The global, regional, and national burden of colorectal cancer and its attributable risk factors in 195 countries and territories, 1990-2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017
Por:
Safiri, Saeid, Sepanlou, Sadaf G., Ikuta, Kevin S., Bisignano, Catherine, Salimzadeh, Hamideh, Delavari, Alireza, Ansari, Reza, Roshandel, Gholamreza, Merat, Shahin, Fitzmaurice, Christina, Force, Lisa M., Nixon, Molly R., Abbastabar, Hedayat, Abegaz, Kedir Hussein, Afarideh, Mohsen, Ahmadi, Ayat, Ahmed, Muktar Beshir, Akinyemiju, Tomi, Alahdab, Fares, Ali, Raghib, Alikhani, Mahtab, Alipour, Vahid, Aljunid, Syed Mohamed, Almadi, Majid Abdulrahman Hamad, Almasi-Hashiani, Amir, Al-Raddadi, Rajaa M., Alvis-Guzman, Nelson, Amini, Saeed, Anber, Nahla Hamed, Ansari-Moghaddam, Alireza, Arabloo, Jalal, Arefi, Zohreh, Jafarabadi, Mohammad Asghari, Azadmehr, Abbas, Badawi, Alaa, Baheiraei, Nafiseh, Barnighausen, Till Winfried, Basaleem, Huda, Behzadifar, Masoud, Behzadifar, Meysam, Belayneh, Yaschilal Muche, Berhe, Kidanemaryam, Bhattacharyya, Krittika, Biadgo, Belete, Bijani, Ali, Biondi, Antonio, Bjorge, Tone, Borzi, Antonio M., Bosetti, Cristina, Bou-Orm, Ibrahim R., Brenner, Hermann, Briko, Andrey Nikolaevich, Briko, Nikolay Ivanovich, Carreras, Giulia, Carvalho, Felix, Castaneda-Orjuela, Carlos A., Cerin, Ester, Chiang, Peggy Pei-Chia, Chido-Amajuoyi, Onyema Greg, Daryani, Ahmad, Davitoiu, Dragos Virgil, Demoz, Gebre Teklemariam, Desai, Rupak, Nasab, Mostafa Dianati, Eftekhari, Aziz, El Sayed, Iman, Elbarazi, Iffat, Emamian, Mohammad Hassan, Endries, Aman Yesuf, Esmaeilzadeh, Firooz, Esteghamati, Alireza, Etemadi, Arash, Farzadfar, Farshad, Fernandes, Eduarda, Fernandes, Joao C., Filip, Irina, Fischer, Florian, Foroutan, Masoud, Gad, Mohamed M., Gallus, Silvano, Ghaseni-Kebria, Fatemeh, Ghashghaee, Ahmad, Gorini, Giuseppe, Hafezi-Nejad, Nima, Haj-Mirzaian, Arvin, Haj-Mirzaian, Arya, Hasanpour-Heidari, Susan, Hasanzadeh, Amir, Hassanipour, Soheil, Hay, I, Simon, Hoang, Chi Linh, Hostiuc, Mihaela, Househ, Mowafa, Ilesanmi, Olayinka Stephen, Ilic, Milena D., Innos, Kaire, Irvani, Seyed Sina Naghibi, Islami, Farhad, Jaca, Anelisa, Balalami, Nader Jafari, Delouei, Nastaran Jafari, Jafarinia, Morteza, Jahani, Mohammad Ali, Jakovljevic, Mihajlo, James, Spencer L., Javanbakht, Mehdi, Jenabi, Ensiyeh, Jha, Ravi Prakash, Joukar, Farahnaz, Kasaeian, Amir, Kassa, Tesfaye Dessale, Kassaw, Mesfin Wudu, Kengne, Andre Pascal, Khader, Yousef Saleh, Khaksarian, Mojtaba, Khalilov, Rovshan, Khan, Ejaz Ahmad, Khayamzadeh, Maryam, Khazaee-Pool, Maryam, Khazaei, Salman, Khosravi Shadmani, Fatemeh, Khubchandani, Jagdish, Kim, Daniel, Kisa, Adnan, Kisa, Sezer, Kocarnik, Jonathan M., Komaki, Hamidreza, Kopec, Jacek A., Koyanagi A, Kuipers, Ernst J., Kumar, Vivek, La Vecchia, Carlo, Lami, Faris Hasan, Lopez, Alan D., Lopukhov, Platon D., Lunevicius, Raimundas, Majeed, Azeem, Majidinia, Maryam, Manafi, Amir, Manafi, Navid, Manda, Ana-Laura, Mansour-Ghanaei, Fariborz, Mantovani, Lorenzo Giovanni, Mehta, Dhruv, Meier, Toni, Meles, Hagazi Gebre, Mendoza, Walter, Mestrovic, Tomislav, Miazgowski, Bartosz, Miazgowski, Tomasz, Mir, Seyed Mostafa, Mirzaei, Hamed, Mohammad, Karzan Abdulmuhsin, Mezerji, Naser Mohammad Gholi, Mohammadian-Hafshejani, Abdollah, Mohammadoo-Khorasani, Milad, Mohammed, Shafiu, Mohebi, Farnam, Mokdad, Ali H., Monasta, Lorenzo, Moossavi, Maryam, Moradi, Ghobad, Moradpour, Farhad, Moradzadeh, Rahmatollah, Nahvijou, Azin, Naik, Gurudatta, Najafi, Farid, Nazari, Javad, Negoi, Ionut, Negru, Serban, Cuong Tat Nguyen, Trang Huyen Nguyen, Ningrum, Dina Nur Anggraini, Ogbo, Felix Akpojene, Olagunju, Andrew T., Olagunju, Tinuke O., Pana, Adrian, Pereira, David M., Pirestani, Majid, Pourshams, Akram, Poustchi, Hossein, Qorbani, Mostafa, Rabiee, Mohammad, Rabiee, Navid, Radfar, Amir, Rahmati, Marveh, Rajati, Fatemeh, Raoofi, Samira, Rawaf, David Laith, Rawaf, Salman, Reiner, Jr., Robert C., Renzaho, Andre M. N., Rezaei, Nima, Rezapour, Aziz, Saad, Anas M., Saadatagah, Seyedmohammad, Saddik, Basema, Salehi, Farkhonde, Zahabi, Saleh Salehi, Salz, Inbal, Samy, Abdallah M., Sanabria, Juan, Milicevic, Milena