Iran
Mantovani, Lorenzo Giovanni:
Univ Milano Bicocca, Sch Med & Surg, Monza, Italy
IRCCS MultiMed, Value Based Healthcare Unit, Sesto San Giovanni, Italy
Martinez, Gabriel:
Autonomous Technol Inst Mexico, Dept Econ, Mexico City, DF, Mexico
Masoumi, Seyedeh Zahra:
Hamadan Univ Med Sci, Dept Midwifery & Reprod Hlth, Hamadan, Hamadan, Iran
Massenburg, Benjamin Ballard:
Univ Washington, Dept Surg, Div Plast & Reconstruct Surg, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
Menezes, Ritesh G.:
Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal Univ, Forens Med Div, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
Mengesha, Endalkachew Worku:
Bahir Dar Univ, Dept Reprod Hlth & Populat Studies, Bahir Dar City, Ethiopia
Meretoja, Tuomo J.:
Helsinki Univ Hosp, Breast Surg Unit, Helsinki, Finland
Univ Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
Meretoja, Atte:
Helsinki Univ Hosp, Neuroctr, Helsinki, Finland
Univ Melbourne, Sch Hlth Sci, Parkville, Vic, Australia
Mestrovic, Tomislav:
Dr Zora Profoz Polyclin, Clin Microbiol & Parasitol Unit, Zagreb, Croatia
Univ North, Univ Ctr Varazdin, Varazhdin, Croatia
Kostova, Neda Milevska:
Inst Social Innovat, Skopje, North Macedonia
Ctr Reg Policy Res & Cooperat Studiorum, Skopje, North Macedonia
Miller, Ted R.:
Curtin Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Perth, WA, Australia
Pacific Inst Res & Evaluat, Calverton, MD USA
Mirica, Andreea:
Bucharest Univ Econ Studies, Dept Stat & Econometr, Bucharest, Romania
Natl Inst Stat, Presidents Off, Bucharest, Romania
Mirrakhimov, Erkin M.:
Kyrgyz State Med Acad, Fac Internal Med, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan
Natl Ctr Cardiol & Internal Dis, Dept Atherosclerosis & Coronary Heart Dis, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan
Moghadaszadeh, Masoud:
Tabriz Univ Med Sci, Biotechnol Res Ctr, Tabriz, Iran
Tabriz Univ Med Sci, Mol Med Res Ctr, Tabriz, Iran
Mohajer, Bahram:
Univ Tehran Med Sci, Multiple Sclerosis Res Ctr, Tehran, Iran
Univ Tehran Med Sci, Noncommun Dis Res Ctr, Tehran, Iran
Mohamadi, Efat:
Univ Tehran Med Sci, Hlth Equity Res Ctr, Tehran, Iran
Darwesh, Aso Mohammad:
Univ Human Dev, Dept Informat Technol, Sulaimaniyah, Iraq
Mohammadian-Hafshejani, Abdollah:
Shahrekord Univ Med Sci, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, Shahrekord, Iran
Mohammadpourhodki, Reza:
Mashhad Univ Med Sci, Kashmar Ctr Higher Hlth Educ, Mashhad, Razavi Khorasan, Iran
Mohammed, Shafiu:
Ahmadu Bello Univ, Hlth Syst & Policy Res Unit, Zaria, Nigeria
Mohebi, Farnam:
Univ Tehran Med Sci, Iran Natl Inst Hlth Res, Tehran, Iran
Univ Tehran Med Sci, Noncommun Dis Res Ctr, Tehran, Iran
Mokdad, Ali H.:
Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98121 USA
Univ Washington, Sch Med, Dept Hlth Metr Sci, Seattle, WA USA
Morrison, Shane Douglas:
Univ Washington, Dept Surg, Div Plast & Reconstruct Surg, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
Mosser, Jonathan F.:
Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98121 USA
Mousavi, Seyyed Meysam:
Univ Tehran Med Sci, Dept Hlth Management & Econ, Tehran, Iran
Muriithi, Moses K.:
Univ Nairobi, Sch Econ, Nairobi, Kenya
Muthupandian, Saravanan:
Mekelle Univ, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Mekelle, Ethiopia
Myint, Chaw-Yin:
Maastricht Univ, Dept Hlth Serv Res, Maastricht, New Zealand
Nagarajan, Ahamarshan Jayaraman:
Initiat Financing Hlth & Human Dev, Res & Analyt Dept, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
Bioinsilico Technol, Res & Analyt Dept, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
Cuong Tat Nguyen:
Duy Tan Univ, Inst Global Hlth Innovat, Hanoi, Vietnam
Huong Lan Thi Nguyen:
Duy Tan Univ, Inst Global Hlth Innovat, Hanoi, Vietnam
Nonvignon, Justice:
Univ Ghana, Sch Publ Hlth, Accra, Ghana
Noubiap, Jean Jacques:
Univ Adelaide, Ctr Heart Rhythm Disorders, Adelaide, SA, Australia
Oh, In-Hwan:
Kyung Hee Univ, Dept Prevent Med, Seoul, South Korea
Olagunju, Andrew T.:
Univ Lagos, Dept Psychiat, Lagos, Nigeria
McMaster Univ, Dept Psychiat & Behav Neurosci, Hamilton, ON, Canada
Olusanya, Jacob Olusegun:
Ctr Healthy Start Initiat, Lagos, Nigeria
Olusanya, Bolajoko Olubukunola:
Ctr Healthy Start Initiat, Lagos, Nigeria
Bali, Ahmed Omar:
Univ Human Dev, Dept Diplomacy & Publ Relat, Sulaimaniyah, Iraq
Onwujekwe, Obinna E.:
Univ Nigeria Nsukka, Dept Pharmacol & Therapeut, Enugu, Nigeria
Otstavnov, Stanislav S.:
Moscow Inst Phys & Technol, Lab Publ Hlth Indicators Anal & Hlth Digitalizat, Dolgoprudnyi, Russia
Natl Res Univ Higher Sch Econ, Dept Project Management, Moscow, Russia
Otstavnov, Nikita:
Moscow Inst Phys & Technol, Lab Publ Hlth Indicators Anal & Hlth Digitalizat, Dolgoprudnyi, Russia
Unium Ltd, Acad Dept, Moscow, Russia
Owolabi, Mayowa Ojo:
Univ Ibadan, Inst Adv Med Res & Training, Ibadan, Nigeria
Padubidri, Jagadish Rao:
Manipal Acad Higher Educ, Dept Forens Med, Manipal, India
Palladino, Raffaele:
Univ Naples Federico II, Dept Publ Hlth, Naples, Italy
Pandey, Anamika:
Publ Hlth Fdn India, Gurugram, India
Postma, Maarten J.:
Univ Groningen, Fac Econ & Business, Groningen, Netherlands
Univ Groningen, Univ Med Ctr Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
Prada, Sergio I.:
Fdn Valle del Lili, Ctr Invest Clin, Cali, Colombia
ICESI Univ, Ctr Estudios Protecc Social & Econ Salud, Cali, Colombia
Pribadi, Dimas Ria Angga:
Muhammadiyah Univ Surakarta, Dept Hlth Sci, Sukoharjo, Indonesia
Rabiee, Mohammad:
Amirkabir Univ Technol, Dept Biomed Engn, Tehran, Iran
Rabiee, Navid:
Sharif Univ Technol, Dept Chem, Tehran, Iran
Rahim, Fakher:
Univ Tehran Med Sci, Metabol & Genom Res Ctr, Tehran, Iran
Ahvaz Jundishapur Univ Med Sci, Thalassemia & Hemoglobinopathy Res Ctr, Ahvaz, Iran
Ranabhat, Chhabi Lal:
Policy Res Inst, Kathmandu, Nepal
Yonsei Univ, Inst Poverty Alleviat & Int Dev, Wonju, South Korea
Rao, Sowmya J.:
Srinivas Inst Dent Sci, Dept Oral Pathol, Mangalore, India
Rathi, Priya:
Manipal Acad Higher Educ, Kasturba Med Coll, Manipal, India
Rawaf, Salman:
Imperial Coll London, Dept Primary Care & Publ Hlth, London, England
Publ Hlth England, Acad Publ Hlth Dept, London, England
Rawaf, David Laith:
Imperial Coll London, WHO Collaborating Ctr Publ Hlth Educ & Training, London, England
Univ Coll London Hosp, London, England
Rawal, Lal:
CQ Univ, Sch Hlth Med & Appl Sci, Sydney, NSW, Australia
Rawassizadeh, Reza:
Boston Univ, Metropolitan Coll, Dept Comp Sci, Boston, MA 02215 USA
