Global, regional, and national under-5 mortality, adult mortality, age-specific mortality, and life expectancy, 1970-2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016


Por: Wang, Haidong, Abajobir, Amanuel Alemu, Abate, Kalkidan Hassen, Abbafati, Cristiana, Abbas, Kaja M., Abd-Allah, Foad, Abera, Semaw Ferede, Abraha, Haftom Niguse, Abu-Raddad, Laith J., Abu-Rmeileh, Niveen M. E., Adedeji, Isaac Akinkunmi, Adedoyin, Rufus Adesoji, Adetifa, Ifedayo Morayo O., Adetokunboh, Olatunji, Afshin, Ashkan, Aggarwal, Rakesh, Agrawal, Anurag, Agrawal, Sutapa, Kiadaliri, Aliasghar Ahmad, Ahmed, Muktar Beshir, Aichour, Amani Nidhal, Aichour, Ibthiel, Aichour, Miloud Taki Eddine, Aiyar, Sneha, Akanda, Shafqat, Akinyemiju, Tomi F., Akseer, Nadia, Al-Eyadhy, Ayman, Al Lami, Faris Hasan, Alabed, Samer, Alahdab, Fares, Al-Aly, Ziyad, Alam, Khurshid, Alam, Noore, Alasfoor, Deena, Aldridge, Robert William, Alene, Kefyalew Addis, Alhabib, Samia, Ali, Raghib, Alizadeh-Navaei, Reza, Aljunid, Syed M., Alkaabi, Juma M., Alkerwi, Ala'a, Alla, Francois, Allam, Shalini D., Allebeck, Peter, Al-Raddadi, Rajaa, Alsharif, Ubai, Altirkawi, Khalid A., Martin, Elena Alvarez, Alvis-Guzman, Nelson, Amare, Azmeraw T., Ameh, Emmanuel A., Amini, Erfan, Ammar, Walid, Amoako, Yaw Ampem, Anber, Nahla, Andrei, Catalina Liliana, Androudi, Sofia, Ansari, Hossein, Ansha, Mustafa Geleto, Antonio, Carl Abelardo T., Anwari, Palwasha, Arnlov, Johan, Arora, Megha, Al Artaman, Aryal, Krishna Kumar, Asayesh, Hamid, Asgedom, Solomon Weldegebreal, Asghar, Rana Jawad, Assadi, Reza, Atey, Tesfay Mehari, Atre, Sachin R., Avila-Burgos, Leticia, Avokpaho, Euripide Frinel G. Arthur, Awasthi, Ashish, Quintanilla, Beatriz Paulina Ayala, Babalola, Tesleem Kayode, Bacha, Umar, Badawi, Alaa, Balakrishnan, Kalpana, Balalla, Shivanthi, Barac, Aleksandra, Barber, Ryan M., Barboza, Miguel A., Barker-Collo, Suzanne L., Barnighausen, Till, Barquera, Simon, Barregard, Lars, Barrero, Lope H., Baune, Bernhard T., Bazargan-Hejazi, Shahrzad, Bedi, Neeraj, Beghi, Ettore, Bejot, Yannick, Bekele, Bayu Begashaw, Bell, Michelle L., Bello, Aminu K., Bennett, Derrick A., Bennett, James R., Bensenor, Isabela M., Benson, Jennifer, Berhane, Adugnaw, Berhe, Derbew Fikadu, Bernabe, Eduardo, Beuran, Mircea, Beyene, Addisu Shunu, Bhala, Neeraj, Bhansali, Anil, Bhaumik, Soumyadeep, Bhutta, Zulfiqar A., Bikbov, Boris, Birungi, Charles, Biryukov, Stan, Bisanzio, Donal, Bizuayehu, Habtamu Mellie, Bjerregaard, Peter, Blosser, Christopher D., Boneya, Dube Jara, Boufous, Soufiane, Bourne, Rupert R. A., Brazinova, Alexandra, Breitborde, Nicholas J. K., Brenner, Hermann, Brugha, Traolach S., Bukhman, Gene, Negesa, Lemma, Bulto, Bulto, Bumgarner, Blair Randal, Burch, Michael, Butt, Zahid A., Cahill, Leah E., Cahuana-Hurtado, Lucero, Campos-Nonato, Ismael Ricardo, Car, Josip, Car, Mate, Crdenas, Rosario, Carpenter, David O., Carrero, Juan Jesus, Carter, Austin, Castaneda-Orjuela, Carlos A., Rivas, Jacqueline Castillo, Castro, Franz F., Castro, Ruben Estanislao, Catala-Lopez, Ferran, Chen, Honglei, Chiang, Peggy Pei-Chia, Chibalabala, Mirriam, Chisumpa, Vesper Hichilombwe, Chitheer, Abdulaal A., Choi, Jee-Young Jasmine, Christensen, Hanne, Christopher, Devasahayam Jesudas, Ciobanu, Liliana G., Cirillo, Massimo, Cohen, Aaron J., Colquhoun, Samantha M., Coresh, Josef, Criqui, Michael H., Cromwell, Elizabeth A., Crump, John A., Dandona, Lalit, Dandona, Rakhi, Dargan, Paul I., das Neves, Jose, Davey, Gail, Davitoiu, Dragos V., Davletov, Kairat, de Courten, Barbora, De Leo, Diego, Degenhardt, Louisa, Deiparine, Selina, Dellavalle, Robert P., Deribe, Kebede, Deribew, Amare, Des Jarlais, Don C., Dey, Subhojit, Dharmaratne, Samath D., Dherani, Mukesh K., Diaz-Torne, Cesar, Ding, Eric L., Dixit, Priyanka, Djalalinia, Shirin, Huyen Phuc Do, Doku, David Teye, Donnelly, Christl Ann, Priscila, Kadine, dos Santos, Bender, Douwes-Schultz, Dirk, Driscoll, Tim R., Duan, Leilei, Dubey, Manisha, Duncan, Bruce Bartholow, Dwivedi, Laxmi Kant, Ebrahimi, Hedyeh, El Bcheraoui, Charbel, Ellingsen, Christian Lycke, Enayati, Ahmadali, Endries, Aman Yesuf, Ermakov, Sergey Petrovich, Eshetie, Setegn, Eshrati, Babak, Eskandarieh, Sharareh, Esteghamati, Alireza, Estep, Kara, Fanuel, Belayneh Bekele Fanuel, Faro, Andre, Farvid, Maryam S., Farzadfar, Farshad, Feigin, Valery L., Fereshtehnejad, Seyed-Mohammad, Fernandes, Jefferson G., Fernandes, Joao C., Feyissa, Tesfaye Regassa, Filip, Irina, Fischer, Florian, Foigt, Nataliya, Foreman, Kyle J., Frank, Tahvi, Franklin, Richard C., Fraser, Maya, Friedman, Joseph, Frostad, Joseph J., Fullman, Nancy, Furst, Thomas, Furtado, Joao M., Futran, Neal D., Gakidou, Emmanuela, Gambashidze, Ketevan, Gamkrelidze, Amiran, Gankpe, Fortune Gbetoho, Garcia-Basteiro, Alberto L., Gebregergs, Gebremedhin Berhe, Gebrehiwot, Tsegaye Tewelde, Gebrekidan, Kahsu Gebrekirstos, Gebremichael, Mengistu Welday, Gelaye, Amha Admasie, Geleijnse, Johanna M., Gemechu, Bikila Lencha, Gemechu, Kasiye Shiferaw, Genova-Maleras, Ricard, Gesesew, Hailay Abrha, Gething, Peter W., Gibney, Katherine B., Gill, Paramjit Singh, Gillum, Richard F., Giref, Ababi Zergaw, Girma, Bedilu Weji, Giussani, Giorgia, Goenka, Shifalika, Gomez, Beatriz, Gona, Philimon N., Gopalani, Sameer Vali, Goulart, Alessandra Carvalho, Graetz, Nicholas, Gugnani, Harish Chander, Gupta, Prakash C., Gupta, Rahul, Gupta, Rajeev, Gupta, Tanush, Gupta, Vipin, Haagsma, Juanita A., Hafezi-Nejad, Nima, Bidgoli, Hassan Haghparast, Hakuzimana, Alex, Halasa, Yara A., Hamadeh, Randah Ribhi, Hambisa, Mitiku Teshome, Hamidi, Samer, Hammami, Mouhanad, Hancock, Jamie, Handal, Alexis J., Hankey, Graeme J., Hao, Yuantao, Harb, Hilda L., Hareri, Habtamu Abera, Harikrishnan, Sivadasanpillai, Haro JM, Hassanvand, Mohammad Sadegh, Havmoeller, Rasmus, Hay, Roderick J., Hay, Simon I., He, Fei, Heredia-Pi, Ileana Beatriz, Herteliu, Claudiu, Hilawe, Esayas Haregot, Hoek, Hans W., Horita, Nobuyuki, Hosgood, H. Dean, Hostiuc, Sorin, Hotez, Peter J., Hoy, Damian G., Hsairi, Mohamed, Htet, Aung Soe, Hu, Guoqing, Huang, Hsiang, Huang, John J., Iburg, Kim Moesgaard, Igumbor, Ehimario Uche, Ileanu, Bogdan Vasile, Inoue, Manami, Irenso, Asnake Ararsa, Irvine, Caleb M. S., Islam, Nazrul, Jacobsen, Kathryn H., Jaenisch, Thomas, Jahanmehr, Nader, Jakovljevic, Mihajlo B., Javanbakht, Mehdi, Jayatilleke, Achala Upendra, Jeemon, Panniyammakal, Jensen, Paul N., Jha, Vivekanand, Jin, Ye, John, Denny, John, Oommen, Johnson, Sarah Charlotte, Jonas, Jost B., Jurisson, Mikk, Kabir, Zubair, Kadel, Rajendra, Kahsay, Amaha, Kalkonde, Yogeshwar, Kamal, Ritul, Kan, Haidong, Karch, Andre, Karema, Corine Kakizi, Karimi, Seyed M., Karthikeyan, Ganesan, Kasaeian, Amir, Kassaw, Nigussie Assefa, Kassebaum, Nicholas J., Kastor, Anshul, Katikireddi, Srinivasa Vittal, Kaul, Anil, Kawakami, Norito, Kazanjan, Konstantin, Keiyoro, Peter Njenga, Kelbore, Sefonias Getachew, Kemp, Andrew Haddon, Kengne, Andre Pascal, Keren, Andre, Kereselidze, Maia, Kesavachandran, Chandrasekharan Nair, Ketema, Ezra Belay, Khader, Yousef Saleh, Khalil, Ibrahim A., Khan, Ejaz Ahmad, Khan, Gulfaraz, Khang, Young-Ho, Khera, Sahil, Khoja, Abdullah Tawfih Abdullah, Khosravi, Mohammad Hossein, Kibret, Getiye Dejenu, Kieling, Christian, Kim, Cho-Il, Kim, Daniel, Kim, Pauline, Kim, Sungroul, Kim, Yun Jin, Kimokoti, Ruth W., Kinfu, Yohannes, Kishawi, Sami, Kissimova-Skarbek, Katarzyna A., Kissoon, Niranjan, Kivimaki, Mika, Knudsen, Ann Kristin, Kokubo, Yoshihiro, Kopec, Jacek A., Kosen, Soewarta, Koul, Parvaiz A., Koyanagi A, Kravchenko, Michael, Krohn, Kristopher J., Defo, Barthelemy Kuate, Bicer, Burcu Kucuk, Kuipers, Ernst J., Kulikoff, Xie Rachel, Kulkarni, Veena S., Kumar, G. Anil, Kumar, Pushpendra, Kumsa, Fekede Asefa, Kutz, Michael, Lachat, Carl, Lagat, Abraham K., Lager, Anton Carl Jonas, Lal, Dharmesh Kumar, Lalloo, Ratilal, Lambert, Nkurunziza, Lan, Qing, Lansingh, Van C., Larson, Heidi J., Larsson, Anders, Laryea, Dennis Odai, Lavados, Pablo M., Laxmaiah, Avula, Lee, Paul H., Leigh, James, Leung, Janni, Leung, Ricky, Levi, Miriam, Li, Yongmei, Liao, Yu, Liben, Misgan Legesse, Lim, Stephen S., Linn, Shai, Lipshultz, Steven E., Liu, Shiwei, Lodha, Rakesh, Logroscino, Giancarlo, Lorch, Scott A., Lorkowski, Stefan, Lotufo, Paulo A., Lozano, Rafael, Lunevicius, Raimundas, Lyons, Ronan A., Ma, Stefan, Macarayan, Erlyn Rachelle King, Machado, Isis Eloah, Mackay, Mark T., Abd el Razek, Mohammed Magdy, Magis-Rodriguez, Carlos, Mahdavi, Mahdi, Majdan, Marek, Majdzadeh, Reza, Majeed, Azeem, Malekzadeh, Reza, Malhotra, Rajesh, Malta, Deborah Carvalho, Mantovani, Lorenzo G., Manyazewal, Tsegahun, Mapoma, Chabila C., Marczak, Laurie B., Marks, Guy B., Martinez-Raga, Jose, Martins-Melo, Francisco Rogerlndio, Massano, Joao, Maulik, Pallab K., Mayosi, Bongani M., Mazidi, Mohsen, McAlinden, Colm, McGarvey, Stephen Theodore, McGrath, John J., Mckee, Martin, Mehata, Suresh, Mehndiratta, Man Mohan, Mehta, Kala M., Meier, Toni, Mekonnen, Tefera Chane, Meles, Kidanu Gebremariam, Memiah, Peter, Memish, Ziad A., Mendoza, Walter, Mengesha, Melkamu Merid, Mengistie, Mubarek Abera, Tadese, Desalegn, Menon, Mengistu Geetha R., Menota, Bereket Gebremichael, Mensah, George A., Meretoja, Atte, Meretoja, Tuomo J., Mezgebe, Haftay Berhane, Micha, Renata, Mikesell, Joseph, Miller, Ted R., Mills, Edward J., Minnig, Shawn, Mirarefin, Mojde, Mirrakhimov, Erkin M., Misganaw, Awoke, Mishra, Shiva Raj, Mohammad, Karzan Abdulmuhsin, Mohammadi, Alireza, Mohammed, Kedir Endris Shafiu Mohammed, Mohan, Murali B. V., Mohanty, Sanjay K., Mokdad, Ali H., Assaye, Ashagre Molla, Mollenkopf, Sarah K., Molokhia, Mariam, Monasta, Lorenzo, Hernandez, Julio Cesar Montanez, Montico, Marcella, Mooney, Meghan D., Moore, Ami R., Moradi-Lakeh, Maziar, Moraga, Paula, Morawska, Lidia, Velasquez, Ilais Moreno, Mori, Rintaro, Morrison, Shane D., Mruts, Kalayu Birhane, Mueller, Ulrich O., Mullany, Erin, Muller, Kate, Venkata, Gudlavalleti, Murthy, Satyanarayana, Murthy, Srinivas, Musa, Kamarul Imran, Nachega, Jean B., Nagata, Chie, Nagel, Gabriele, Naghavi, Mohsen, Naidoo, Kovin S., Nanda, Lipika, Nangia, Vinay, Nascimento, Bruno Ramos, Natarajan, Gopalakrishnan, Negoi, Ionut, Cuong Tat Nguyen, Ningrum, Dina Nur Anggraini, Nisar, Muhammad Imran, Nomura, Marika, Vuong Minh Nong, Norheim, Ole F., Norrving, Bo, Noubiap, Jean Jacques N., Nyakarahuka, Luke, Obermeyer, Carla Makhlouf, O'Donnell, Martin J., Ogbo, Felix