The association between persistent cognitive difficulties and depression and functional outcomes in people with major depressive disorder.
Por:
Matcham F, Simblett SK, Leightley D, Dalby M, Siddi S, Haro JM, Lamers F, Penninx BWHJ, Bruce S, Nica R, Zormpas S, Gilpin G, White KM, Oetzmann C, Annas P, Brasen JC, Narayan VA, Hotopf M and Wykes T
Publicada:
1 oct 2023
Ahead of Print:
13 dic 2022
Resumen:
BACKGROUND: Cognitive symptoms are common during and following episodes of depression. Little is known about the persistence of self-reported and performance-based cognition with depression and functional outcomes. METHODS: This is a secondary analysis of a prospective naturalistic observational clinical cohort study of individuals with recurrent major depressive disorder (MDD; N = 623). Participants completed app-based self-reported and performance-based cognitive function assessments alongside validated measures of depression, functional disability, and self-esteem every 3 months. Participants were followed-up for a maximum of 2-years. Multilevel hierarchically nested modelling was employed to explore between- and within-participant variation over time to identify whether persistent cognitive difficulties are related to levels of depression and functional impairment during follow-up. RESULTS: 508 individuals (81.5%) provided data (mean age: 46.6, s.d.: 15.6; 76.2% female). Increasing persistence of self-reported cognitive difficulty was associated with higher levels of depression and functional impairment throughout the follow-up. In comparison to low persistence of objective cognitive difficulty (<25% of timepoints), those with high persistence (>75% of timepoints) reported significantly higher levels of depression (B = 5.17, s.e. = 2.21, p = 0.019) and functional impairment (B = 4.82, s.e. = 1.79, p = 0.002) over time. Examination of the individual cognitive modules shows that persistently impaired executive function is associated with worse functioning, and poor processing speed is particularly important for worsened depressive symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: We replicated previous findings of greater persistence of cognitive difficulty with increasing severity of depression and further demonstrate that these cognitive difficulties are associated with pervasive functional disability. Difficulties with cognition may be an indicator and target for further treatment input.
Filiaciones:
Matcham F:
The Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
School of Psychology, University of Sussex, Falmer, UK
Simblett SK:
The Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
Leightley D:
The Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
Dalby M:
Muna Therapeutics, Copenhagen, Denmark
Siddi S:
Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Fundació San Joan de Déu, Universitat de Barcelona, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Spain
Haro JM:
Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Fundació San Joan de Déu, Universitat de Barcelona, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Spain
Lamers F:
Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Amsterdam Public Health, Mental Health Program, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Penninx BWHJ:
Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Amsterdam Public Health, Mental Health Program, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Bruce S:
The Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
Nica R:
The Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
The Romanian League for Mental Health, Bucharest, Romania
Zormpas S:
The Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
EPIONI Greek Carers Network, Athens, Greece
Gilpin G:
The Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
White KM:
The Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
Oetzmann C:
The Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
Annas P:
H. Lundbeck A/S, Copenhagen, Denmark
Brasen JC:
H. Lundbeck A/S, Copenhagen, Denmark
Narayan VA:
Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, New York, USA
Hotopf M:
The Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
Wykes T:
The Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
Open Access
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