M. Santric, Sarveazad, Arash, Satpathy, Maheswar, Schneider, Ione J. C., Sekerija, Mario, Shaahmadi, Faramarz, Shabaninejad, Hosein, Shamsizadeh, Morteza, Sharafi, Zeinab, Sharif, Mehdi, Sharifi, Amrollah, Sheikhbahaei, Sara, Shirkoohi, Reza, Malleshappa, Sudeep K. Siddappa, Silva, Diego Augusto Santos, Sisay, Mekonnen, Smarandache, Catalin-Gabriel, Soofi, Moslem, Soreide, Kjetil, Soshnikov, Sergey, Starodubov, I, Vladimir, Tabares-Seisdedos, Rafael, Sullman, Mark, Taherkhani, Amir, Tesfay, Berhe Etsay, Topor-Madry, Roman, Traini, Eugenio, Bach Xuan Tran, Khanh Bao Tran, Ullah, Irfan, Uthman, Olalekan A., Vacante, Marco, Vahedian-Azimi, Amir, Valli, Alessandro, Varavikova, Elena, Vujcic, Isidora S., Westerman, Ronny, Yazdi-Feyzabadi, Vahid, Yisma, Engida, Yu, Chuanhua, Zadnik, Vesna, Moghadam, Telma Zahirian, Zaki, Leila, Zandian, Hamed, Zhang, Zhi-Jiang, Murray, Christopher J. L., Naghavi, Mohsen, Malekzadeh, Reza and GBD 2017 Colorectal Canc Collabora
Publicada:
1 dic 2019
Resumen:
Background Data about the global, regional, and country-specific
variations in the levels and trends of colorectal cancer are required to
understand the impact of this disease and the trends in its burden to
help policy makers allocate resources. Here we provide a status report
on the incidence, mortality, and disability caused by colorectal cancer
in 195 countries and territories between 1990 and 2017.
Methods Vital registration, sample vital registration, verbal autopsy,
and cancer registry data were used to generate incidence, death, and
disability-adjusted life-year (DALY) estimates of colorectal cancer at
the global, regional, and national levels. We also determined the
association between development levels and colorectal cancer
age-standardised DALY rates, and calculated DALYs attributable to risk
factors that had evidence of causation with colorectal cancer. All of
the estimates are reported as counts and age-standardised rates per 100
000 person-years, with some estimates also presented by sex and 5-year
age groups.
Findings In 2017, there were 1.8 million (95% UI 1.8-1.9) incident
cases of colorectal cancer globally, with an age-standardised incidence
rate of 23.2 (22.7-23.7) per 100 000 person-years that increased by
9.5% (4.5-13.5) between 1990 and 2017. Globally, colorectal cancer
accounted for 896 000 (876 300-915 700) deaths in 2017, with an
age-standardised death rate of 11.5 (11.3-11.8) per 100 000
person-years, which decreased between 1990 and 2017 (-13.5% [-18.4 to
-10.0]). Colorectal cancer was also responsible for 19.0 million
(18.5-19.5) DALYs globally in 2017, with an age-standardised rate of
235.7 (229.7-242.0) DALYs per 100 000 person-years, which decreased
between 1990 and 2017 (-14.5% [-20.4 to -10.3]). Slovakia, the
Netherlands, and New Zealand had the highest age-standardised incidence
rates in 2017. Greenland, Hungary, and Slovakia had the highest
age-standardised death rates in 2017. Numbers of incident cases and
deaths were higher among males than females up to the ages of 80-84
years, with the highest rates observed in the oldest age group (>= 95
years) for both sexes in 2017. There was a non-linear association
between the Socio-demographic Index and the Healthcare Access and
Quality Index and age-standardised DALY rates. In 2017, the three
largest contributors to DALYs at the global level, for both sexes, were
diet low in calcium (20.5% [12.9-28.9]), alcohol use (15.2%
[12.1-18.3]), and diet low in milk (14.3% [5.1-24.8]).
Interpretation There is substantial global variation in the burden of
colorectal cancer. Although the overall colorectal cancer
age-standardised death rate has been decreasing at the global level, the
increasing age-standardised incidence rate in most countries poses a
major public health challenge across the world. The results of this
study could be useful for policy makers to carry out cost-effective
interventions and to reduce exposure to modifiable risk factors,
particularly in countries with high incidence or increasing burden.
Copyright (C) 2019 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.