Akpojene, Oh, In-Hwan, Okoro, Anselm, Oladimeji, Olanrewaju, Olagunju, Andrew Toyin, Olusanya, Bolajoko Olubukunola, Olusanya, Jacob Olusegun, Oren, Eyal, Ortiz, Alberto, Osgood-Zimmerman, Aaron, Ota, Erika, Owolabi, Mayowa O., Oyekale, Abayomi Samuel, Pa, Mahesh, Pacella, Rosana E., Pakhale, Smita, Pana, Adrian, Panda, Basant Kumar, Panda-Jonas, Songhomitra, Park, Eun-Kee, Parsaeian, Mahboubeh, Patel, Tejas, Patten, Scott B., Patton, George C., Paudel, Deepak, Pereira, David M., Perez-Padilla, Rogelio, Perez-Ruiz, Fernando, Perico, Norberto, Pervaiz, Aslam, Pesudovs, Konrad, Peterson, Carrie Beth, Petri, William Arthur, Petzold, Max, Phillips, Michael Robert, Piel, Frederic B., Pigott, David M., Pishgar, Farhad, Plass, Dietrich, Polinder, Suzanne, Popova, Svetlana, Postma, Maarten J., Poulton, Richie G., Pourmalek, Farshad, Prasad, Narayan, Purwar, Manorama, Qorbani, Mostafa, Rabiee, Rynaz H. S., Radfar, Amir, Rafay, Anwar, Rahimi-Movaghar, Afarin, Rahimi-Movaghar, Vafa, Rahman, Mahfuzar, Rahman, Mohammad Hifz Ur, Rahman, Sajjad Ur, Rai, Rajesh Kumar, Rajsic, Sasa, Ram, Usha, Rana, Saleem M., Ranabhat, Chhabi Lal, Rao, Paturi Vishnupriya, Rawaf, Salman, Ray, Sarah E., Rego, Maria Albertina Santiago, Rehm, Jugen, Reiner, Robert C., Remuzzi, Giuseppe, Renzaho, Andre M. N. N., Resnikoff, Serge, Rezaei, Satar, Rezai, Mohammad Sadegh, Ribeiro, Antonio L., Rokni, Mohammad Bagher, Ronfani, Luca, Roshandel, Gholamreza, Roth, Gregory A., Rothenbacher, Dietrich, Roy, Ambuj, Rubagotti, Enrico, Ruhago, George Mugambage, Saadat, Soheil, Sabde, Yogesh Damodar, Sachdev, Perminder S., Sadat, Nafis, Safdarian, Mahdi, Safiri, Sare Safi Saeid, Sagar, Rajesh, Sahathevan, Ramesh, Sahebkar, Amirhossein, Sahraian, Mohammad Ali, Salama, Joseph, Salamati, Payman, Salomon, Joshua A., Salvi, Sundeep Santosh, Samy, Abdallah M., Sanabria, Juan Ramon, Sanchez-Nino, Maria Dolores, Santos, Itamar S., Milicevic, Milena M. Santric, Sarmiento-Suarez, Rodrigo, Sartorius, Benn, Satpathy, Maheswar, Sawhney, Monika, Saxena, Sonia, Saylan, Mete I., Schmidt, Maria Ines, Schneider, Ione J. C., Schutte, Aletta E., Schwebel, David C., Schwendicke, Falk, Seedat, Soraya, Seid, Abdulbasit Musa, Sepanlou, Sadaf G., Servan-Mori, Edson E., Shackelford, Katya Anne, Shaheen, Amira, Shahraz, Saeid, Shaikh, Masood Ali, Shamsipour, Mansour, Shamsizadeh, Morteza, Islam, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful, Sharma, Jayendra, Sharma, Rajesh, She, Jun, Shen, Jiabin, Shetty, Balakrishna P., Shi, Peilin, Shibuya, Kenji, Shigematsu, Mika, Shiri, Rahman, Shiue, Ivy, Shrime, Mark G., Sigfusdottir, Inga Dora, Silberberg, Donald H., Silpakit, Naris, Silva, Diego Augusto Santos, Silva, Joao Pedro, Silveira, Dayane Gabriele Alves, Sindi, Shireen, Singh, Abhishek, Singh, Jasvinder A., Singh, Prashant Kumar, Singh, Virendra, Sinha, Dhirendra Narain, Skiadaresi, Eirini, Sligar, Amber, Smith, David L., Sobaih, Badr H. A., Sobngwi, Eugene, Soneji, Samir, Soriano, Joan B., Sreeramareddy, Chandrashekhar T., Srinivasan, Vinay, Stathopoulou, Vasiliki, Steel, Nicholas, Stein, Dan J., Steiner, Caitlyn, Stockl, Heidi, Stokes, Mark Andrew, Strong, Mark, Sufiyan, Muawiyyah Babale, Suliankatchi, Rizwan Abdulkader, Sunguya, Bruno F., Sur, Patrick J., Swaminathan, Soumya, Sykes, Bryan L., Szoeke, Cassandra E. 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A., Workicho, Abdulhalik, Workie, Shimelash Bitew, Xavier, Denis, Xu, Gelin, Yaghoubi, Mohsen, Yakob, Bereket, Yalew, Ayalnesh Zemene, Yan, Lijing L., Yano, Yuichiro, Yaseri, Mehdi, Ye, Pengpeng, Yimam, Hassen Hamid, Yip, Paul, Yirsaw, Biruck Desalegn, Yonemoto, Naohiro, Yoon, Seok-Jun, Yotebieng, Marcel, Younis, Mustafa Z., Zaidi, Zoubida, Zaki, Maysaa El Sayed, Zeeb, Hajo, Zenebe, Zerihun Menlkalew, Zerfu, Taddese Alemu, Zhang, Anthony Lin, Zhang, Xueying, Zodpey, Sanjay, Zuhlke, Liesl Joanna, Lopez, Alan D. and Murray, Christopher J. L.
Publicada: 16 sep 2017
Categoría: Medicine (miscellaneous)
Resumen:
Background Detailed assessments of mortality patterns, particularly age-specific mortality, represent a crucial input that enables health systems to target interventions to specific populations. Understanding how all-cause mortality has changed with respect to development status can identify exemplars for best practice. To accomplish this, the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2016 (GBD 2016) estimated age-specific and sex-specific all-cause mortality between 1970 and 2016 for 195 countries and territories and at the subnational level for the five countries with a population greater than 200 million in 2016. Methods We have evaluated how well civil registration systems captured deaths using a set of demographic methods called death distribution methods for adults and from consideration of survey and census data for children younger than 5 years. We generated an overall assessment of completeness of registration of deaths by dividing registered deaths in each location-year by our estimate of all-age deaths generated from our overall estimation process. For 163 locations, including subnational units in countries with a population greater than 200 million with complete vital registration (VR) systems, our estimates were largely driven by the observed data, with corrections for small fluctuations in numbers and estimation for recent years where there were lags in data reporting (lags were variable by location, generally between 1 year and 6 years). For other locations, we took advantage of different data sources available to measure under-5 mortality rates (U5MR) using complete birth histories, summary birth histories, and incomplete VR with adjustments; we measured adult mortality rate (the probability of death in individuals aged 15-60 years) using adjusted incomplete VR, sibling histories, and household death recall. We used the U5MR and adult mortality rate, together with crude death rate due to HIV in the GBD model life table system, to estimate age-specific and sex-specific death rates for each location-year. Using various international databases, we identified fatal discontinuities, which we defined as increases in the death rate of more than one death per million, resulting from conflict and terrorism, natural disasters, major transport or technological accidents, and a subset of epidemic infectious diseases; these were added to estimates in the relevant years. In 47 countries with an identified peak adult prevalence for HIV/AIDS of more than 0.5% and where VR systems were less than 65% complete, we informed our estimates of age-sex-specific mortality using the Estimation and Projection Package (EPP)-Spectrum model fitted to national HIV/AIDS prevalence surveys and antenatal clinic serosurveillance systems. We estimated stillbirths, early neonatal, late neonatal, and childhood mortality using both survey and VR data in spatiotemporal Gaussian process regression models. We estimated abridged life tables for all location-years using age-specific death rates. We grouped locations into development quintiles based on the Sociodemographic Index (SDI) and analysed mortality trends by quintile. Using spline regression, we estimated the expected mortality rate for each age-sex group as a function of SDI. We identified countries with higher life expectancy than expected by comparing observed life expectancy to anticipated life expectancy on the basis of development status alone. Findings Completeness in the registration of deaths increased from 28% in 1970 to a peak of 45% in 2013; completeness was lower after 2013 because of lags in reporting. Total deaths in children younger than 5 years decreased from 1970 to 2016, and slower decreases occurred at ages 5-24 years. By contrast, numbers of adult deaths increased in each 5-year age bracket above the age of 25 years. The distribution of annualised rates of change in age-specific mortality rate differed over the period 2000 to 2016 compared with earlier decades: increasing annualised rates of change were less frequent, although rising annualised rates of change still occurred in some locations, particularly for adolescent and younger adult age groups. Rates of stillbirths and under-5 mortality both decreased globally from 1970. Evidence for global convergence of death rates was mixed; although the absolute difference between age-standardised death rates narrowed between countries at the lowest and highest levels of SDI, the ratio of these death rates-a measure of relative inequality-increased slightly. There was a strong shift between 1970 and 2016 toward higher life expectancy, most noticeably at higher levels of SDI. Among countries with populations greater than 1 million in 2016, life expectancy at birth was highest for women in Japan, at 86.9 years (95% UI 86.7-87.2), and for men in Singapore, at 81.3 years (78.8-83.7) in 2016. Male life expectancy was generally lower than female life expectancy between 1970 and 2016, and the gap between male and female life expectancy increased with progression to higher levels of SDI. Some countries with exceptional health performance in 1990 in terms of the difference in observed to expected life expectancy at birth had slower progress on the same measure in 2016. Interpretation Globally, mortality rates have decreased across all age groups over the past five decades, with the largest improvements occurring among children younger than 5 years. However, at the national level, considerable heterogeneity remains in terms of both level and rate of changes in age-specific mortality; increases in mortality for certain age groups occurred in some locations. We found evidence that the absolute gap between countries in age-specific death rates has declined, although the relative gap for some age-sex groups increased. Countries that now lead in terms of having higher observed life expectancy than that e
Filiaciones:
Wang, Haidong:
 Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
Abajobir, Amanuel Alemu:
 Univ Queensland, Sch Publ Hlth, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
Abate, Kalkidan Hassen:
 Jimma Univ, Jimma, Ethiopia
Abbafati, Cristiana:
 Univ Roma La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
Abbas, Kaja M.:
 Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA USA
Abd-Allah, Foad:
 Cairo Univ, Dept Neurol, Cairo, Egypt
Abera, Semaw Ferede:
 Mekelle Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Mekelle, Ethiopia