Rezapour, Aziz:
Iran Univ Med Sci, Hlth Management & Econ Res Ctr, Tehran, Iran
Sabour, Siamak:
Shahid Beheshti Univ Med Sci, Dept Epidemiol, Tehran, Iran
Sahraian, Mohammad Ali:
Univ Tehran Med Sci, Multiple Sclerosis Res Ctr, Tehran, Iran
Salman, Omar Mukhtar:
London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, Dept Global Hlth & Dev, London, England
Amer Univ Beirut, Global Hlth Inst, Beirut, Lebanon
Salomon, Joshua A.:
Stanford Univ, Ctr Hlth Policy, Stanford, CA 94305 USA
Stanford Univ, Ctr Primary Care & Outcomes Res, Stanford, CA 94305 USA
Samy, Abdallah M.:
Ain Shams Univ, Dept Entomol, Cairo, Egypt
Sanabria, Juan:
Marshall Univ, Dept Surg, Huntington, WV USA
Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Nutr & Prevent Med, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA
Santos, Joao Vasco:
Univ Porto, Dept Community Med, Porto, Portugal
Reg Hlth Adm Do Norte IP, Dept Publ Hlth, Vila Nova De Gaia, Portugal
Milicevic, Milena M. Santric:
Univ Belgrade, Ctr Sch Publ Hlth & Hlth Management, Belgrade, Serbia
Univ Belgrade, Inst Social Med, Belgrade, Serbia
Jose, Bruno Piassi Sao:
Univ Fed Minas Gerais, Dept Infect Dis & Trop Med, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
Savic, Miloje:
GSK Biol, Wavre, Belgium
Schwendicke, Falk:
Charite Univ Med Ctr Berlin, Oral Diag Digital Hlth & Hlth Serv Res, Berlin, Germany
Senthilkumaran, Subramanian:
Manian Med Ctr, Emergency Dept, Erode, India
Sepanlou, Sadaf G.:
Univ Tehran Med Sci, Digest Dis Res Inst, Tehran, Iran
Shiraz Univ Med Sci, Noncommun Dis Res Ctr, Shiraz, Iran
Servan-Mori, Edson:
Natl Inst Publ Hlth, Ctr Hlth Syst Res, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
Setayesh, Hamidreza:
Gavi Vaccine Alliance, Country Programmes, Le Grand Saconnex, Switzerland
Sheikh, Aziz:
Harvard Univ, Div Gen Internal Med, Boston, MA 02115 USA
Univ Edinburgh, Med Informat Ctr, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland
Shibuya, Kenji:
Kings Coll London, Inst Populat Hlth, London, England
Simonetti, Biagio:
Univ Sannio, Dept Law Econ Management & Quantitat Methods, Benevento, Italy
WSB Univ Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
Singh, Jasvinder A.:
Univ Alabama Birmingham, Dept Med, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA
US Dept Vet Affairs VA, Med Serv, Birmingham, AL USA
Singh, Pushpendra:
Indian Inst Technol, Dept Human & Social Sci, Roorkee, Uttar Pradesh, India
Skryabin, Valentin Yurievich:
Moscow Res & Pract Ctr Addict, Dept 16, Moscow, Russia
Soheili, Amin:
Semnan Univ Med Sci, Dept Emergency Nursing, Semnan, Iran
Semnan Univ Med Sci, Nursing Care Res Ctr, Semnan, Iran
Soltani, Shahin:
Kermanshah Univ Med Sci, Res Ctr Environm Determinants Hlth, Kermanshah, Iran
Stefan, Simona Catalina:
Bucharest Univ Econ Studies, Dept Management, Bucharest, Romania
Tabares-Seisdedos, Rafael:
Univ Valencia, Dept Med, Valencia, Spain
Biomed Res Networking Ctr Mental Hlth Network Cib, Carlos III Hlth Inst, Madrid, Spain
Topor-Madry, Roman:
Jagiellonian Univ Med Coll, Fac Hlth Sci, Inst Publ Hlth, Krakow, Poland
Assessment & Tariff Syst, Agcy Hlth Technol, Warsaw, Poland
Tovani-Palone, Marcos Roberto:
Univ Sao Paulo, Dept Pathol & Legal Med, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
Tran, Bach Xuan:
Hanoi Med Univ, Dept Hlth Econ, Hanoi, Vietnam
Travillian, Ravensara:
Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98121 USA
Undurraga, Eduardo A.:
Pontificia Catolica Univ Chile, Sch Govt, Santiago, Chile
Brandeis Univ, Schneider Inst Hlth Policy, Waltham, MA USA
Valdez, Pascual R.:
Argentine Soc Med, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina
Velez Sarsfield Hosp, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina
van Boven, Job F. M.:
Univ Groningen, Dept Gen Practice, Groningen, Netherlands
Univ Groningen, Univ Med Ctr Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
Vasankari, Tommi Juhani:
UKK Inst, Tampere, Finland
Violante, Francesco S.:
Univ Bologna, Dept Med & Surg Sci, Bologna, Italy
St Orsola Malpighi Hosp, Occupat Hlth Unit, Bologna, Italy
Vlassov, Vasily:
Natl Res Univ Higher Sch Econ, Dept Hlth Care Adm & Econ, Moscow, Russia
Vos, Theo:
Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98121 USA
Univ Washington, Sch Med, Dept Hlth Metr Sci, Seattle, WA USA
Wolfe, Charles D. A.:
Kings Coll London, Sch Populat Hlth & Environm Sci, London, England
Guys & St Thomas NHS Fdn Trust, NIHR Biomed Res Ctr, London, England
Kings Coll London, London, England
Wu, Junjie:
Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98121 USA
Yaya, Sanni:
Univ Ottawa, Sch Int Dev & Global Studies, Ottawa, ON, Canada
Yazdi-Feyzabadi, Vahid:
Kerman Univ Med Sci, Dept Hlth Management Policy & Econ, Kerman, Iran
Kerman Univ Med Sci, Hlth Serv Management Res Ctr, Kerman, Iran
Yip, Paul:
Univ Hong Kong, Ctr Suicide Res & Prevent, Hong Kong, Peoples R China
Univ Hong Kong, Dept Social Work & Social Adm, Hong Kong, Peoples R China
Yonemoto, Naohiro:
Natl Ctr Neurol & Psychiat, Dept Neuropsychopharmaol, Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan
Younis, Mustafa Z.:
Jackson State Univ, Dept Hlth Policy & Management, Jackson, MS USA
Tsinghua Univ, Sch Med, Beijing, Peoples R China
Yu, Chuanhua:
Wuhan Univ, Sch Hlth Sci, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, Wuhan, Hubei, Peoples R China
Wuhan Univ, Global Hlth Inst, Wuhan, Hubei, Peoples R China
Zaidi, Zoubida:
Univ Hosp Setif, Dept Epidemiol, Setif, Algeria
Bin Zaman, Sojib:
Int Ctr Diarrhoeal Dis Res, Maternal & Child Hlth Div, Dhaka, Bangladesh
Monash Univ, Sch Clin Sci Monash Hlth, Dept Med, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
Zastrozhin, Mikhail Sergeevich:
Moscow Dept Healthcare, Moscow Res & Pract Ctr Addict, Lab Genet & Genom, Moscow, Russia
Minist Hlth Russian Federat, Russian Med Acad Continuous Profess Educ, Dept Addictol, Moscow, Russia
Zhang, Zhi-Jiang:
Wuhan Univ, Dept Prevent Med, Wuhan, Hubei, Peoples R China
Zhao, Yingxi:
Univ Oxford, Nuffield Dept Med, Oxford, England
Murray, Christopher J. L.:
Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98121 USA
Univ Washington, Sch Med, Dept Hlth Metr Sci, Seattle, WA USA
Dieleman, Joseph L.:
Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98121 USA
Univ Washington, Sch Med, Dept Hlth Metr Sci, Seattle, WA USA
Green Published, Green Submitted, Green Accepted, hybrid
|