Filiaciones:
Safiri, Saeid:
Thbriz Univ Med Sci, Aging Res Inst, Tabriz, Iran
Thbriz Univ Med Sci, Dept Community Med, Tabriz, Iran
Sepanlou, Sadaf G.:
Univ Tehran Med Sci, Digest Dis Res Inst, Tehran, Iran
Shiraz Univ Med Sci, Noncommunicable Dis Res Ctr, Shiraz, Iran
Ikuta, Kevin S.:
Univ Washington, Div Allergy & Infect Dis, Seattle, WA 98121 USA
Hay, Simon, I Reiner, Robert C
Bisignano, Catherine:
Hay, Simon, I Reiner, Robert C
Salimzadeh, Hamideh:
Univ Tehran Med Sci, Digest Dis Res Inst, Tehran, Iran
Delavari, Alireza:
Univ Tehran Med Sci, Digest Dis Res Inst, Tehran, Iran
Univ Tehran Med Sci, Dept Internal Med, Tehran, Iran
Ansari, Reza:
Univ Tehran Med Sci, Digest Dis Res Inst, Tehran, Iran
Roshandel, Gholamreza:
Univ Tehran Med Sci, Digest Dis Res Inst, Tehran, Iran
Golestan Univ Med Sci, Golestan Res Ctr Gastroenterol & Hepatol, Gorgan, Golestan, Iran
Merat, Shahin:
Univ Tehran Med Sci, Digest Dis Res Inst, Tehran, Iran
Fitzmaurice, Christina:
Univ Washington, Div Hematol, Seattle, WA 98121 USA
Hay, Simon, I Reiner, Robert C
Force, Lisa M.:
Hay, Simon, I Reiner, Robert C
St Jude Childrens Res Hosp, Dept Oncol, 332 N Lauderdale St, Memphis, TN 38105 USA
St Jude Childrens Res Hosp, Dept Global Pediat Med, 332 N Lauderdale St, Memphis, TN 38105 USA
Nixon, Molly R.:
Hay, Simon, I Reiner, Robert C
Abbastabar, Hedayat:
Univ Tehran Med Sci, Iranian Ctr Neurol Res, Tehran, Iran
Abegaz, Kedir Hussein:
Madda Walabu Univ, Biostat & Hlth Informat Dept, Bale Robe, Oromia, Ethiopia
Addis Ababa Univ, Radiotherapy Ctr, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Afarideh, Mohsen:
Univ Tehran Med Sci, Endocrinol & Metab Res Ctr, Tehran, Iran
Ahmadi, Ayat:
Univ Tehran Med Sci, Knowledge Utilizat Res Ctr, Tehran, Iran
Ahmed, Muktar Beshir:
Jimma Univ, Dept Epidemiol, Jimma, Oromia, Ethiopia
Akinyemiju, Tomi:
Duke Univ, Dept Populat Hlth Sci, Durham, NC USA
Duke Univ, Duke Global Hlth Inst, Durham, NC USA
Alahdab, Fares:
Mayo Clin Fdn Med Educ & Res, Evidence Based Practice Ctr, Rochester, MN USA
Ali, Raghib:
New York Univ Abu Dhabi, Publ Hlth Res Ctr, Abu Dhabi, U Arab Emirates
Univ Oxford, Nuffield Dept Populat Hlth, Oxford, England
Alikhani, Mahtab:
Iran Univ Med Sci, Dept Hlth Serv Management, Tehran, Iran
Alipour, Vahid:
Iran Univ Med Sci, Hlth Econ Dept, Tehran, Iran
Iran Univ Med Sci, Hlth Management & Econ Res Ctr, Tehran, Iran
Aljunid, Syed Mohamed:
Kuwait Univ, Dept Hlth Policy & Management, Kuwait, Kuwait
Natl Univ Malaysia, Int Ctr Casemix & Clin Coding, Bandar Tun Razak, Malaysia
Almadi, Majid Abdulrahman Hamad:
King Saud Univ, Coll Med, Riyadh, Central, Saudi Arabia
McGill Univ, Div Gastroenterol & Lepatol, Montreal, PQ, Canada
Almasi-Hashiani, Amir:
Arak Univ Med Sci, Dept Epidemiol, Arak, Iran
Al-Raddadi, Rajaa M.:
King Abdulaziz Univ, Dept Family & Community Med, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
Alvis-Guzman, Nelson:
Univ Cartagena, Res Grp Hlth Econ, Cartagena, Colombia
Univ Coast, Res Grp Hosp Management & Hlth Policies, Barranquilla, Colombia
Amini, Saeed:
Arak Univ Med Sci, Hlth Serv Management Dept, Arak, Iran
Anber, Nahla Hamed:
Mansoura Univ, Fac Med, Mansoura, Egypt
Ansari-Moghaddam, Alireza:
Hlth Promot Res Ctr, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, Zahedan, Iran
Arabloo, Jalal:
Iran Univ Med Sci, Hlth Management & Econ Res Ctr, Tehran, Iran
Arefi, Zohreh:
Univ Tehran Med Sci, Dept Hlth Promot & Educ, Tehran, Iran
Jafarabadi, Mohammad Asghari:
Thbriz Univ Med Sci, Dept Biostat & Epidemiol, Tabriz, Iran
Zanjan Univ Med Sci, Dept Biostat & Epidemiol, Zanjan, Iran
Azadmehr, Abbas:
Babol Univ Med Sci, Cellular & Mol Biol Res Ctr, Babol Sar, Iran
Badawi, Alaa:
Publ Hlth Agcy Canada, Publ Hlth Risk Sci Div, Toronto, ON, Canada
Univ Toronto, Dept Nutr Sci, Toronto, ON, Canada
Baheiraei, Nafiseh:
Tarbiat Modares Univ, Tissue Engn & Appl Cell Sci Div, Tehran, Iran
Adv Technol Res Grp, Div Dis, Tehran, Iran
Barnighausen, Till Winfried:
Heidelberg Univ, Heidelberg Inst Global Hlth, Heidelberg, Germany
Harvard Univ, TH Chan Sch Publ Hlth, Boston, MA 02115 USA
Basaleem, Huda:
Univ Aden, Aden, Yemen
Behzadifar, Masoud:
Lorestan Univ Med Sci, Social Determinants Hlth Res Ctr, Khorramabad, Iran
Behzadifar, Meysam:
Lorestan Univ Med Sci, Hepatitis Res Ctr, Khorramabad, Iran
Belayneh, Yaschilal Muche:
Wollo Univ, Dept Pharm, Dessie, Ethiopia
Berhe, Kidanemaryam:
Dept Nutr & Dietet, Mekelle, Ethiopia
Bhattacharyya, Krittika:
Natl Inst Biomed Genom, Dept Stat & Computat Genom, Kalyani, W Bengal, India
Univ Calcutta, Dept Stat, Kolkata, India
Biadgo, Belete:
Univ Gondar, Dept Clin Chem, Gondar, Ethiopia
Bijani, Ali:
Babol Univ Med Sci, Social Determinants Hlth Res Ctr, Babol Sar, Iran
Biondi, Antonio:
Univ Catania, Dept Gen Surg & Med Surg Specialties, Catania, Italy
Bjorge, Tone:
Univ Bergen, Dept Global Publ Hlth & Primary Care, Bergen, Norway
Canc Registry Norway, Oslo, Norway
Borzi, Antonio M.:
Univ Catania, Dept Clin & Mol Biomed MEDBIO, Catania, Italy
Bosetti, Cristina:
Mario Negri Inst Pharmacol Res, Dept Oncol, Milan, Italy
Bou-Orm, Ibrahim R.:
Minist Publ Hlth, Beirut, Lebanon
Brenner, Hermann:
German Canc Res Ctr, Div Clin Epidemiol & Aging Res, Heidelberg, Germany
Briko, Andrey Nikolaevich:
Bauman Moscow State Tech Univ, Biomed Technol, Moscow, Russia
Briko, Nikolay Ivanovich:
IM Sechenov First Moscow State Med Univ, Epidemiol & Evidence Based Med, Moscow, Russia
Carreras, Giulia:
Inst Canc Res, Prevent & Clin Network, Florence, Italy
Carvalho, Felix:
Univ Porto, Appl Mol Biosci Unit, Porto, Portugal
Univ Porto, Inst Publ Hlth, Porto, Portugal
Castaneda-Orjuela, Carlos A.:
Natl Inst Hlth, Colombian Natl Hlth Observ, Bogota, Colombia
Univ Nacl Colombia, Epidemiol & Publ Hlth Evaluat Grp, Bogota, Colombia
Cerin, Ester:
Australian Catholic Univ, Mary Mackillop Inst Hlth Res, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
Univ Hong Kong, Sch Publ Hlth, Hong Kong, Peoples R China
Chiang, Peggy Pei-Chia:
Gold Coast Hlth, Clin Governance, Gold Coast, Qld, Australia
Chido-Amajuoyi, Onyema Greg:
Univ Texas Houston, Dept Epidemiol Human Genet & Environm Sci, Houston, TX USA
Daryani, Ahmad:
Mazandaran Univ Med Sci, Toucoplasmosis Res Ctr, Sari, Mazandaran, Iran
Davitoiu, Dragos Virgil:
Carol Davila Univ Med & Pharm, Dept Gen Surg, 2nd Sect, Bucharest, Romania
Clin Emergency Hosp Sf Pantelimon, Dept Surg, Bucharest, Romania
Demoz, Gebre Teklemariam:
Aksum Univ, Sch Pharm, Aksum, Ethiopia
Desai, Rupak:
Atlanta Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Div Cardiol, Decatur, GA USA
Nasab, Mostafa Dianati:
Shiraz Univ Med Sci, Dept Epidemiol, Shiraz, Iran
Eftekhari, Aziz:
Thbriz Univ Med Sci, Dept Pharmacol & Toxicol, Tabriz, Iran
Pharmacol & Toxicol Dept, Maragheh, Iran
El Sayed, Iman:
Alexandria Univ, Biomed Informat & Med Stat, Alexandria, Egypt
Elbarazi, Iffat:
United Arab Emirates Univ, Inst Publ Hlth, Al Ain, U Arab Emirates
Emamian, Mohammad Hassan:
Shahroud Univ Med Sci, Ophthalm Epidemiol Res Ctr, Shahroud, Semnan, Iran
Endries, Aman Yesuf:
St Pauls Hosp, Millennium Med Coll, Publ Hlth Dept, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Esmaeilzadeh, Firooz:
Maragheh Univ Med Sci, Maragheh, Iran
Esteghamati, Alireza:
Univ Tehran Med Sci, Endocrinol & Metab Res Ctr, Tehran, Iran
Etemadi, Arash:
NCI, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
Farzadfar, Farshad:
Univ Tehran Med Sci, Noncommunicable Dis Res Ctr, Tehran, Iran
Fernandes, Eduarda:
Univ Porto, REQUIMTE LAQV, Porto, Portugal
Fernandes, Joao C.:
Catholic Univ Portugal, Ctr Biotechnol & Fine Chem, Porto, Portugal
Filip, Irina:
Kaiser Permanente, Psychiat Dept, Fontana, CA USA
AT Still Univ, Dept Hlth Sci, Mesa, AZ 85206 USA
Fischer, Florian:
Bielefeld Univ, Dept Publ Hlth Med, Bielefeld, Germany
Foroutan, Masoud:
Abadan Sch Med Sci, Abadan, Iran
Gad, Mohamed M.:
Cleveland Clin, Dept Cardiovasc Med, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA
Univ North Carolina Chapel Hill, Gillings Sch Global Publ Hlth, Chapel Hill, NC USA
Gallus, Silvano:
Mario Negri Inst Pharmacol Res, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Milan, Italy
Ghaseni-Kebria, Fatemeh:
Golestan Univ Med Sci, Golestan Res Ctr Gastroenterol & Hepatol, Gorgan, Golestan, Iran
Ghashghaee, Ahmad:
Iran Univ Med Sci, Dept Hlth Serv Management, Tehran, Iran
Gorini, Giuseppe:
Canc Prevent & Res Inst, Occupat & Environm Epidemiol Sect, Florence, Italy
Hafezi-Nejad, Nima:
Univ Tehran Med Sci, Sch Med, Tehran, Iran
Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Radiol, Baltimore, MD USA
Haj-Mirzaian, Arvin:
Univ Tehran Med Sci, Dept Pharmacol, Tehran, Iran
Shahid Beheshti Univ Med Sci, Obes Res Ctr, Tehran, Iran
Haj-Mirzaian, Arya:
Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Radiol, Baltimore, MD USA
Hasanpour-Heidari, Susan:
Golestan Univ Med Sci, Golestan Res Ctr Gastroenterol & Hepatol, Gorgan, Golestan, Iran
Hasanzadeh, Amir:
Univ Tehran Med Sci, Dept Microbiol, Tehran, Iran
Dept Microbiol, Maragheh, Iran
Hassanipour, Soheil:
Guilan Univ Med Sci, Gastrointestinal & Liver Dis Res Ctr, Rasht, Guilan, Iran
Hoang, Chi Linh:
Nguyen Tat Thanh Univ, Ctr Excellence Behav Med, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
Hostiuc, Mihaela:
Carol Davila Univ Med & Pharm, Dept Gen Surg, 2nd Sect, Bucharest, Romania
Bucharest Emergency Hosp, Dept Internal Med, Bucharest, Romania
Househ, Mowafa:
Hamad Bin Khalifa Univ, Div Informat & Comp Technol, Doha, Qatar
Qatar Fdn Educ Sci & Community Dev, Doha, Qatar
Ilesanmi, Olayinka Stephen:
Univ Ibadan, Dept Community Med, Ibadan, Nigeria
Ilic, Milena D.:
Univ Kragujevac, Dept Epidemiol, Kragujevac, Serbia
Innos, Kaire:
Natl Inst Hlth Dev, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, Tallinn, Estonia
Irvani, Seyed Sina Naghibi:
Shahid Beheshti Univ Med Sci, Res Inst Endocrine Sci, Tehran, Iran
Islami, Farhad:
Amer Canc Soc, Surveillance & Hlth Serv Res, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA
Jaca, Anelisa:
Med Res Council South Africa, Cochrane South Africa, Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa
Stellenbosch Univ, Ctr Evidence Based Hlth Care, Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa
Balalami, Nader Jafari:
Babol Nushirvani Univ Technol, Dept Psychosis, Babol Sar, Iran
Delouei, Nastaran Jafari:
Golestan Univ Med Sci, Golestan Res Ctr Gastroenterol & Hepatol, Gorgan, Golestan, Iran
Jafarinia, Morteza:
ACS Med Coll & Hosp, Dept Immunol, Esfahan, Iran
Jahani, Mohammad Ali:
Babol Univ Med Sci, Fac Med, Babol Sar, Iran
Jakovljevic, Mihajlo:
Univ Kragujevac, Dept Global Hlth Econ & Policy, Kragujevac, Serbia
James, Spencer L.:
Hay, Simon, I Reiner, Robert C
Javanbakht, Mehdi:
Newcastle Univ, Tyne, England
Jenabi, Ensiyeh:
Hamadan Univ Med Sci, Autism Spectrum Disorders Res Ctr, Hamadan, Iran
Jha, Ravi Prakash:
Banaras Hindu Univ, Dept Community Med, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
Joukar, Farahnaz:
Guilan Univ Med Sci, Gastrointestinal & Liver Dis Res Ctr, Rasht, Guilan, Iran
Kasaeian, Amir:
Univ Tehran Med Sci, Hematol Malignancies Res Ctr, Tehran, Iran
Univ Tehran Med Sci, Hematol Oncol & Stem Cell Transplantat Res Ctr, Tehran, Iran
Kassa, Tesfaye Dessale:
Clin Pharm Unit, Mekelle, Ethiopia
Kassaw, Mesfin Wudu:
Woldia Univ, Dept Nursing, Woldia, Amhara, Ethiopia
Amhara Publ Hlth Inst, Bair Dar, Amhara, Ethiopia
Kengne, Andre Pascal:
Med Res Council South Africa, Noncommunicable Dis Res Unit, Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa
Univ Cape Town, Dept Med, Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa
Khader, Yousef Saleh:
Jordan Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Publ Hlth & Community Med, Irbid, Jordan
Khaksarian, Mojtaba:
Lorestan Univ Med Sci, Dept Physiol, Khorramabad, Iran
Khalilov, Rovshan:
Baku State Univ, Dept Physiol, Baku, Azerbaijan
Khan, Ejaz Ahmad:
Hlth Serv Acad, Epidemiol & Biostat Dept, Islamabad, Islamabad Capit, Pakistan
Khayamzadeh, Maryam:
Shahid Beheshti Univ Med Sci, Canc Res Ctr, Tehran, Iran
Khazaee-Pool, Maryam:
Mazandaran Univ Med Sci, Dept Publ Hlth, Sari, Mazandaran, Iran
Khazaei, Salman:
Hamadan Univ Med Sci, Dept Epidemiol, Hamadan, Iran
Khosravi Shadmani, Fatemeh:
Kermanshah Univ Med Sci, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, Kermanshah, Iran
Khubchandani, Jagdish:
Ball State Univ, Dept Nutr & Hlth Sci, Muncie, IN 47306 USA
Kim, Daniel:
Northeastern Univ, Dept Hlth Sci, Boston, MA 02115 USA
Kisa, Adnan:
Krisriania Univ Coll, Dept Hlth Management & Hlth Econ, Oslo, Norway
Univ South Carolina, Dept Hlth Serv Policy & Management, Columbia, SC 29208 USA
Kisa, Sezer:
Oslo Metropolitan Univ, Dept Nursing & Hlth Promot, Oslo, Norway
Kocarnik, Jonathan M.:
Hay, Simon, I Reiner, Robert C
Fred Hutchinson Canc Res Ctr, Div Publ Hlth Sci, 1124 Columbia St, Seattle, WA 98104 USA
Komaki, Hamidreza:
Hamadan Univ Med Sci, Neurophysiol Res Ctr, Hamadan, Iran
Inst Res Fundamental Sci, Brain Engn Res Ctr, Tehran, Iran
Kopec, Jacek A.:
Univ British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
Arthrit Res Canada, Richmond, BC, Canada
Koyanagi A:
San Juan de Dios Sanitary Pk, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Spain
Catalan Inst Res & Adv Studies ICREA, Barcelona, Spain
Kuipers, Ernst J.:
Erasmus MC, Dept Gastroenterol & Hepatol, Rotterdam, Netherlands
Kumar, Vivek:
Harvard Univ, Brigham & Womens Hosp, Dept Med, Boston, MA 02115 USA
La Vecchia, Carlo:
ACS Med Coll & Hosp, Clin Med & Community Hlth, Esfahan, Iran
Lami, Faris Hasan:
Acad Med Sci, Dept Community & Family Med, Tehran, Iran
Lopez, Alan D.:
Hay, Simon, I Reiner, Robert C
Univ Melbourne, Melbourne, Qld, Australia
Lopukhov, Platon D.:
IM Sechenov First Moscow State Med Univ, Dept Epidemiol & Evidence Based Med, Sci Med, Moscow, Russia
Lunevicius, Raimundas:
Aintree Univ Hosp Natl Hlth Serv NHS Fdn Trust, Gen Surg Dept, Liverpool, Merseyside, England
Univ Liverpool, Surg Dept, Liverpool, Merseyside, England
Majeed, Azeem:
Imperial Coll London, Dept Primary Care & Publ Hlth, London, England
Majidinia, Maryam:
Urmia Univ Med Sci, Solid Tumor Res Ctr, Orumiyeh, Iran
Manafi, Amir:
Univ Virginia, Dept Surg, Charlottesville, VA USA
Manafi, Navid:
Iran Univ Med Sci, Ophthalmol Dept, Tehran, Iran
Univ Manitoba, Ophthalmol Dept, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
Manda, Ana-Laura:
Emergency Univ Hosp Bucharest, Surg Dept, 5th Sect, Bucharest, Romania
Mansour-Ghanaei, Fariborz:
Guilan Univ Med Sci, Gastrointestinal & Liver Dis Res Ctr, Rasht, Guilan, Iran
Mantovani, Lorenzo Giovanni:
Univ Milano Bicocca, Sch Med & Surg, Monza, MB, Italy
Mehta, Dhruv:
New York Med Coll, Div Gastroenterol & Hepatobiliary Dis, Valhalla, NY 10595 USA
Meier, Toni:
Martin Luther Univ Halle Wittenberg, Inst Agr & Nutr Sci, Halle, Sachsen Anhalt, Germany
Competence Cluster Nutr & Cardiovasc Hlth NutriCA, Innovat Off, Halle, Sachsen Anhalt, Germany
Meles, Hagazi Gebre:
Mekelle Univ, Mekelle, Ethiopia
Mendoza, Walter:
UN Populat Fund UNFPA, Peru Country Off, Lima, Peru
Mestrovic, Tomislav:
Dr Zora Profozic Polyclin, Clin Microbiol & Parasitol Unit, Zagreb, Croatia
Univ North, Univ Ctr Varazdin, Varazhdin, Croatia
Miazgowski, Bartosz:
Pomeranian Med Univ, Ctr Innovat Med Educ, Szczecin, Poland
Miazgowski, Tomasz:
Pomeranian Med Univ, Dept Propedeut Internal Dis & Arterial Hypertens, Szczecin, Poland
Mir, Seyed Mostafa:
Babol Univ Med Sci, Clin Biochem, Babol Sar, Iran
Mirzaei, Hamed:
Kashan Univ Med Sci, Res Ctr Biochem & Nutr Metab Dis, Esfahan, Iran
Mohammad, Karzan Abdulmuhsin:
Salahaddin Univ, Dept Biol, Erbil, Iraq
ISHIK Univ, Erbil, Iraq
Mezerji, Naser Mohammad Gholi:
Hamadan Univ Med Sci, Dept Biostat, Hamadan, Iran
Mohammadian-Hafshejani, Abdollah:
Shahrekord Univ Med Sci, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, Shahrekord, Iran
Mohammadoo-Khorasani, Milad:
Tarbiat Modares Univ, Dept Clin Biochem, Tehran, Iran
Mohammed, Shafiu:
Heidelberg Univ, Inst Publ Hlth, Heidelberg, Germany
Ahmadu Bello Univ, Hlth Syst & Policy Res Unit, Zaria, Nigeria
Mohebi, Farnam:
Univ Tehran Med Sci, Iran Natl Inst Hlth Res, Tehran, Iran
Mokdad, Ali H.:
Hay, Simon, I Reiner, Robert C
Hay, Simon, I Reiner, Robert C
Monasta, Lorenzo:
Burlo Garofolo Inst Maternal & Child Hlth, Clin Epidemiol & Publ & Hlth Res Unit, Trieste, Italy
Moossavi, Maryam:
Birjand Univ Med Sci, Dept Mol Med, Birjand, Iran
Moradi, Ghobad:
Kurdistan Univ Med Sci, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, Sanandaj, Kurdistan, Iran
Kurdistan Univ Med Sci, Social Determinants Hlth Res Ctr, Sanandaj, Kurdistan, Iran
Moradpour, Farhad:
Kurdistan Univ Med Sci, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, Sanandaj, Kurdistan, Iran
Moradzadeh, Rahmatollah:
Arak Univ Med Sci, Dept Epidemiol, Arak, Iran
Nahvijou, Azin:
Univ Tehran Med Sci, Canc Res Ctr, Tehran, Iran
Naik, Gurudatta:
Univ Alabama Birmingham, Dept Epidemiol, Birmingham, AL USA
Najafi, Farid:
Kermanshah Univ Med Sci, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, Kermanshah, Iran
Nazari, Javad:
Arak Univ Med Sci, Dept Pediat, Arak, Iran
Iranian Minist Hlth & Med Educ, Tehran, Iran
Negoi, Ionut:
Carol Davila Univ Med & Pharm, Emergency Hosp Bucharest, 2nd Sect, Bucharest, Romania
Carol Davila Univ Med & Pharm, Gen Surg Dept, 2nd Sect, Bucharest, Romania
Negru, Serban:
Univ Med & Pharm, Dept Oncol, Timisoara, Romania
Cuong Tat Nguyen:
Duy Tan Univ, Inst Global Hlth Innovat, Hanoi, Vietnam
Trang Huyen Nguyen:
Nguyen Tat Thanh Univ, Ctr Excellence Behav Med, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
Ningrum, Dina Nur Anggraini:
State Univ Semarang, Publ Hlth Sci Dept, Kota Semarang, Indonesia
Taipei Med Univ, Grad Inst Biomed Informat, Taipei, Taiwan
Ogbo, Felix Akpojene:
Western Sydney Univ, Translat Hlth Res Inst, Penrith, NSW, Australia
Olagunju, Andrew T.:
McMaster Univ, Dept Psychiat & Behav Neurosci, Hamilton, ON, Canada
Univ Lagos, Dept Psychiat, Lagos, Nigeria
Olagunju, Tinuke O.:
McMaster Univ, Dept Pathol & Mol Med, Hamilton, ON, Canada
Pana, Adrian:
Bucharest Univ Econ Studies, Dept Stat & Econometr, Bucharest, Romania
Ctr Hlth Outcomes & Evaluat, Bucharest, Romania
Pereira, David M.:
Univ Porto, REQUIMTE LAQV, Porto, Portugal
Cartagena Univ, Cartagena, Colombia
Pirestani, Majid:
Tarbiat Modares Univ, Dept Parasitol & Entomol, Tehran, Iran
Pourshams, Akram:
Univ Tehran Med Sci, Digest Dis Res Inst, Tehran, Iran
Poustchi, Hossein:
Univ Tehran Med Sci, Digest Dis Res Inst, Tehran, Iran
Qorbani, Mostafa:
Alborz Univ Med Sci, Noncommunicable Dis Res Ctr, Karaj, Alborz, Iran
Rabiee, Mohammad:
Amirkabir Univ Technol, Biomed Engn Dept, Tehran, Iran
Rabiee, Navid:
Sharif Univ Technol, Dept Chem, Tehran, Iran
Radfar, Amir:
AT Still Univ, Coll Grad Hlth Sci, Mesa, AZ 85206 USA
Medichem, Barcelona, Spain
Rahmati, Marveh:
Univ Tehran Med Sci, Canc Biol Res Ctr, Tehran, Iran
Rajati, Fatemeh:
Kermanshah Univ Med Sci, Dept Hlth Educ & Promot, Kermanshah, Iran
Raoofi, Samira:
Iran Univ Med Sci, Dept Hlth Serv Management, Tehran, Iran
Rawaf, David Laith:
Imperial Coll London, WHO Collaborating Ctr Publ Hlth Educ & Training, London, England
Univ Coll London Hosp, London, England
Rawaf, Salman:
Imperial Coll London, Dept Primary Care & Publ Hlth, London, England
Publ Hlth England, Acad Publ Hlth, London, England
Renzaho, Andre M. N.:
Western Sydney Univ, Sch Social Sci & Psychol, Penrith, NSW, Australia
Rezaei, Nima:
Univ Tehran Med Sci, Res Ctr Immunodeficiencies, Tehran, Iran
USERN, NIIMA, Tehran, Iran
Rezapour, Aziz:
Iran Univ Med Sci, Hlth Management & Econ Res Ctr, Tehran, Iran
Saad, Anas M.:
Shams Univ, Fac Med, Cairo, Egypt
Saadatagah, Seyedmohammad:
Univ Tehran Med Sci, Dept Cardiol, Tehran, Iran
Saddik, Basema:
Univ Sharjah, Med Dept, Sharjah, U Arab Emirates
Salehi, Farkhonde:
Kermanshah Univ Med Sci, Taleghani Hosp, Kermanshah, Iran
Zahabi, Saleh Salehi:
Kermanshah Univ Med Sci, Radiol & Nucl Med, Kermanshah, Iran
Taleghani Hosp, Res Deputy, Kermanshah, Iran
Salz, Inbal:
Minist Hlth, Hlth & Disabil Intelligence Grp, Wellington, New Zealand
Samy, Abdallah M.:
Shams Univ, Dept Entomol, Cairo, Egypt
Sanabria, Juan:
Marshall Univ, Dept Surg, Huntington, WV USA
Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Nutr & Prevent Med, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA
Milicevic, Milena M. Santric:
Univ Belgrade, Ctr Sch Publ Hlth & Hlth Management, Belgrade, Serbia
Sarveazad, Arash:
Iran Univ Med Sci, Colorectal Res Ctr, Tehran, Iran
Satpathy, Maheswar:
Utkal Univ, UGC Ctr Adv Study Psychol, Bhubaneswar, India
Udyam Global Assoc Sustainable Dev, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
Schneider, Ione J. C.:
Univ Fed Santa Catarina, Sch Hlth Sci, Ararangua, Brazil
Sekerija, Mario:
Univ Zagreb, Dept Med Stat Epidemiol & Med Informat, Zagreb, Croatia
Croatian Inst Publ Hlth, Div Epidemiol & Prevent Chron Noncommunicable Dis, Zagreb, Croatia
Shaahmadi, Faramarz:
Alborz Univ Med Sci, Dept Hlth Promot & Educ, Karaj, Alborz, Iran
Shabaninejad, Hosein:
Iran Univ Med Sci, Dept Hlth Policy, Tehran, Iran
Shamsizadeh, Morteza:
Hamadan Univ Med Sci, Chron Dis Home Care Res Ctr, Hamadan, Iran
Sharafi, Zeinab:
Lorestan Univ Med Sci, Razi Herbal Med Res Ctr, Khorramabad, Iran
Sharif, Mehdi:
Islamic Azad Univ, Dept Basic Sci, Sari, Iran
Islamic Azad Univ, Dept Lab Sci, Sari, Iran
Sharifi, Amrollah:
Golestan Univ Med Sci, Golestan Res Ctr Gastroenterol & Hepatol, Gorgan, Golestan, Iran
Sheikhbahaei, Sara:
Univ Tehran Med Sci, Endocrinol & Metab Res Ctr, Tehran, Iran
Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Radiol & Radiol Sci, Baltimore, MD USA
Shirkoohi, Reza:
Univ Tehran Med Sci, Canc Res Inst, Tehran, Iran
Malleshappa, Sudeep K. Siddappa:
Baystate Med Ctr, Dept Hematol Oncol, Springfield, MA USA
Silva, Diego Augusto Santos:
Univ Fed Santa Catarina, Sch Hlth Sci, Ararangua, Brazil
Sisay, Mekonnen:
Haramaya Univ, Sch Pharm, Harar, Ethiopia
Smarandache, Catalin-Gabriel:
Carol Davila Univ Med & Pharm, Surg Dept SUUB 2, 2nd Sect, Bucharest, Romania
Bucharest Emergency Hosp, Surg Dept 2, Bucharest, Romania
Soofi, Moslem:
Kermanshah Univ Med Sci, Social Dev & Hlth Promot Res Ctr, Kermanshah, Iran
Soreide, Kjetil:
Univ Bergen, Dept Clin Med, Bergen, Norway
Stavanger Univ Hosp, Dept Gastrointestinal Surg, Stavanger, Rogaland, Norway
Soshnikov, Sergey:
Minist Hlth FRIHOI, Res Dev, Moscow, Russia
Tabares-Seisdedos, Rafael:
Univ Valencia, Dept Med, Valencia, Spain
Biomed Res Networking Ctr Mental Hlth Network Cib, Carlos III Hlth Inst, Madrid, Spain
Sullman, Mark:
Univ Nicosia, Dept Social Sci, Nicosia, Cyprus
Taherkhani, Amir:
Hamadan Univ Med Sci, Res Ctr Mol Med, Hamadan, Iran
Tesfay, Berhe Etsay:
Adigrat Univ, Dept Publ Hlth, Adigrat, Ethiopia
Topor-Madry, Roman:
Jagiellonian Univ, Med Coll, Fac Hlth Sci, Krakow, Poland
Agcy Hlth Technol Assessment & Tariff Syst, Warsaw, Poland
Traini, Eugenio:
Burlo Garofolo Inst Maternal & Child Hlth, Clin Epidemiol & Publ & Hlth Res Unit, Trieste, Italy
Bach Xuan Tran:
Hanoi Med Univ, Dept Hlth Econ, Hanoi, Vietnam
Khanh Bao Tran:
Univ Auckland, Mol Med & Pathol, Auckland, New Zealand
Mil Med Univ, Clin Hematol & Toxicol, Hanoi, Vietnam
Ullah, Irfan:
Gomal Univ, Gomal Ctr Biochem & Biotechnol, Dera Ismail Khan, Pakistan
Mufti Mehmood Mem Teaching Hosp, TB Culture Lab, Dera Ismail Khan, Pakistan
Uthman, Olalekan A.:
Univ Warwick, Div Hlth Sci, Coventry, W Midlands, England
Vacante, Marco:
Univ Catania, Dept Gen Surg & Med Surg Specialties, Catania, Italy
Vahedian-Azimi, Amir:
Baqiyatallah Univ Med Sci, Tehran, Iran
Valli, Alessandro:
Univ Catania, Dept Gen Surg & Med Surg Specialties, Catania, Italy
Varavikova, Elena:
Minist Hlth FRIHOI, Cent Res Inst Cytol & Genet, Moscow, Russia
Vujcic, Isidora S.:
Univ Belgrade, Fac Med, Inst Epidemiol, Belgrade, Serbia
Westerman, Ronny:
Fed Inst Populat Res, Competence Ctr Mortal Follow Up, German Natl Cohort, Wiesbaden, Hesse, Germany
Yazdi-Feyzabadi, Vahid:
Kerman Univ Med Sci, Dept Hlth Management Policy & Econ, Kerman, Iran
Kerman Univ Med Sci, Hlth Serv Management Res Ctr, Kerman, Iran
Yisma, Engida:
Addis Ababa Univ, Sch Allied Hlth Sci, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Yu, Chuanhua:
Wuhan Univ, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, Wuhan, Hubei, Peoples R China
Wuhan Univ, Global Hlth Inst, Wuhan, Hubei, Peoples R China
Zadnik, Vesna:
Inst Oncol Ljubljana, Epidemiol & Canc Registry Sect, Ljubljana, Slovenia
Moghadam, Telma Zahirian:
Iran Univ Med Sci, Hlth Management & Econ Res Ctr, Tehran, Iran
Ardabil Univ Med Sci, Social Determinants Hlth Res Ctr, Ardebil, Iran
Zaki, Leila:
Tarbiat Modares Univ, Dept Parasitol & Entomol, Tehran, Iran
Zandian, Hamed:
Ardabil Univ Med Sci, Dept Community Med, Ardebil, Iran
Ardabil Univ Med Sci, Social Determinants Hlth Res Ctr, Ardebil, Iran
Zhang, Zhi-Jiang:
Wuhan Univ, Dept Prevent Med, Wuhan, Hubei, Peoples R China
Murray, Christopher J. L.:
Univ Washington, Sch Med, Dept Hlth Metr Sci, Seattle, WA 98121 USA
Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98121 USA
Naghavi, Mohsen:
Univ Washington, Sch Med, Dept Hlth Metr Sci, Seattle, WA 98121 USA
Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98121 USA
Malekzadeh, Reza:
Univ Tehran Med Sci, Digest Dis Res Inst, Tehran, Iran
Shiraz Univ Med Sci, Noncommunicable Dis Res Ctr, Shiraz, Iran
hybrid, Green Published, Green Accepted
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