 Univ Hohenheim, Food Secur & Inst Biol Chem & Nutr, Stuttgart, Germany
Abraha, Haftom Niguse:
 Mekelle Univ, Mekelle, Ethiopia
Abu-Raddad, Laith J.:
 Weill Cornell Med Coll Qatar, Infect Dis Epidemiol Grp, Doha, Qatar
Abu-Rmeileh, Niveen M. E.:
 Birzeit Univ, Inst Community & Publ Hlth, Ramallah, Palestine
Adedeji, Isaac Akinkunmi:
 Olabisi Onabanjo Univ, Ago Iwoye, Nigeria
Adedoyin, Rufus Adesoji:
 Obafemi Awolowo Univ, Dept Med Rehabil, Ife, Nigeria
Adetifa, Ifedayo Morayo O.:
 London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, London, England

 KEMRI, Wellcome Trust Res Programme, Kilifi, Kenya
Adetokunboh, Olatunji:
 Stellenbosch Univ, Cape Town, South Africa
Afshin, Ashkan:
 Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
Aggarwal, Rakesh:
 Sanjay Gandhi Postgrad Inst Med Sci, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
Agrawal, Anurag:
 CSIR, Inst Genom & Integrat Biol, Delhi, India

 Baylor Coll Med, Dept Internal Med, Houston, TX 77030 USA
Agrawal, Sutapa:
 Publ Hlth Fdn India, Gurugram, India
Kiadaliri, Aliasghar Ahmad:
 Lund Univ, Dept Clin Sci Lund, Orthoped Clin Epidemiol Unit, Lund, Sweden
Ahmed, Muktar Beshir:
 Jimma Univ, Dept Epidemiol, Coll Hlth Sci, Jimma, Ethiopia
Aichour, Amani Nidhal:
 Univ Ferhat Abbas Setif, Setif, Algeria
Aichour, Ibthiel:
 Natl Inst Nursing Educ, Setif, Algeria
Aichour, Miloud Taki Eddine:
 High Natl Sch Vet Med, Algiers, Algeria
Aiyar, Sneha:
 Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
Akanda, Shafqat:
 Univ Rhode Isl, Kingston, RI 02881 USA
Akinyemiju, Tomi F.:
 Univ Alabama Birmingham, Dept Epidemiol, Birmingham, AL USA
Akseer, Nadia:
 Hosp Sick Children, Ctr Global Child Hlth, Toronto, ON, Canada

 Univ Toronto, Dalla Lana Sch Publ Hlth, Toronto, ON, Canada
Al-Eyadhy, Ayman:
 King Saud Univ, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

 King Faisal Specialist Hosp & Res Ctr, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
Al Lami, Faris Hasan:
 Baghdad Coll Med, Baghdad, Iraq
Alabed, Samer:
 Univ Sheffield, Sheffield, S Yorkshire, England
Alahdab, Fares:
 Mayo Clin Fdn Med Educ & Res, Rochester, MN USA

 Syrian Amer Med Soc, Washington, DC USA
Al-Aly, Ziyad:
 Washington Univ, St Louis, MO USA
Alam, Khurshid:
 Univ Melbourne, Murdoch Childrens Res Inst, Melbourne, Vic, Australia

 Univ Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic, Australia

 Univ Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
Alam, Noore:
 Dept Hlth, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
Alasfoor, Deena:
 Minist Hlth, Al Khuwair, Oman
Aldridge, Robert William:
 UCL, Ctr Publ Hlth Data Sci, Farr Inst Hlth Informat Res, London, England
Alene, Kefyalew Addis:
 Univ Gondar, Dept Epidemiol & Biostatist, Inst Publ Hlth, Gondar, Ethiopia

 Australian Natl Univ, Res Sch Populat Hlth, Dept Global Hlth, Canberra, ACT, Australia
Alhabib, Samia:
 King Abdullah Bin Abdulaziz Univ Hosp, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
Ali, Raghib:
 Univ Oxford, Oxford, England
Alizadeh-Navaei, Reza:
 Mazandaran Univ Med Sci, Gastrointestinal Canc Res Ctr, Sari, Iran
Aljunid, Syed M.:
 Kuwait Univ, Fac Publ Hlth, Kuwait, Kuwait

 Natl Univ Malaysia, Int Ctr Casemix & Clin Coding, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Alkaabi, Juma M.:
 United Arab Emirates Univ, Coll Med & Hlth Sci, Al Ain, U Arab Emirates
Alkerwi, Ala'a:
 LIH, Strassen, Luxembourg
Alla, Francois:
 Univ Lorraine, Sch Publ Hlth, Nancy, France
Allam, Shalini D.:
 Univ Cent Florida, Coll Med, Orlando, FL 32816 USA
Allebeck, Peter:
 Karolinska Inst, Dept Publ Hlth Sci, Stockholm, Sweden
Al-Raddadi, Rajaa:
 Joint Program Family & Community Med, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
Alsharif, Ubai:
 Charite, Berlin, Germany
Altirkawi, Khalid A.:
 King Saud Univ, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
Martin, Elena Alvarez:
 Minist Hlth Social Policy & Equal, Govt Delegat Natl Plan Drugs, Spanish Observ Drugs, Madrid, Spain
Alvis-Guzman, Nelson:
 Univ Cartagena, Cartagena Di Indias, Colombia
Amare, Azmeraw T.:
 Univ Adelaide, Sch Med, Adelaide, SA, Australia

 Bahir Dar Univ, Coll Med & Hlth Sci, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
Ameh, Emmanuel A.:
 Natl Hosp, Abuja, Nigeria
Amini, Erfan:
 Univ Tehran Med Sci, Uro Oncol Res Ctr, Tehran, Iran

 Univ Tehran Med Sci, Noncommun Dis Res Ctr, Tehran, Iran
Ammar, Walid:
 Minist Publ Hlth, Beirut, Lebanon
Amoako, Yaw Ampem:
 Komfo Anokye Teaching Hosp, Dept Med, Kumasi, Ghana
Anber, Nahla:
 Mansoura Univ, Mansoura, Egypt
Andrei, Catalina Liliana:
 Univ Med & Pharm Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
Androudi, Sofia:
 Univ Thessaly, Larisa, Greece
Ansari, Hossein:
 Zahedan Univ Med Sci, Hlth Promot Res Ctr, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, Zahedan, Iran
Ansha, Mustafa Geleto:
 West Hararghe Zonal Hlth Dept, Chiro, Ethiopia
Antonio, Carl Abelardo T.:
 Univ Philippines Manila, Coll Publ Hlth, Dept Hlth Policy & Adm, Manila, Philippines
Arnlov, Johan:
 Karolinska Inst, Dept Neurobiol Care Sci & Soc, Div Family Med & Primary Care, Stockholm, Sweden

 Dalarna Univ, Sch Hlth & Social Studies, Falun, Sweden
Arora, Megha:
 Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
Al Artaman:
 Univ Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
Aryal, Krishna Kumar:
 Nepal Hlth Res Council, Kathmandu, Nepal

 Univ Oslo, Oslo, Norway
Asayesh, Hamid:
 Qom Univ Med Sci, Sch Paramed, Dept Med Emergency, Qom, Iran
Asgedom, Solomon Weldegebreal:
 Mekelle Univ, Mekelle, Ethiopia
Asghar, Rana Jawad:
 South Asian Publ Hlth Forum, Islamabad, Pakistan
Assadi, Reza:
 Mashhad Univ Med Sci, Mashhad, Iran
Atey, Tesfay Mehari:
 Mekelle Univ, Mekelle, Ethiopia
Atre, Sachin R.:
 Johns Hopkins Univ, CCGHE, Baltimore, MD USA

 Dr DY Patil Vidyapeeth Pune, Pune, Maharashtra, India
Avila-Burgos, Leticia:
 Natl Inst Publ Hlth, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
Avokpaho, Euripide Frinel G. Arthur:
 IRCB, Cotonou, Benin

 Lab Etude & Rech Act St LERAS Afrique, Parakou, Benin
Awasthi, Ashish:
 Sanjay Gandhi Postgrad Inst Med Sci, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
Quintanilla, Beatriz Paulina Ayala:
 La Trobe Univ, Judith Lumley Ctr Mother, Infant & Family Hlth Res, Melbourne, Vic, Australia

 Peruvian Natl Inst Hlth, Lima, Peru
Babalola, Tesleem Kayode:
 Univ Lagos, Dept Community Hlth & Primary Care, Lagos, Nigeria
Bacha, Umar:
 Univ Management & Technol, Sch Hlth Sci, Lahore, Pakistan
Badawi, Alaa:
 Univ Toronto, Dept Nutr Sci, Fac Med, Toronto, ON, Canada

 Publ Hlth Agcy Canada, Toronto, ON, Canada
Balakrishnan, Kalpana:
 Sri Ramachandra Univ, Dept Environm Hlth Engn, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
Balalla, Shivanthi:
 Auckland Univ Technol, Natl Inst Stroke & Appl Neurosci, Auckland, New Zealand
Barac, Aleksandra:
 Univ Belgrade, Fac Med, Belgrade, Serbia
Barber, Ryan M.:
 Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
Barboza, Miguel A.:
 Hosp Dr Rafael A Calderon Guardia, CCSS, San Jose, Costa Rica

 Univ Costa Rica, San Pedro, Costa Rica
Barker-Collo, Suzanne L.:
 Univ Auckland, Sch Psychol, Auckland, New Zealand
Barnighausen, Till:
 Harvard Univ, Dept Global Hlth & Populat, Boston, MA 02115 USA

 Africa Hlth Res Inst, Mtubatuba, South Africa

 Heidelberg Univ, Inst Publ Hlth, Heidelberg, Germany
Barquera, Simon:
 Natl Inst Publ Hlth, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
Barregard, Lars:
 Univ Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska Acad, Dept Occupat & Environm Med, Gothenburg, Sweden
Barrero, Lope H.:
 Pontificia Univ Javeriana, Sch Engn, Dept Ind Engn, Bogota, Colombia
Baune, Bernhard T.:
 Univ Adelaide, Sch Med, Adelaide, SA, Australia
Bazargan-Hejazi, Shahrzad:
 Charles R Drew Univ Med & Sci, Coll Med, 1621 E 120th St, Los Angeles, CA 90059 USA

 Univ Calif Los Angeles, David Geffen Sch Med, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
Bedi, Neeraj:
 Coll Publ Hlth & Trop Med, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
Beghi, Ettore:
 IRCCS, Ist Ric Farmacol Mario Negri, Milan, Italy
Bejot, Yannick:
 Univ Burgundy, Univ Hosp, Dijon, France

 Univ Burgundy, Med Sch Dijon, Dijon, France
Bekele, Bayu Begashaw:
 Univ Gondar, Coll Med & Hlth Sci, Gondar, Ethiopia

 Mizan Tepi Univ, Coll Hlth Sci, Mizan Teferi, Ethiopia
Bell, Michelle L.:
 Yale Univ, New Haven, CT USA
Bello, Aminu K.:
 Univ Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
Bennett, Derrick A.:
 Univ Oxford, Nuffield Dept Populat Hlth, Oxford, England
Bennett, James R.:
 Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
Benson, Jennifer:
 Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
Berhane, Adugnaw:
 Debre Berhan Univ, Coll Hlth Sci, Debre Berhan, Ethiopia
Berhe, Derbew Fikadu:
 Mekelle Univ, Sch Pharm, Mekelle, Ethiopia

 Univ Groningen, Univ Med Ctr Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
Bernabe, Eduardo:
 Kings Coll London, London, England
Beuran, Mircea:
 Carol Davila Univ Med & Pharm Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania

 Emergency Hosp Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
Bhala, Neeraj:
 Queen Elizabeth Hosp Birmingham, Birmingham, W Midlands, England

 Univ Otago, Med Sch, Wellington, New Zealand
Bhansali, Anil:
 Postgrad Inst Med Educ & Res, Chandigarh, India
Bhaumik, Soumyadeep:
 Publ Hlth Fdn India, Gurugram, India
Bhutta, Zulfiqar A.:
 Hosp Sick Children, Ctr Global Child Hlth, Toronto, ON, Canada

 Aga Khan Univ, Ctr Excellence Women & Child Hlth, Karachi, Pakistan
Bikbov, Boris:
 IRCCS, Ist Ric Farmacol Mario Negri, Bergamo, Italy
Birungi, Charles:
 UCL, London, England
Biryukov, Stan:
 Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
Bisanzio, Donal:
 Univ Oxford, Nuffield Dept Med, Oxford, England
Bizuayehu, Habtamu Mellie:
 Debre Markos Univ, Debre Markos, Ethiopia
Bjerregaard, Peter:
 Natl Inst Publ Hlth, Copenhagen, Denmark
Blosser, Christopher D.:
 Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
Boneya, Dube Jara:
 Debre Markos Univ, Dept Publ Hlth, Debre Markos, Ethiopia
Boufous, Soufiane:
 Univ New South Wales, Transport & Rd Safety TARS Res, Randwick, NSW, Australia
Bourne, Rupert R. A.:
 Anglia Ruskin Univ, Vis & Eye Res Unit, Cambridge, England
Brazinova, Alexandra:
 Trnava Univ, Dept Publ Hlth, Fac Hlth Sci & Social Work, Trnava, Slovakia

 Int Neurotrauma Res Org, Vienna, Austria
Breitborde, Nicholas J. K.:
 Ohio State Univ, Coll Med, Columbus, OH 43210 USA
Brenner, Hermann:
 German Canc Res Ctr, Heidelberg, Germany
Brugha, Traolach S.:
 Univ Leicester, Leicester, Leics, England
Bukhman, Gene:
 Harvard Univ, Harvard Med Sch, Boston, MA 02115 USA

 Partners Hlth, Boston, MA USA
Bulto, Bulto:
 Haramaya Univ, Harar, Ethiopia
Bumgarner, Blair Randal:
 Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
Burch, Michael:
 Great Ormond St Hosp Sick Children, London, England
Butt, Zahid A.:
 Al Shifa Trust Eye Hosp, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
Cahill, Leah E.:
 Harvard Univ, Harvard TH Chan Sch Publ Hlth, Boston, MA 02115 USA

 Dalhousie Univ, Halifax, NS, Canada
Cahuana-Hurtado, Lucero:
 Natl Inst Publ Hlth, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
Campos-Nonato, Ismael Ricardo:
 Natl Inst Publ Hlth, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico

 Harvard Univ, Harvard TH Chan Sch Publ Hlth, Boston, MA 02115 USA
Car, Josip:
 Nanyang Technol Univ, Singapore, Singapore

 Imperial Coll London, London, England
Car, Mate:
 Imperial Coll London, London, England

 Minist Hlth Republ Croatia, Zagreb, Croatia
Carpenter, David O.:
 Metropolitan Autonomous Univ, Mexico City, DF, Mexico
Carrero, Juan Jesus:
 Karolinska Inst, Dept Med Epidemiol & Biostat, Stockholm, Sweden
Carter, Austin:
 Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
Castaneda-Orjuela, Carlos A.:
 Colombian Natl Hlth Observ, Inst Nacl Salud, Bogota, Colombia

 Univ Nacl Colombia, Publ Hlth Dept, Epidemiol & Publ Hlth Evaluat Grp, Bogota, Colombia
Rivas, Jacqueline Castillo:
 Caja Costarricense Seguro Social, San Jose, Costa Rica

 Univ Costa Rica, San Pedro, Montes De Oca, Costa Rica
Castro, Franz F.:
 Gorgas Mem Inst Hlth Studies, Panama City, Panama
Castro, Ruben Estanislao:
 Univ Diego Portales, Santiago, Chile
Catala-Lopez, Ferran:
 Univ Valencia, Dept Med, INCLIVA Hlth Res Inst, Valencia, Spain

 Univ Valencia, CIBERSAM, Valencia, Spain

 Ottawa Hosp Res Inst, Clin Epidemiol Program, Ottawa, ON, Canada
Chen, Honglei:
 Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA
Chiang, Peggy Pei-Chia:
 Gold Coast Hlth, Clin Governance Unit, Southport, Qld, Australia
Chibalabala, Mirriam:
 Crowd Watch Africa, Lusaka, Zambia
Chisumpa, Vesper Hichilombwe:
 Univ Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia

 Univ Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
Chitheer, Abdulaal A.:
 Minist Hlth, Baghdad, Iraq
Choi, Jee-Young Jasmine:
 Seoul Natl Univ Hosp, Seoul, South Korea

 Seoul Natl Univ Med Lib, Seoul, South Korea
Christensen, Hanne:
 Bispebjerg Hosp, Copenhagen, Denmark
Christopher, Devasahayam Jesudas:
 Christian Med Coll & Hosp, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
Ciobanu, Liliana G.:
 Univ Adelaide, Sch Med, Adelaide, SA, Australia
Cirillo, Massimo:
 Univ Salerno, Baronissi, Italy
Cohen, Aaron J.:
 Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA

 Hlth Effects Inst, Boston, MA USA
Colquhoun, Samantha M.:
 Univ Melbourne, Murdoch Childrens Res Inst, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
Coresh, Josef:
 Johns Hopkins Univ, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA
Criqui, Michael H.:
 Univ Calif San Diego, San Diego, CA 92103 USA
Cromwell, Elizabeth A.:
 Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
Crump, John A.:
 Univ Otago, Dunedin Sch Med, Ctr Int Hlth, Dunedin, New Zealand
Dandona, Lalit:
 Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA

 Publ Hlth Fdn India, Gurugram, India
Dandona, Rakhi:
 Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA

 Publ Hlth Fdn India, Gurugram, India
Dargan, Paul I.:
 Guys & St Thomas NHS Fdn Trust, London, England
das Neves, Jose:
 Univ Porto, I3S Inst Invest Inovac Saude, Oporto, Portugal

 Univ Porto, INEB Inst Engn Biomed, Oporto, Portugal
Davey, Gail:
 Wellcome Trust Brighton & Sussex Ctr Global Hlth, Brighton, E Sussex, England
Davitoiu, Dragos V.:
 Univ Med & Pharm Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
Davletov, Kairat:
 Republican Inst Cardiol & Internal Dis, Alma Ata, Kazakhstan

 Kazakh Natl Med Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Alma Ata, Kazakhstan
de Courten, Barbora:
 Monash Univ, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
De Leo, Diego:
 Griffith Univ, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
Degenhardt, Louisa:
 Univ New South Wales, Natl Drug & Alcohol Res Ctr, Randwick, NSW, Australia
Deiparine, Selina:
 Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
Dellavalle, Robert P.:
 Univ Colorado, Sch Med, Aurora, CO USA

 Univ Colorado, Colorado Sch Publ Hlth, Aurora, CO USA
Deribe, Kebede:
 Brighton & Sussex Med Sch, Brighton, E Sussex, England

 Addis Ababa Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Deribew, Amare:
 KEMRI, Wellcome Trust Res Programme, Kilifi, Kenya

 Univ Oxford, Nuffield Dept Med, Oxford, England
Des Jarlais, Don C.:
 Mt Sinai Hlth Syst, New York, NY USA

 Icahn Sch Med Mt Sinai, New York, NY 10029 USA
Dharmaratne, Samath D.:
 Univ Peradeniya, Dept Community Med, Fac Med, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
Dherani, Mukesh K.:
 Univ Liverpool, Liverpool, Merseyside, England
Diaz-Torne, Cesar:
 Hosp Santa Creu & Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
Dixit, Priyanka:
 Tata Inst Social Sci, Bombay, Maharashtra, India
Djalalinia, Shirin:
 Minist Hlth & Med Educ, Undersecretary Res & Technol, Tehran, Iran
Doku, David Teye:
 Univ Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
Donnelly, Christl Ann:
 Imperial Coll London, London, England
dos Santos, Bender:
 Univ Estado Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, SC, Brazil
Douwes-Schultz, Dirk:
 Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
Driscoll, Tim R.:
 Univ Sydney, Sydney Sch Publ Hlth, Sydney, NSW, Australia

 Univ Sydney, Sydney Sch Publ Hlth, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
Duan, Leilei:
 Chinese Ctr Dis Control, Natl Ctr Chron & Noncommunicable Dis Control & Pr, Beijing, Peoples R China
Dubey, Manisha:
 Int Inst Populat Sci, Bombay, Maharashtra, India
Duncan, Bruce Bartholow:
 Univ Fed Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil

 Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA
Dwivedi, Laxmi Kant:
 Int Inst Populat Sci, Bombay, Maharashtra, India
Ebrahimi, Hedyeh:
 Univ Tehran Med Sci, Noncommun Dis Res Ctr, Tehran, Iran

 Univ Tehran Med Sci, Liver & Pancreaticobiliary Dis Res Ctr, Tehran, Iran
El Bcheraoui, Charbel:
 Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
Ellingsen, Christian Lycke:
 Norwegian Inst Publ Hlth, Oslo, Norway
Enayati, Ahmadali:
 Sch Publ Hlth & Hlth Sci Res Ctr, Sari, Iran
Endries, Aman Yesuf:
 Arba Minch Univ, Arba Minch, Ethiopia
Ermakov, Sergey Petrovich:
 Russian Acad Sci, Inst Social & Econ Studies Populat, Moscow, Russia

 Minist Hlth Russian Federat, Fed Res Inst Hlth Org & Informat, Moscow, Russia
Eshetie, Setegn:
 Univ Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
Eshrati, Babak:
 Minist Hlth & Med Educ, Tehran, Iran

 Arak Univ Med Sci, Arak, Iran
Eskandarieh, Sharareh:
 MS Res Ctr, Tehran, Iran
Esteghamati, Alireza:
 Univ Tehran Med Sci, Endocrinol & Metab Res Ctr, Tehran, Iran
Estep, Kara:
 Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
Fanuel, Belayneh Bekele Fanuel:
 Hawassa Univ, Hawassa, Ethiopia

 Wolaita Sodo Univ, Wolaita Sodo, Ethiopia
Faro, Andre:
 Univ Fed Sergipe, Aracaju, Brazil
Farvid, Maryam S.:
 Harvard Univ, Dept Nutr, Boston, MA 02115 USA

 Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Harvard MGH Ctr Genom Vulnerable Populat & Hlth D, Mongan Inst Hlth Policy, Boston, MA 02114 USA
Farzadfar, Farshad:
 Univ Tehran Med Sci, Noncommun Dis Res Ctr, Tehran, Iran
Feigin, Valery L.:
 Auckland Univ Technol, Natl Inst Stroke & Appl Neurosci, Auckland, New Zealand
Fereshtehnejad, Seyed-Mohammad:
 Karolinska Inst, Dept Neurobiol Care Sci & Soc, Div Family Med & Primary Care, Stockholm, Sweden

 Heidelberg Univ, Inst Publ Hlth, Heidelberg, Germany

 Ahmadu Bello Univ, Hlth Syst & Policy Res Unit, Zaria, Nigeria
Fernandes, Jefferson G.:
 German Hosp Oswaldo Cruz, Inst Educ & Sci, Sao Paulo, Brazil
Fernandes, Joao C.:
 Catholic Univ Portugal, CBQF Ctr Biotechnol & Fine Chem Associate Lab, Fac Biotechnol, Oporto, Portugal
Feyissa, Tesfaye Regassa:
 Wollega Univ, Nekemte, Ethiopia
Filip, Irina:
 Kaiser Permanente, Fontana, CA USA
Fischer, Florian:
 Bielefeld Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Bielefeld, Germany
Foigt, Nataliya:
 Acad Med Sci, Inst Gerontol, Kiev, Ukraine
Foreman, Kyle J.:
 Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA

 Imperial Coll London, London, England
Frank, Tahvi:
 Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
Franklin, Richard C.:
 James Cook Univ, Townsville, Qld, Australia
Fraser, Maya:
 Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
Friedman, Joseph:
 Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
Frostad, Joseph J.:
 Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
Fullman, Nancy:
 Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
Furst, Thomas:
 Imperial Coll London, Dept Infect Dis Epidemiol, London, England

 Swiss Trop & Publ Hlth Inst, Dept Epidemiol & Publ Hlth, Basel, Switzerland

 Univ Basel, Basel, Switzerland
Furtado, Joao M.:
 Univ Sao Paulo, Fac Med Ribeirao Preto, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
Futran, Neal D.:
 Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
Gakidou, Emmanuela:
 Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
Gambashidze, Ketevan:
 Natl Ctr Dis Control & Publ Hlth, Tbilisi, Georgia
Gamkrelidze, Amiran:
 Natl Ctr Dis Control & Publ Hlth, Tbilisi, Georgia
Gankpe, Fortune Gbetoho:
 Leras Afrique, Cotonou, Benin

 CHU Hassan II, Fes, Morocco
Garcia-Basteiro, Alberto L.:
 Manhica Hlth Res Ctr, Manhica, Mozambique

 Barcelona Inst Global Hlth, Barcelona, Spain
Gebregergs, Gebremedhin Berhe:
 Mekelle Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Mekelle, Ethiopia
Gebrehiwot, Tsegaye Tewelde:
 Jimma Univ, Jimma, Ethiopia
Gebrekidan, Kahsu Gebrekirstos:
 Mekelle Univ, Sch Nursing, Mekelle, Ethiopia

 Axum Coll Hlth Sci, Sch Nursing, Axum, Ethiopia
Gebremichael, Mengistu Welday:
 Mekelle Univ, Mekelle, Ethiopia
Gelaye, Amha Admasie:
 Wolaita Sodo Univ, Wolaita Sodo, Ethiopia
Geleijnse, Johanna M.:
 Wageningen Univ, Div Human Nutr, Wageningen, Netherlands
Gemechu, Bikila Lencha:
 Madda Walabu Univ, Bale Goba, Ethiopia
Gemechu, Kasiye Shiferaw:
 Haramaya Univ, Harar, Ethiopia
Genova-Maleras, Ricard:
 Reg Hlth Council, Directorate Gen Publ Hlth, Madrid, Spain

 Natl Sch Publ Hlth, Madrid, Spain
Gesesew, Hailay Abrha:
 Jimma Univ, Jimma, Ethiopia

 Flinders Univ S Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
Gething, Peter W.:
 Univ Oxford, Dept Zool, Oxford, England
Gibney, Katherine B.:
 Univ Melbourne, Peter Doherty Inst Infect & Immun, Melbourne, Vic, Australia

 Royal Melbourne Hosp, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
Gill, Paramjit Singh:
 Univ Birmingham, Warwick Med Sch, Birmingham, W Midlands, England
Gillum, Richard F.:
 Howard Univ, Washington, DC 20059 USA
Giref, Ababi Zergaw:
 Addis Ababa Univ, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Girma, Bedilu Weji:
 Wolaita Sodo Univ, Teaching & Referral Hosp, Wolaita Sodo, Ethiopia
Giussani, Giorgia:
 IRCCS, Ist Ric Farmacol Mario Negri, Milan, Italy
Goenka, Shifalika:
 Publ Hlth Fdn India, Gurugram, India
Gomez, Beatriz:
 Gorgas Mem Inst Hlth Studies, Panama City, Panama
Gona, Philimon N.:
 Univ Massachusetts, Boston, MA 02125 USA
Gopalani, Sameer Vali:
 Govt Federated States Micronesia, Dept Hlth & Social Affairs, Palikir, Micronesia
Goulart, Alessandra Carvalho:
 Univ Sao Paulo, Hosp Univ, Ctr Clin & Epidemiol Res Ctr, Sao Paulo, Brazil

 Ctr Check Hosp Sirio Libanes, Sao Paulo, Brazil
Graetz, Nicholas:
 Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
Gugnani, Harish Chander:
 St James Sch Med, Dept Microbiol, Quarter, Anguilla

 St James Sch Med, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, Quarter, Anguilla
Gupta, Prakash C.:
 Healis Sekhsaria Inst Publ Hlth, Navi Mumbai, India
Gupta, Rahul:
 West Virginia Bur Publ Hlth, Charleston, WV USA
Gupta, Rajeev:
 Eternal Heart Care Ctr & Res Inst, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
Gupta, Tanush:
 Montefiore Med Ctr, 111 E 210th St, Bronx, NY 10467 USA

 Albert Einstein Coll Med, Bronx, NY 10467 USA
Gupta, Vipin:
 Univ Delhi, Dept Anthropol, Delhi, India
Haagsma, Juanita A.:
 Univ Med Ctr Rotterdam, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands
Hafezi-Nejad, Nima:
 Univ Tehran Med Sci, Endocrinol & Metab Res Ctr, Tehran, Iran
Bidgoli, Hassan Haghparast:
 UCL, London, England
Hakuzimana, Alex:
 Univ Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa

 Euclid Univ, Banjul, Gambia
Halasa, Yara A.:
 Brandeis Univ, Waltham, MA USA
Hamadeh, Randah Ribhi:
 Arabian Gulf Univ, Manama, Bahrain
Hamidi, Samer:
 Hamdan Bin Mohammed Smart Univ, Dubai, U Arab Emirates
Hammami, Mouhanad:
 Wayne Cty Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Detroit, MI USA
Hancock, Jamie:
 Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
Handal, Alexis J.:
 Univ New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA
Hankey, Graeme J.:
 Univ Western Australia, Sch Med & Pharmacol, Perth, WA, Australia

 Harry Perkins Inst Med Res, Nedlands, WA, Australia

 Western Australian Neurosci Res Inst, Nedlands, WA, Australia
Harb, Hilda L.:
 Minist Publ Hlth, Beirut, Lebanon
Hareri, Habtamu Abera:
 Addis Ababa Univ, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Harikrishnan, Sivadasanpillai:
 Sree Chitra Tirunal Inst Med Sci & Technol, Trivandrum, Kerala, India
Haro JM:
 Parc Sanitari St Joan de Deu, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Spain
Hassanvand, Mohammad Sadegh:
 Univ Tehran Med Sci, Ctr Air Pollut Res, Inst Environm Res, Tehran, Iran
Havmoeller, Rasmus:
 Karolinska Inst, Stockholm, Sweden
Hay, Roderick J.:
 Kings Coll London, London, England

 Int Fdn Dermatol, London, England
Hay, Simon I.:
 Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA

 Univ Oxford, Oxford Big Data Inst, Li Ka Shing Ctr Hlth Informat & Discovery, Oxford, England
He, Fei:
 Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
Heredia-Pi, Ileana Beatriz:
 Natl Inst Publ Hlth, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
Herteliu, Claudiu:
 Bucharest Univ Econ Studies, Dept Stat & Econometr, Bucharest, Romania
Hilawe, Esayas Haregot:
 Mekelle Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Mekelle, Ethiopia

 Tigray Hlth Res Inst, Mekelle, Ethiopia
Hoek, Hans W.:
 Univ Groningen, Univ Med Ctr Groningen, Dept Psychiat, Groningen, Netherlands

 Columbia Univ, Dept Epidemiol, Mailman Sch Publ Hlth, New York, NY USA
Horita, Nobuyuki:
 Yokohama City Univ Grad Sch Med, Dept Pulmonol, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
Hosgood, H. Dean:
 Albert Einstein Coll Med, Bronx, NY 10467 USA
Hostiuc, Sorin:
 Carol Davila Univ Med & Pharm Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
Hotez, Peter J.:
 Baylor Univ, Coll Med, Houston, TX 77030 USA
Hoy, Damian G.:
 Pacific Community, Publ Hlth Div, Noumea, New Caledonia
Hsairi, Mohamed:
 Salah Azaiz Inst, Dept Epidemiol, Tunis, Tunisia
Htet, Aung Soe:
 Univ Oslo, Oslo, Norway

 Minist Hlth, Int Relat Div, Nay Pyi Taw, Myanmar
Hu, Guoqing:
 Cent South Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol & Hlth Stat, Changsha, Hunan, Peoples R China
Huang, Hsiang:
 Cambridge Hlth Alliance, Cambridge, MA USA
Iburg, Kim Moesgaard:
 Aarhus Univ, Aarhus, Denmark
Igumbor, Ehimario Uche:
 US CDCP, Pretoria, South Africa

 Univ Western Cape, Sch Publ Hlth, Cape Town, South Africa
Ileanu, Bogdan Vasile:
 Bucharest Univ Econ Studies, Bucharest, Romania
Inoue, Manami:
 Natl Canc Ctr, Div Cohort Consortium Res, Epidemiol & Prevent Grp, Ctr Publ Hlth Sci, Tokyo, Japan
Irenso, Asnake Ararsa:
 Haramaya Univ, Harar, Ethiopia
Irvine, Caleb M. S.:
 Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
Islam, Nazrul:
 Harvard Univ, Boston, MA 02115 USA

 Univ British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
Jacobsen, Kathryn H.:
 George Mason Univ, Dept Global & Community Hlth, Fairfax, VA USA
Jaenisch, Thomas:
 Heidelberg Univ Hosp, Heidelberg, Germany
Jahanmehr, Nader:
 Shahid Beheshti Univ Med Sci, Sch Publ Hlth, Tehran, Iran
Jakovljevic, Mihajlo B.:
 Univ Washington, Ctr Hlth Trends & Forecasts, Seattle, WA 98195 USA

 Univ Kragujevac, Fac Med Sci, Kragujevac, Serbia
Javanbakht, Mehdi:
 Univ Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland
Jayatilleke, Achala Upendra:
 Postgrad Inst Med, Colombo, Sri Lanka

 Inst Violence & Injury Prevent, Colombo, Sri Lanka
Jeemon, Panniyammakal:
 Ctr Control Chron Condit, Gurugram, India

 Ctr Chron Dis Control, New Delhi, India
Jensen, Paul N.:
 Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
Jha, Vivekanand:
 Univ Oxford, Oxford, England

 George Inst Global Hlth, New Delhi, India
Jin, Ye:
 Chinese Ctr Dis Control, Natl Ctr Chron & Noncommunicable Dis Control & Pr, Beijing, Peoples R China
John, Denny:
 Int Ctr Res Women, New Delhi, India
John, Oommen:
 George Inst Global Hlth, New Delhi, India
Johnson, Sarah Charlotte:
 Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
Jonas, Jost B.:
 Heidelberg Univ, Med Fac Mannheim, Dept Ophthalmol, Mannheim, Germany
Jurisson, Mikk:
 Univ Tartu, Inst Family Med & Publ Hlth, Tartu, Estonia
Kabir, Zubair:
 Univ Coll Cork, Cork, Ireland
Kadel, Rajendra:
 London Sch Econ & Polit Sci, London, England
Kahsay, Amaha:
 Mekelle Univ, Mekelle, Ethiopia
Kalkonde, Yogeshwar:
 Soc Educ Act & Res Community Hlth, Gadchiroli, India
Kamal, Ritul:
 CSIR, Indian Inst Toxicol Res, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
Kan, Haidong:
 Fudan Univ, Shanghai, Peoples R China
Karch, Andre:
 Helmholtz Ctr Infect Res, Epidemiol & Stat Methods Res Grp, Braunschweig, Germany

 German Ctr Infect Res, Hannover Braunschweig Site, Braunschweig, Germany
Karema, Corine Kakizi:
 Swiss Trop & Publ Hlth Inst, Basel, Switzerland

 Qual & Equ Hlth Care, Kigali, Rwanda
Karimi, Seyed M.:
 Univ Washington, Tacoma, WA USA
Karthikeyan, Ganesan:
 All India Inst Med Sci, New Delhi, India
Kasaeian, Amir:
 Univ Tehran Med Sci, Endocrinol & Metab Res Ctr, Tehran, Iran

 Univ Tehran Med Sci, Hematol Oncol & Stem Cell Transplantat Res Ctr, Tehran, Iran
Kassaw, Nigussie Assefa:
 Addis Ababa Univ, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Kassebaum, Nicholas J.:
 Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA

 Seattle Childrens Hosp, Dept Anesthesiol & Pain Med, Seattle, WA USA
Kastor, Anshul:
 Int Inst Populat Sci, Bombay, Maharashtra, India
Katikireddi, Srinivasa Vittal:
 Univ Glasgow, MRC CSO Social & Publ Hlth Sci Unit, Glasgow, Lanark, Scotland
Kaul, Anil:
 Oklahoma State Univ, Tulsa, OK USA
Kawakami, Norito:
 Univ Tokyo, Sch Publ Hlth, Tokyo, Japan
Kazanjan, Konstantin:
 Natl Ctr Dis Control & Publ Hlth, Tbilisi, Georgia
Keiyoro, Peter Njenga:
 Inst Trop & Infect Dis, Nairobi, Kenya

 Sch Continuing & Distance Educ, Nairobi, Kenya
Kelbore, Sefonias Getachew:
 Addis Ababa Univ, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Kemp, Andrew Haddon:
 Univ Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia

 Swansea Univ, Swansea, W Glam, Wales
Kengne, Andre Pascal:
 Univ Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa

 South African Med Res Council, Cape Town, South Africa
Keren, Andre:
 Assuta Hosp, Assuta Hashalom, Tel Aviv, Israel
Kereselidze, Maia:
 Natl Ctr Dis Control & Publ Hlth, Tbilisi, Georgia
Kesavachandran, Chandrasekharan Nair:
 CSIR, Indian Inst Toxicol Res, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
Ketema, Ezra Belay:
 Mekelle Univ, Mekelle, Ethiopia
Khader, Yousef Saleh:
 Jordan Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Community Med, Publ Hlth & Family Med, Irbid, Jordan
Khalil, Ibrahim A.:
 Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
Khan, Ejaz Ahmad:
 Hlth Serv Acad, Islamabad, Pakistan
Khan, Gulfaraz:
 United Arab Emirates Univ, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Coll Med & Hlth Sci, Al Ain, U Arab Emirates
Khang, Young-Ho:
 Seoul Natl Univ, Coll Med, Dept Hlth Policy & Management, Seoul, South Korea

 Seoul Natl Univ, Inst Hlth Policy & Management, Med Ctr, Seoul, South Korea
Khera, Sahil:
 New York Med Coll, Valhalla, NY USA
Khoja, Abdullah Tawfih Abdullah:
 Mohammed Ibn Saudi Univ, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
Khosravi, Mohammad Hossein:
 Baqiyatallah Univ Med Sci, Tehran, Iran

 USERN, IORA, Tehran, Iran
Kibret, Getiye Dejenu:
 Debre Markos Univ, Debre Markos, Ethiopia
Kieling, Christian:
 Univ Fed Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil

 Hosp Clin Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
Kim, Cho-Il:
 Korea Hlth Ind Dev Inst, Cheongju, South Korea
Kim, Daniel:
 Northeastern Univ, Dept Hlth Sci, Boston, MA USA
Kim, Pauline:
 Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
Kim, Sungroul:
 Soonchunhyang Univ, Seoul, South Korea
Kim, Yun Jin:
 Xiamen Univ, Malaysia Campus, Xiamen, Malaysia
Kimokoti, Ruth W.:
 Simmons Coll, Boston, MA 02115 USA
Kinfu, Yohannes:
 Univ Canberra, Ctr Res & Act Publ Hlth, Canberra, ACT, Australia
Kishawi, Sami:
 Univ Cent Florida, Coll Med, Orlando, FL 32816 USA
Kissimova-Skarbek, Katarzyna A.:
 Jagiellonian Univ, Med Coll, Krakow, Poland
Kissoon, Niranjan:
 Univ British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
Kivimaki, Mika:
 UCL, Dept Epidemiol & Publ Hlth, London, England

 Univ Helsinki, Clinicum, Fac Med, Helsinki, Finland
Knudsen, Ann Kristin:
 Norwegian Inst Publ Hlth, Ctr Dis Burden, Oslo, Norway

 Univ Bergen, Dept Psychosocial Sci, Bergen, Norway
Kokubo, Yoshihiro:
 Natl Cerebral & Cardiovas Ctr, Dept Prevent Cardiol, Suita, Osaka, Japan
Kopec, Jacek A.:
 Univ British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
Kosen, Soewarta:
 Natl Inst Hlth Res & Dev, Ctr Community Empowerment Hlth Policy & Humanitie, Jakarta, Indonesia
Koul, Parvaiz A.:
 Sherikashmir Inst Med Sci, Srinagar, Jammu & Kashmir, India
Koyanagi A:
 Parc Sanitari St Joan de Deu, Res & Dev Unit, Barcelona, Spain
Kravchenko, Michael:
 Res Ctr Neurol, Moscow, Russia
Krohn, Kristopher J.:
 Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
Defo, Barthelemy Kuate:
 Univ Montreal, Dept Social & Prevent Med, Montreal, PQ, Canada

 Univ Montreal, Dept Demog, Montreal, PQ, Canada

 Univ Montreal, Publ Hlth Res Inst, Sch Publ Hlth, Montreal, PQ, Canada
Bicer, Burcu Kucuk:
 Hacettepe Univ, Inst Publ Hlth, Ankara, Turkey
Kuipers, Ernst J.:
 Univ Med Ctr Rotterdam, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands
Kulikoff, Xie Rachel:
 Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
Kulkarni, Veena S.:
 Arkansas State Univ, State Univ, AR 72467 USA
Kumar, G. Anil:
 Publ Hlth Fdn India, Gurugram, India
Kumar, Pushpendra:
 Int Inst Populat Sci, Bombay, Maharashtra, India
Kumsa, Fekede Asefa:
 Haramaya Univ, Harar, Ethiopia
Kutz, Michael:
 Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
Lachat, Carl:
 Univ Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
Lager, Anton Carl Jonas:
 Karolinska Inst, Stockholm, Sweden

 Stockholm Cty Council, Ctr Epidemiol & Community Med, Solna, Sweden
Lal, Dharmesh Kumar:
 Publ Hlth Fdn India, Gurugram, India
Lalloo, Ratilal:
 Univ Queensland, Sch Dent, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
Lambert, Nkurunziza:
 Minist Publ Hlth & Fight AIDS, Mukaza, Burundi
Lan, Qing:
 Natl Canc Inst, Rockville, MD USA
Lansingh, Van C.:
 Help Me See, New York, NY USA

 Inst Mexicano Oftalmol, Queretaro, Mexico
Larson, Heidi J.:
 Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA

 London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, London, England
Larsson, Anders:
 Uppsala Univ, Dept Med Sci, Uppsala, Sweden
Laryea, Dennis Odai:
 Komfo Anokye Teaching Hosp, Kumasi, Ghana
Lavados, Pablo M.:
 Univ Desarrollo, Clin Alemana, Serv Neurol, Santiago, Chile
Laxmaiah, Avula:
 Natl Inst Nutr, Hyderabad, Andhra Prades, India

 Indian Council Med Res, New Delhi, India
Lee, Paul H.:
 Hong Kong Polytech Univ, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China
Leigh, James:
 Univ Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
Leung, Janni:
 Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA

 Univ Queensland, Sch Publ Hlth, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
Leung, Ricky:
 SUNY Albany, Rensselaer, NY USA
Levi, Miriam:
 Tuscany Reg Ctr Occupat Injuries & Dis, Florence, Italy
Li, Yongmei:
 San Francisco VA Med Ctr, San Francisco, CA USA
Liao, Yu:
 Sun Yat Sen Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Guangzhou, Guangdong, Peoples R China
Liben, Misgan Legesse:
 Samara Univ, Semara, Ethiopia
Lim, Stephen S.:
 Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
Linn, Shai:
 Univ Haifa, Haifa, Israel
Lipshultz, Steven E.:
 Wayne State Univ, Sch Med, Detroit, MI USA

 Childrens Hosp Michigan, Detroit, MI 48201 USA
Liu, Shiwei:
 Chinese Ctr Dis Control, Natl Ctr Chron & Noncommunicable Dis Control & Pr, Beijing, Peoples R China
Lodha, Rakesh:
 All India Inst Med Sci, New Delhi, India
Logroscino, Giancarlo:
 Univ Bari, Bari, Italy
Lorch, Scott A.:
 Univ Penn, Sch Med, Childrens Hosp Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
Lorkowski, Stefan:
 Friedrich Schiller Univ Jena, Jena, Germany

 Competence Cluster Nutr & Cardiovasc Hlth nutriCA, Jena, Germany
Lozano, Rafael:
 Natl Inst Publ Hlth, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
Lunevicius, Raimundas:
 Univ Liverpool, Sch Med, Liverpool, Merseyside, England

 Aintree Univ Hosp Natl Hlth Serv Fdn Trust, Liverpool, Merseyside, England
Lyons, Ronan A.:
 Swansea Univ, Farr Inst, Swansea, W Glam, Wales
Ma, Stefan:
 Minist Hlth Singapore, Singapore, Singapore

 Natl Univ Singapore, Saw Swee Hock Sch Publ Hlth, Singapore, Singapore
Macarayan, Erlyn Rachelle King:
 Harvard Univ, Ariadne Labs, Boston, MA 02115 USA

 Ateneo Manila Univ, Manila, Philippines
Machado, Isis Eloah:
 Univ Fed Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
Mackay, Mark T.:
 Univ Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic, Australia

 Royal Childrens Hosp, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
Abd el Razek, Mohammed Magdy:
 Aswan Univ Hosp, Aswan Fac Med, Aswan, Egypt
Magis-Rodriguez, Carlos:
 Natl Ctr Prevent & Control HIV AIDS, Secretariat Hlth, Mexico City, DF, Mexico
Mahdavi, Mahdi:
 Univ Tehran Med Sci, Inst Hlth Policy & Management, Tehran, Iran

 Erasmus Univ, Inst Hlth Policy & Management, Rotterdam, Netherlands

 Social Secur Org Res Inst, Tehran, Iran
Majdan, Marek:
 Trnava Univ, Dept Publ Hlth, Fac Hlth Sci & Social Work, Trnava, Slovakia
Majdzadeh, Reza:
 Univ Tehran Med Sci, Knowledge Utilizat Res Ctr, Tehran, Iran

 Univ Tehran Med Sci, Community Based Participatory Res Ctr, Tehran, Iran

 Natl Inst Hlth Res, Tehran, Iran
Majeed, Azeem:
 Imperial Coll London, Dept Primary Care & Publ Hlth, London, England
Malhotra, Rajesh:
 All India Inst Med Sci, New Delhi, India
Malta, Deborah Carvalho:
 Univ Fed Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
Mantovani, Lorenzo G.:
 Univ Milano Bicocca, Monza, Italy
Manyazewal, Tsegahun:
 Ethiopian Publ Hlth Assoc, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Mapoma, Chabila C.:
 Univ Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
Marczak, Laurie B.:
 Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
Marks, Guy B.:
 Univ Sydney, Woolcock Inst Med Res, Sydney, NSW, Australia
Martinez-Raga, Jose:
 Hosp Univ Doctor Peset, Valencia, Spain

 CEU Cardinal Herrera Univ, Moncada, Spain
Martins-Melo, Francisco Rogerlndio:
 Fed Inst Educ Sci & Technol Ceara, Caucaia, Brazil
Massano, Joao:
 Univ Porto, Fac Med, Oporto, Portugal

 Hosp Pedro Hispano, ULS Matosinhos, Matosinhos, Portugal
Maulik, Pallab K.:
 George Inst Global Hlth, New Delhi, India
Mayosi, Bongani M.:
 Univ Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
Mazidi, Mohsen:
 Chinese Acad Sci, Key State Lab Mol Dev Biol, Inst Genet & Dev Biol, Beijing, Peoples R China
McAlinden, Colm:
 Univ Hosp Bristol NHS Fdn Trust, Bristol, Avon, England

 Publ Hlth Wales, Swansea, W Glam, Wales
McGarvey, Stephen Theodore:
 Brown Univ, Providence, RI 02912 USA

 Queensland Ctr Mental Hlth Res, Pk Ctr Mental Hlth, Wacol, Qld, Australia
McGrath, John J.:
 Aarhus Univ, Natl Ctr Register Based Res, Aarhus Sch Business & Social Sci, Aarhus, Denmark

 Univ Queensland, Queensland Brain Inst, St Lucia, Qld, Australia
Mckee, Martin:
 London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, London, England
Mehata, Suresh:
 Univ Queensland, St Lucia, Qld, Australia

 Ipas Nepal, Kathmandu, Nepal
Mehndiratta, Man Mohan:
 Janakpuri Superspecialty Hosp, New Delhi, India
Mehta, Kala M.:
 Univ Calif San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA
Meier, Toni:
 Martin Luther Univ Halle Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
Mekonnen, Tefera Chane:
 Wollo Univ, Dessie, Ethiopia
Meles, Kidanu Gebremariam:
 Mekelle Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Mekelle, Ethiopia
Memiah, Peter:
 Univ West Florida, Pensacola, FL USA
Memish, Ziad A.:
 Saudi Minist Hlth, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

 Alfaisal Univ, Coll Med, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
Mendoza, Walter:
 United Nations Populat Fund, Lima, Peru
Mengistie, Mubarek Abera:
 Jimma Univ, Jimma, Ethiopia
Menon, Mengistu Geetha R.:
 Indian Council Med Res, New Delhi, India
Menota, Bereket Gebremichael:
 Addis Ababa Univ, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Mensah, George A.:
 NHLBI, Ctr Translat Res & Implementat Sci, Natl Inst Hlth, Bldg 10, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
Meretoja, Atte:
 Univ Melbourne, Dept Med, Melbourne, Vic, Australia

 Helsinki Univ Hosp, Dept Neurol, Helsinki, Finland
Meretoja, Tuomo J.:
 Univ Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland

 Helsinki Univ Hosp, Comprehens Canc Ctr, Breast Surg Unit, Helsinki, Finland
Mezgebe, Haftay Berhane:
 Mekelle Univ, Mekelle, Ethiopia
Micha, Renata:
 Tufts Univ, Friedman Sch Nutr Sci & Policy, Boston, MA 02111 USA
Mikesell, Joseph:
 Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
Miller, Ted R.:
 Pacific Inst Res Evaluat, Calverton, MD USA

 Curtin Univ, Ctr Populat Hlth, Perth, WA, Australia
Mills, Edward J.:
 Univ Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
Minnig, Shawn:
 Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
Mirarefin, Mojde:
 Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA

 Hunger Act Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA
Mirrakhimov, Erkin M.:
 Kyrgyz State Med Acad, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan

 Natl Ctr Cardiol & Internal Dis, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan
Misganaw, Awoke:
 Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
Mishra, Shiva Raj:
 Univ Queensland, Brisbane, Qld, Australia

 Nepal Dev Soc, Chitwan, Nepal
Mohammad, Karzan Abdulmuhsin:
 Univ Salahaddin, Erbil, Iraq

 ISHIK Univ, Erbil, Iraq
Mohammadi, Alireza:
 Baqiyatallah Univ Med Sci, Neurosci Res Ctr, Tehran, Iran
Mohan, Murali B. V.:
 Narayana Hlth, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
Mohanty, Sanjay K.:
 Int Inst Populat Sci, Bombay, Maharashtra, India
Mokdad, Ali H.:
 Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
Assaye, Ashagre Molla:
 Bahir Dar Univ, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
Mollenkopf, Sarah K.:
 Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
Molokhia, Mariam:
 Kings Coll London, London, England
Monasta, Lorenzo:
 IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, Inst Maternal & Child Hlth, Trieste, Italy
Hernandez, Julio Cesar Montanez:
 Natl Inst Publ Hlth, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
Montico, Marcella:
 IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, Inst Maternal & Child Hlth, Trieste, Italy
Mooney, Meghan D.:
 Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
Moore, Ami R.:
 Univ North Texas, Denton, TX USA
Moradi-Lakeh, Maziar:
 Iran Univ Med Sci, Prevent Med & Publ Hlth Res Ctr, Gastrointestinal & Liver Dis Res Ctr GILDRC, Tehran, Iran
Moraga, Paula:
 Univ Lancaster, Lancaster Med Sch, Lancaster, England
Morawska, Lidia:
 Queensland Univ Technol, Int Lab Air Qual & Hlth, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
Velasquez, Ilais Moreno:
 Gorgas Mem Inst Hlth Studies, Panama City, Panama
Mori, Rintaro:
 Natl Ctr Child Hlth & Dev, Tokyo, Japan
Morrison, Shane D.:
 Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
Mruts, Kalayu Birhane:
 Debre Berhan Univ, Publ Hlth Dept, Coll Hlth, Debre Berhan, Ethiopia
Mueller, Ulrich O.:
 Fed Inst Populat Res, Wiesbaden, Germany
Mullany, Erin:
 Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
Muller, Kate:
 Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
Murthy, Satyanarayana:
 Publ Hlth Fdn India, Indian Inst Publ Hlth, Bhubaneswar, Orissa, India
Murthy, Srinivas:
 Univ British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
Musa, Kamarul Imran:
 Univ Sci Malaysia, Sch Med Sci, Kubang Kerian, Malaysia
Nachega, Jean B.:
 Stellenbosch Univ, Cape Town, South Africa

 Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD USA

 Univ Pittsburgh, Grad Sch Publ Hlth, Pittsburgh, PA USA
Nagata, Chie:
 Natl Ctr Child Hlth & Dev, Tokyo, Japan
Nagel, Gabriele:
 Univ Ulm, Ulm, Germany
Naghavi, Mohsen:
 Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
Naidoo, Kovin S.:
 Univ KwaZulu Natal, Durban, South Africa
Nanda, Lipika:
 Publ Hlth Fdn India, Bhubaneswar, Orissa, India
Nangia, Vinay:
 Suraj Eye Inst, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
Nascimento, Bruno Ramos:
 Univ Fed Minas Gerais, Hosp Clin, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil

 Hosp Univ Cincias Med, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
Natarajan, Gopalakrishnan:
 Madras Med Coll & Govt Gen Hosp, Madras, Tamil Nadu, India
Negoi, Ionut:
 Emergency Hosp Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
Cuong Tat Nguyen:
 Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA

 Duy Tan Univ, Inst Global Hlth Innovat, Da Nang, Vietnam
Ningrum, Dina Nur Anggraini:
 Semarang State Univ, Dept Publ Hlth, Semarang City, Indonesia

 Taipei Med Univ, Grad Inst Biomed Informat, Coll Med Sci & Technol, Taipei, Taiwan
Nisar, Muhammad Imran:
 Aga Khan Univ, Karachi, Pakistan
Nomura, Marika:
 Natl Inst Publ Hlth, Saitama, Japan
Vuong Minh Nong:
 Duy Tan Univ, Inst Global Hlth Innovat, Da Nang, Vietnam
Norheim, Ole F.:
 Univ Bergen, Bergen, Norway
Norrving, Bo:
 Lund Univ, Skane Univ Hosp, Dept Clin Sci Lund Neurol, Lund, Sweden
Noubiap, Jean Jacques N.:
 Univ Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa

 Med Diagnost Ctr, Yaounde, Cameroon
Nyakarahuka, Luke:
 Makerere Univ, Kampala, Uganda
Obermeyer, Carla Makhlouf:
 Amer Univ Beirut, Ctr Res Populat & Hlth, Fac Hlth Sci, Beirut, Lebanon
O'Donnell, Martin J.:
 Natl Univ Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
Ogbo, Felix Akpojene:
 Western Sydney Univ, Ctr Hlth Res, Sydney, NSW, Australia
Oh, In-Hwan:
 Kyung Hee Univ, Sch Med, Dept Prevent Med, Seoul, South Korea
Okoro, Anselm:
 Soc Family Hlth, Abuja, Nigeria
Oladimeji, Olanrewaju:
 Univ KwaZulu Natal, Durban, South Africa

 HSRC, Pretoria, South Africa
Olagunju, Andrew Toyin:
 Univ Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia

 Univ Lagos, Dept Community Hlth & Primary Care, Lagos, Nigeria
Olusanya, Bolajoko Olubukunola:
 Ctr Hlth Start Initiat, Lagos, Nigeria
Olusanya, Jacob Olusegun:
 Ctr Hlth Start Initiat, Lagos, Nigeria
Oren, Eyal:
 Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ USA
Ortiz, Alberto:
 UAM, IIS Fdn Jimenez Diaz, Madrid, Spain
Osgood-Zimmerman, Aaron:
 Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
Ota, Erika:
 St Lukes Int Univ, Tokyo, Japan
Owolabi, Mayowa O.:
 Univ Ibadan, Dept Med, Ibadan, Nigeria

 Blossom Specialist Med Ctr, Ibadan, Nigeria
Oyekale, Abayomi Samuel:
 North West Univ, HART, Potchefstroom, South Africa
Pa, Mahesh:
 JSS Univ, JSS Med Coll, Mysore, Karnataka, India
Pacella, Rosana E.:
 Queensland Univ Technol, Inst Hlth & Biomed Innovat, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
Pakhale, Smita:
 Ottawa Hosp Res Inst, Ottawa, ON, Canada

 Ottawa Hosp, Ottawa, ON, Canada
Pana, Adrian:
 Bucharest Univ Econ Studies, Bucharest, Romania
Panda, Basant Kumar:
 Int Inst Populat Sci, Bombay, Maharashtra, India

 Heidelberg Univ, Med Fac Mannheim, Dept Ophthalmol, Heidelberg, Germany
Park, Eun-Kee:
 Kosin Univ, Dept Med Humanities & Social Med, Coll Med, Busan, South Korea
Parsaeian, Mahboubeh:
 Univ Tehran Med Sci, Noncommun Dis Res Ctr, Tehran, Iran

 Univ Tehran Med Sci, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, Sch Publ Hlth, Tehran, Iran
Patten, Scott B.:
 Univ Calgary, Dept Community Hlth Sci, Calgary, AB, Canada
Patton, George C.:
 Univ Melbourne, Murdoch Childrens Res Inst, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
Paudel, Deepak:
 UK Dept Int Dev, Lalitpur, Nepal
Pereira, David M.:
 Univ Porto, REQUIMTE LAQV, Lab Farmacognosia, Dept Quim,Fac Farm, Oporto, Portugal
Perez-Padilla, Rogelio:
 Natl Inst Resp Dis, Mexico City, DF, Mexico
Perez-Ruiz, Fernando:
 Hopsital Univ Cruces, OSI EE Cruces, Baracaldo, Spain

 Biocruces Hlth Res Inst, Baracaldo, Spain
Perico, Norberto:
 IRCCS, Ist Ric Farmacol Mario Negri, Bergamo, Italy
Pervaiz, Aslam:
 Postgrad Med Inst, Lahore, Pakistan
Pesudovs, Konrad:
 Flinders Univ S Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
Peterson, Carrie Beth:
 Aalborg Univ, Aalborg, Denmark
Petri, William Arthur:
 Univ Virginia, Charlottesville, VA USA
Petzold, Max:
 Univ Gothenburg, Hlth Metr Unit, Gothenburg, Sweden

 Univ Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
Phillips, Michael Robert:
 Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Sch Med, Shanghai, Peoples R China

 Emory Univ, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA
Piel, Frederic B.:
 Imperial Coll London, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, London, England
Pigott, David M.:
 Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
Pishgar, Farhad:
 Univ Tehran Med Sci, Uro Oncol Res Ctr, Tehran, Iran

 Univ Tehran Med Sci, Noncommun Dis Res Ctr, Tehran, Iran
Plass, Dietrich:
 German Environm Agcy, Exposure Assessment & Environm Hlth Indicators, Berlin, Germany
Polinder, Suzanne:
 Univ Med Ctr Rotterdam, Dept Publ Hlth, Rotterdam, Netherlands
Popova, Svetlana:
 Univ Toronto, Ctr Addict & Mental Hlth, Toronto, ON, Canada
Postma, Maarten J.:
 Univ Groningen, Univ Med Ctr Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
Poulton, Richie G.:
 Univ Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
Pourmalek, Farshad:
 Univ British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
Prasad, Narayan:
 Sanjay Gandhi Post Grad Inst Med Sci, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
Purwar, Manorama:
 Intergrowth 21st Study Res Ctr, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
Qorbani, Mostafa:
 Alborz Univ Med Sci, Noncommunicable Dis Res Ctr, Karaj, Iran
Rabiee, Rynaz H. S.:
 Karolinska Inst, Dept Publ Hlth Sci, Stockholm, Sweden
Radfar, Amir:
 AT Still Univ, Kirksville, MO USA
Rafay, Anwar:
 Contech Int Hlth Consultants, Lahore, Pakistan

 Contech Sch Publ Hlth, Lahore, Pakistan
Rahimi-Movaghar, Afarin:
 Univ Tehran Med Sci, INCAS, Tehran, Iran

 Univ Tehran Med Sci, Sina Trauma & Surg Res Ctr, Tehran, Iran
Rahman, Mahfuzar:
 BRAC, Res & Evaluat Div, Dhaka, Bangladesh
Rahman, Mohammad Hifz Ur:
 Int Inst Populat Sci, Bombay, Maharashtra, India
Rahman, Sajjad Ur:
 Sweidi Hosp, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
Rai, Rajesh Kumar:
 Soc Hlth & Demog Surveillance, Suri, India
Rajsic, Sasa:
 Univ Hlth Sci, ERAWEB Program, Med Informat & Technol, Hall in Tirol, Austria
Ram, Usha:
 Int Inst Populat Sci, Bombay, Maharashtra, India
Rana, Saleem M.:
 Contech Int Hlth Consultants, Lahore, Pakistan

 Contech Sch Publ Hlth, Lahore, Pakistan
Ranabhat, Chhabi Lal:
 Yonsei Univ, Wonju Coll Med, Dept Prevent Med, Wonju, South Korea

 Hlth Sci Fdn & Study Ctr, Kathmandu, Nepal
Rao, Paturi Vishnupriya:
 Diabet Res Soc, Hyderabad, Andhra Prades, India

 Diabet Res Ctr, Hyderabad, Andhra Prades, India
Rawaf, Salman:
 Imperial Coll London, London, England
Ray, Sarah E.:
 Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
Rego, Maria Albertina Santiago:
 Univ Fed Minas Gerais, Fac Med, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
Rehm, Jugen:
 Univ Toronto, Dalla Lana Sch Publ Hlth, Toronto, ON, Canada

 Ctr Addict & Mental Hlth, Toronto, ON, Canada
Reiner, Robert C.:
 Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
Remuzzi, Giuseppe:
 IRCCS, Ist Ric Farmacol Mario Negri, Bergamo, Italy

 Azienda Sociosanitaria Territoriale, Papa Giovanni 23, Bergamo, Italy

 Univ Milan, Dept Biomed & Clin Sci L Sacco, Milan, Italy
Renzaho, Andre M. N. N.:
 Western Sydney Univ, Sydney, NSW, Australia
Resnikoff, Serge:
 Univ New South Wales, Brien Holden Vis Inst, Randwick, NSW, Australia

 Univ New South Wales, Sch Optometry & Vis Sci, Randwick, NSW, Australia
Rezaei, Satar:
 Kermanshah Univ Med Sci, Res Ctr Environm Determinants Hlth, Kermanshah, Iran
Rezai, Mohammad Sadegh:
 Mazandaran Univ Med Sci, Infect Dis Res Ctr Focus Nosocomial Infect, Sari, Iran
Ribeiro, Antonio L.:
 Univ Fed Minas Gerais, Hosp Clin, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
Rokni, Mohammad Bagher:
 Univ Tehran Med Sci, Tehran, Iran
Ronfani, Luca:
 IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, Inst Maternal & Child Hlth, Trieste, Italy
Roshandel, Gholamreza:
 Univ Tehran Med Sci, Digest Dis Res Inst, Tehran, Iran

 Golestan Univ Med Sci, Golestan Res Ctr Gastroenterol & Hepatol, Gorgan, Iran
Roth, Gregory A.:
 Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
Rothenbacher, Dietrich:
 Univ Ulm, Inst Epidemiol & Med Biometry, Ulm, Germany
Roy, Ambuj:
 All India Inst Med Sci, New Delhi, India
Rubagotti, Enrico:
 Univ Tecn Norte, Ibarra, Ecuador
Ruhago, George Mugambage:
 Muhimbili Univ Hlth & Allied Sci, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania
Saadat, Soheil:
 Univ Tehran Med Sci, Sina Trauma & Surg Res Ctr, Tehran, Iran
Sabde, Yogesh Damodar:
 Natl Inst Res Environm Hlth, Bhopal, India
Sachdev, Perminder S.:
 Univ New South Wales, Randwick, NSW, Australia

 Prince Wales Hosp, Randwick, NSW, Australia
Sadat, Nafis:
 Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
Safdarian, Mahdi:
 Univ Tehran Med Sci, Sina Trauma & Surg Res Ctr, Tehran, Iran
Safiri, Sare Safi Saeid:
 Shahid Beheshti Univ Med Sci, Ophthalm Epidemiol Res Ctr, Tehran, Iran

 Maragheh Univ Med Sci, Sch Nursing & Midwifery, Dept Publ Hlth, Managerial Epidemiol Res Ctr, Maragheh, Iran
Sagar, Rajesh:
 All India Inst Med Sci, New Delhi, India
Sahathevan, Ramesh:
 Univ Kebangsaan Malaysia, Med Ctr, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

 Ballarat Hlth Serv, Ballarat, Vic, Australia
Sahebkar, Amirhossein:
 Univ Western Australia, Sch Med & Pharmacol, Perth, WA, Australia
Sahraian, Mohammad Ali:
 Univ Tehran Med Sci, MS Res Ctr, Neurosci Inst, Tehran, Iran
Salama, Joseph:
 Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
Salamati, Payman:
 Univ Tehran Med Sci, Sina Trauma & Surg Res Ctr, Tehran, Iran
Salvi, Sundeep Santosh:
 Chest Res Fdn, Pune, Maharashtra, India
Samy, Abdallah M.:
 Ain Shams Univ, Cairo, Egypt
Sanabria, Juan Ramon:
 Marshall Univ, J Edwards Sch Med, Huntington, WV USA

 Case Western Reserve Univ, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA
Sanchez-Nino, Maria Dolores:
 IIS Fdn Jimenez Diaz, Madrid, Spain
Santos, Itamar S.:
 Univ Sao Paulo, Internal Med Dept, Sao Paulo, Brazil
Milicevic, Milena M. Santric:
 Univ Belgrade, Inst Social Med, Ctr Sch Publ Hlth & Hlth Management, Fac Med, Belgrade, Serbia
Sarmiento-Suarez, Rodrigo:
 Univ Ciencias Aplicadas & Ambientales, Bogota, DC, Colombia
Sartorius, Benn:
 Univ KwaZulu Natal, Publ Hlth Med, Sch Nursing & Publ Hlth, Durban, South Africa

 UKZN, South African Med Res Council SAMRC, Gastrointestinal Canc Res Ctr, Durban, South Africa
Satpathy, Maheswar:
 Utkal Univ, Ctr Adv Study Psychol, Bhubaneswar, Orissa, India
Sawhney, Monika:
 Marshall Univ, Dept Publ Hlth, Huntington, WV USA
Saxena, Sonia:
 Imperial Coll London, London, England
Saylan, Mete I.:
 Bayer Turkey, Istanbul, Turkey
Schmidt, Maria Ines:
 Univ Fed Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
Schneider, Ione J. C.:
 Univ Fed Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, SC, Brazil
Schutte, Aletta E.:
 North West Univ, HART, Potchefstroom, South Africa

 South African Med Res Council, Potchefstroom, South Africa
Schwebel, David C.:
 Univ Alabama Birmingham, Birmingham, AL USA
Schwendicke, Falk:
 Charite, Berlin, Germany
Seedat, Soraya:
 Stellenbosch Univ, Cape Town, South Africa
Sepanlou, Sadaf G.:
 Univ Tehran Med Sci, Digest Dis Res Inst, Tehran, Iran
Servan-Mori, Edson E.:
 Natl Inst Publ Hlth, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
Shackelford, Katya Anne:
 Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
Shaheen, Amira:
 An Najah Univ, Dept Publ Hlth, Nablus, Palestine
Shahraz, Saeid:
 Tufts Med Ctr, Boston, MA USA
Shaikh, Masood Ali:
 Independent Consultant, Karachi, Pakistan
Shamsipour, Mansour:
 Univ Tehran Med Sci, Inst Environm Res, Tehran, Iran
Shamsizadeh, Morteza:
 Hamadan Univ Med Sci, Sch Nursing & Midwifery, Dept Med Surg Nursing, Hamadan, Iran
Islam, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful:
 Int Ctr Diarrhoeal Dis Res, Dhaka, Bangladesh

 George Inst Global Hlth, Sydney, NSW, Australia
Sharma, Jayendra:
 Minist Hlth, Thimphu, Bhutan
Sharma, Rajesh:
 Indian Inst Technol Ropar, Rupnagar, India
She, Jun:
 Fudan Univ, Zhongshan Hosp, Dept Pulm Med, Shanghai, Peoples R China
Shen, Jiabin:
 Res Inst Nationwide Childrens Hosp, Columbus, OH USA
Shetty, Balakrishna P.:
 Sri Siddhartha Univ, Tumkur, India

 ISHA Diagnost, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
Shi, Peilin:
 Tufts Univ, Boston, MA 02111 USA
Shibuya, Kenji:
 Univ Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
Shigematsu, Mika:
 Natl Inst Infect Dis, Tokyo, Japan

 Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA
Shiri, Rahman:
 Univ Helsinki, Finnish Inst Occupat Hlth, Work Organizat, Work Disabil Program,Dept Publ Hlth,Fac Med, Helsinki, Finland
Shiue, Ivy:
 Northumbria Univ, Fac Hlth & Life Sci, Newcastle Upon Tyne, Tyne & Wear, England

 Univ Edinburgh, Alzheimer Scotland Dementia Res Ctr, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland
Shrime, Mark G.:
 Harvard Univ, Harvard Med Sch, Boston, MA 02115 USA
Sigfusdottir, Inga Dora:
 Reykjavik Univ, Reykjavik, Iceland
Silberberg, Donald H.:
 Univ Penn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
Silpakit, Naris:
 Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
Silva, Diego Augusto Santos:
 Univ Fed Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, SC, Brazil
Silva, Joao Pedro:
 Univ Porto, Fac Pharm, Toxicol Grp, UCIBIO REQUIMTE, Oporto, Portugal
Silveira, Dayane Gabriele Alves:
 Brasilia Univ, Brasilia, DF, Brazil
Sindi, Shireen:
 Karolinska Inst, Stockholm, Sweden
Singh, Abhishek:
 Int Inst Populat Sci, Bombay, Maharashtra, India
Singh, Jasvinder A.:
 Univ Alabama Birmingham, Birmingham, AL USA

 Birmingham Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Birmingham, AL USA
Singh, Prashant Kumar:
 Inst Human Dev, New Delhi, India
Singh, Virendra:
 Asthma Bhawan, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
Sinha, Dhirendra Narain:
 Sch Prevent Oncol, Patna, Bihar, India

 Natl Inst Canc Prevent, WHO FCTC Global Knowledge Hub Smokeless Tobacco, Noida, India
Skiadaresi, Eirini:
 Hywel Dda Univ Hlth Board, Carmarthen, Dyfed, Wales

 Bristol Eye Hosp, Bristol, Avon, England
Sligar, Amber:
 Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
Smith, David L.:
 Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
Sobaih, Badr H. A.:
 King Saud Univ, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

 King Khalid Univ Hosp, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
Sobngwi, Eugene:
 Univ Yaounde, Yaounde, Cameroon

 Yaounde Cent Hosp, Yaounde, Cameroon
Soneji, Samir:
 Dartmouth Coll, Hanover, NH 03755 USA
Soriano, Joan B.:
 Univ Autonoma Madrid, Univ la Princesa IISP, Inst Invest Hosp, Madrid, Spain
Sreeramareddy, Chandrashekhar T.:
 Int Med Univ, Dept Community Med, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Srinivasan, Vinay:
 Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
Stathopoulou, Vasiliki:
 Attikon Univ Hosp, Athens, Greece
Steel, Nicholas:
 Univ East Anglia, Norwich, Norfolk, England

 Publ Hlth England, London, England
Stein, Dan J.:
 Univ Cape Town, Dept Psychiat, Cape Town, South Africa

 South African Med Res Council, Unit Anxiety & Stress Disorders, Cape Town, South Africa
Steiner, Caitlyn:
 Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
Stockl, Heidi:
 London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, London, England
Stokes, Mark Andrew:
 Deakin Univ, Burwood, Vic, Australia
Strong, Mark:
 Univ Sheffield, Sch Hlth & Related Res, Sheffield, S Yorkshire, England
Sufiyan, Muawiyyah Babale:
 Ahmadu Bello Univ, Zaria, Nigeria
Suliankatchi, Rizwan Abdulkader:
 Minist Hlth Kingdom Saudi Arabia, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
Sunguya, Bruno F.:
 Muhimbili Univ Hlth & Allied Sci, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania
Sur, Patrick J.:
 Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
Swaminathan, Soumya:
 Indian Council Med Res, Madras, Tamil Nadu, India
Sykes, Bryan L.:
 Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Criminol Law & Soc, Sociol, Irvine, CA USA

 Univ Calif Irvine, Publ Hlth, Irvine, CA USA
Szoeke, Cassandra E. I.:
 Univ Melbourne, Inst Hlth & Ageing, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
Tabares-Seisdedos, Rafael:
 Univ Valencia, Dept Med, INCLIVA Hlth Res Inst, Valencia, Spain

 Univ Valencia, CIBERSAM, Valencia, Spain
Tadakamadla, Santosh Kumar:
 Griffith Univ, Gold Coast, Qld, Australia
Tadese, Fentaw:
 Wollo Univ, Dept Publ Hlth, Dessie, Ethiopia
Tandon, Nikhil:
 All India Inst Med Sci, New Delhi, India
Tarajia, Musharaf:
 Inst Conmemorat Gorgas Estudios Salud, Panama City, Panama

 Inst Invest Cient & Serv Alta Tecnol, Panama City, Panama
Tavakkoli, Mohammad:
 New York Med Ctr, Valhalla, NY USA
Taveira, Nuno:
 Inst Super Ciencias Saude Egas Moniz, Almada, Portugal

 Univ Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
Tehrani-Banihashemi, Arash:
 Iran Univ Med Sci, Dept Community Med, Tehran, Iran

 Iran Univ Med Sci, Prevent Med & Publ Hlth Res Ctr, Tehran, Iran
Tekelab, Tesfalidet:
 Wollega Univ, Nekemte, Ethiopia

 Univ Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
Tekle, Dejen Yemane:
 Mekelle Univ, Mekelle, Ethiopia
Shifa, Girma Temam:
 Addis Ababa Univ, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

 Arba Minch Univ, Arba Minch, Ethiopia
Temsah, Mohamad-Hani:
 King Saud Univ, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

 King Faisal Specialist Hosp & Res Ctr, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
Terkawi, Abdullah Sulieman:
 Univ Virginia, Dept Anesthesiol, Charlottesville, VA USA

 Cleveland Clin, Dept Anesthesiol, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA
Tesema, Cheru Leshargie:
 Debre Markos Univ, Debre Markos, Ethiopia
Tesssema, Belay:
 Univ Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
Theis, Andrew:
 Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
Thomas, Nihal:
 Christian Med Coll & Hosp, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
Thompson, Alex H.:
 Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
Thomson, Alan J.:
 Adapt Knowledge Management, Victoria, BC, Canada
Thrift, Amanda G.:
 Monash Univ, Sch Clin Sci Monash Hlth, Dept Med, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
Tiruye, Tenaw Yimer:
 Debre Markos Univ, Debre Markos, Ethiopia
Tobe-Gai, Ruoyan:
 Natl Ctr Child Hlth & Dev, Tokyo, Japan
Tonelli, Marcello:
 Univ Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
Topor-Madry, Roman:
 Jagiellonian Univ, Med Coll, Inst Publ Hlth, Fac Hlth Sci, Krakow, Poland

 Wroclaw Med Univ, Fac Hlth Sci, Wroclaw, Poland
Topouzis, Fotis:
 Aristotle Univ Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
Tortajada, Miguel:
 Hosp Univ Doctor Peset, Valencia, Spain

 Univ Valencia, Sch Med, Valencia, Spain
Tran, Bach Xuan:
 Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD USA

 Hanoi Med Univ, Hanoi, Vietnam
Trujillo, Thomas Truelsen Ulises:
 Univ Copenhagen, Dept Neurol, Rigshosp, Copenhagen, Denmark

 Serv Canario Salud, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
Tsilimparis, Nikolaos:
 Univ Heart Ctr Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
Tuem, Kald Beshir:
 Mekelle Univ, Mekelle, Ethiopia
Tuzcu, Emin Murat:
 Cleveland Clin, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA
Tyrovolas S:
 Univ Barcelona, Parc Sanitari St Joan de Deu, Fundacio St Joan de Deu, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Spain
Ukwaja, Kingsley Nnanna:
 Fed Teaching Hosp, Dept Internal Med, Abakaliki, Nigeria
Undurraga, Eduardo A.:
 Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile, Sch Govt, Santiago, Chile
Uthman, Olalekan A.:
 Univ Warwick, Warwick Med Sch, Coventry, W Midlands, England
Uzochukwu, Benjamin S. Chudi:
 Univ Nigeria, Enugu Campus, Nsukka, Enugu, Nigeria
van Boven, Job F. M.:
 Univ Groningen, Univ Med Ctr Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
Varakin, Yuri Y.:
 Res Ctr Neurol, Moscow, Russia
Vasankari, Tommi:
 UKK Inst Hlth Promot Res, Tampere, Finland
Vasconcelos, Ana Maria Nogales:
 Univ Brasilia, Brasilia, DF, Brazil
Venketasubramanian, Narayanaswamy:
 Raffles Hosp, Raffles Neurosci Ctr, Singapore, Singapore
Vidavalur, Ramesh:
 Weill Cornell Med Coll, New York, NY USA
Violante, Francesco S.:
 Univ Bologna, Bologna, Italy
Vishnu, Abhishek:
 Icahn Sch Med Mt Sinai, New York, NY 10029 USA
Vladimirov, Sergey K.:
 Fed Res Inst Hlth Org & Informat, Moscow, Russia
Vlassov, Vasiliy Victorovich:
 Natl Res Univ, Higher Sch Econ, Moscow, Russia
Vollset, Stein Emil:
 Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA

 Norwegian Inst Publ Hlth, Ctr Dis Burden, Oslo, Norway

 Univ Bergen, Dept Global Publ Hlth & Primary Care, Bergen, Norway
Vos, Theo:
 Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
Waid, Jillian L.:
 Heidelberg Univ, Heidelberg, Germany

 Helen Keller Int, Dhaka, Bangladesh
Wakayo, Tolassa:
 Jimma Univ, Jimma, Ethiopia
Wang, Yuan-Pang:
 Univ Sao Paulo, Fac Med, Sao Paulo, Brazil
Weichenthal, Scott:
 McGill Univ, Ottawa, ON, Canada
Weiderpass, Elisabete:
 Karolinska Inst, Dept Med Epidemiol & Biostat, Stockholm, Sweden

 Canc Registry Norway, Inst Populat Based Canc Res, Dept Res, Oslo, Norway

 Arct Univ Norway, Univ Tromso, Dept Community Med, Fac Hlth Sci, Tromso, Norway
Weintraub, Robert G.:
 Royal Childrens Hosp, Melbourne, Vic, Australia

 Murdoch Childrens Res Inst, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
Werdecker, Andrea:
 Fed Inst Populat Res, Competence Ctr Mortality Follow German Natl Cohor, Wiesbaden, Germany
Wesana, Joshua:
 Univ Ghent, Fac Biosci Engn, Ghent, Belgium

 Mt Moon Univ, Ft Portal, Uganda
Wijeratne, Tissa:
 Univ Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic, Australia

 Western Hlth, Footscray, Vic, Australia
Wilkinson, James D.:
 Wayne State Univ, Sch Med, Detroit, MI USA

 Childrens Hosp Michigan, Detroit, MI 48201 USA
Wiysonge, Charles Shey:
 Stellenbosch Univ, Cape Town, South Africa

 South African Med Res Council, Cape Town, South Africa
Woldeyes, Belete Getahun:
 Addis Ababa Univ, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Wolfe, Charles D. A.:
 Kings Coll London, Div Hlth & Social Care Res, London, England

 Guys & St Thomas NHS Fdn Trust, Comprehens Biomed Res Ctr, Natl Inst Hlth Res, London, England

 Kings Coll London, London, England
Workicho, Abdulhalik:
 Jimma Univ, Jimma, Ethiopia

 Univ Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
Workie, Shimelash Bitew:
 Wolaita Sodo Univ, Wolaita Sodo, Ethiopia
Xavier, Denis:
 St Johns Med Coll & Res Inst, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
Xu, Gelin:
 Nanjing Univ, Jinling Hosp, Dept Neurol, Sch Med, Nanjing, Jiangsu, Peoples R China
Yaghoubi, Mohsen:
 Iran Univ Med Sci, Tehran, Iran

 Univ Saskatchewan, Sch Publ Hlth, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
Yakob, Bereket:
 Univ KwaZulu Natal, Publ Hlth Med, Sch Nursing & Publ Hlth, Durban, South Africa
Yalew, Ayalnesh Zemene:
 Mekelle Univ, Mekelle, Ethiopia
Yan, Lijing L.:
 Duke Kunshan Univ, Global Hlth Res Ctr, Kunshan, Peoples R China
Yano, Yuichiro:
 Northwestern Univ, Dept Prevent Med, Chicago, IL USA
Yaseri, Mehdi:
 Univ Tehran Med Sci, Tehran, Iran

 Shahid Beheshti Univ Med Sci, Ophthalm Res Ctr, Tehran, Iran
Ye, Pengpeng:
 Chinese Ctr Dis Control, Natl Ctr Chron & Noncommunicable Dis Control & Pr, Beijing, Peoples R China
Yimam, Hassen Hamid:
 Mizan Tepi Univ, Mizan Teferi, Ethiopia
Yip, Paul:
 Univ Hong Kong, Social Work & Social Adm Dept, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China

 Univ Hong Kong, Hong Kong Jockey Club Ctr Suicide Res & Prevent, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China
Yirsaw, Biruck Desalegn:
 Addis Ababa Univ, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

 Univ South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA, Australia
Yonemoto, Naohiro:
 Kyoto Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Biostat, Kyoto, Japan
Yoon, Seok-Jun:
 Korea Univ, Dept Prevent Med, Coll Med, Seoul, South Korea
Yotebieng, Marcel:
 Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA
Younis, Mustafa Z.:
 Jackson State Univ, Jackson, MS USA
Zaidi, Zoubida:
 Univ Hosp, Setif, Algeria
Zaki, Maysaa El Sayed:
 Mansoura Univ, Fac Med, Mansoura, Egypt
Zeeb, Hajo:
 Leibniz Inst Prevent Res & Epidemiol, Bremen, Germany
Zenebe, Zerihun Menlkalew:
 Mekelle Univ, Mekelle, Ethiopia
Zerfu, Taddese Alemu:
 Addis Ababa Univ, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

 Dilla Univ, Dilla, Ethiopia
Zhang, Anthony Lin:
 RMIT Univ, Sch Hlth & Biomed Sci, Bundoora, Vic, Australia
Zhang, Xueying:
 Univ Texas Houston, Sch Publ Hlth, Houston, TX USA

 MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Houston, TX USA
Zodpey, Sanjay:
 Publ Hlth Fdn India, Gurugram, India
Zuhlke, Liesl Joanna:
 Red Cross War Mem Childrens Hosp, Cape Town, South Africa
Lopez, Alan D.:
 Univ Melbourne, Melbourne Sch Populat & Global Hlth, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
Murray, Christopher J. L.:
 Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
ISSN: 01406736





LANCET
Editorial
ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC, STE 800, 230 PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10169, Reino Unido
Tipo de documento: Article
Volumen: 390 Número: 10100
Páginas: 1084-1150
WOS Id: 000410630000002
ID de PubMed: 28919115
imagen Green Published, Green Accepted, hybrid, Green Submitted

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