Mortality, morbidity, and hospitalisations due to influenza lower respiratory tract infections, 2017: an analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017
Por:
Troeger, CE, Blacker, BF, Khalil, IA, Zimsen, SRM, Albertson, SB, Abate, D, Abdela, J, Adhikari, TB, Aghayan, SA, Agrawal, S, Ahmadi, A, Aichour, AN, Aichour, I, Aichour, MTE, Al-Eyadhy, A, Al-Raddadi, RM, Alahdab, F, Alene, KA, Aljunid, SM, Alvis-Guzman, N, Anber, NH, Anjomshoa, M, Antonio, CAT, Aremu, O, Atalay, HT, Atique, S, Attia, EF, Avokpaho, EFGA, Awasthi, A, Babazadeh, A, Badali, H, Badawi, A, Banoub, JAM, Barac, A, Bassat Q, Bedi, N, Belachew, AB, Bennett, DA, Bhattacharyya, K, Bhutta, ZA, Bijani, A, Carvalho, F, Castañeda-Orjuela, CA, Christopher, DJ, Dandona, L, Dandona, R, Dang, AK, Daryani, A, Degefa, MG, Demeke, FM, Dhimal, M, Djalalinia, S, Doku, DT, Dubey, M, Dubljanin, E, Duken, EE, Edessa, D, Zaki, ME, Fakhim, H, Fernandes, E, Fischer, F, Flor, LS, Foreman, KJ, Gebremichael, TG, Geremew, D, Ghadiri, K, Goulart, AC, Guo, JW, Ha, GH, Hailu, GB, Haj-Mirzaian, A, Haj-Mirzaian, A, Hamidi, S, Hassen, HY, Hoang, CL, Horita, N, Hostiuc, M, Irvani, SSN, Jha, RP, Jonas, JB, Kahsay, A, Karch, A, Kasaeian, A, Kassa, TD, Kefale, AT, Khader, YS, Khan, EA, Khan, G, Khan, MN, Khang, YH, Khoja, AT, Khubchandani, J, Kimokoti, RW, Kisa, A, Knibbs, LD, Kochhar, S, Kosen, S, Koul, PA, Koyanagi A, Defo, BK, Kumar, GA, Lal, DK, Lamichhane, P, Leshargie, CT, Levi, M, Li, SS, Macarayan, ERK, Majdan, M, Mehta, V, Melese, A, Memish, ZA, Mengistu, DT, Meretoja, TJ, Mestrovic, T, Miazgowski, B, Milne, GJ, Milosevic, B, Mirrakhimov, EM, Moazen, B, Mohammad, KA, Mohammed, S, Monasta, L, Morawska, L, Mousavi, SM, Muhammed, OSS, Murthy, S, Mustafa, G, Naheed, A, Nguyen, HLT, Nguyen, NB, Nguyen, SH, Nguyen, TH, Nisar, MI, Nixon, MR, Ogbo, FA, Olagunju, AT, Olagunju, TO, Oren, E, Ortiz, JR, Mahesh, PA, Pakhale, S, Patel, S, Paudel, D, Pigott, DM, Postma, MJ, Qorbani, M, Rafay, A, Rafiei, A, Rahimi-Movaghar, V, Rai, RK, Rezai, MS, Roberts, NLS, Ronfani, L, Rubino, S, Safari, S, Safiri, S, Saleem, Z, Sambala, EZ, Samy, AM, Milicevic, MMS, Sartorius, B, Sarvi, S, Savic, M, Sawhney, M, Saxena, S, Seyedmousavi, S, Shaikh, MA, Sharif, M, Sheikh, A, Shigematsu, M, Smith, DL, Somayaji, R, Soriano, JB, Sreeramareddy, CT, Sufiyan, MB, Temsah, MI, Tessema, B, Teweldemedhin, M, Tortajada-Girbes, M, Tran, BX, Tran, KB, Tsadik, AG, Ukwaja, KN, Ullah, I, Vasankari, TJ, Vollset, SE, Vu, GT, Wada, FW, Waheed, Y, West, TE, Wiysonge, CS, Yimer, EM, Yonemoto, N, Zaidi, Z, Vos, T, Lim, SS, Murray, CJL, Mokdad, AH, Hay, SI and Reiner, RC
Publicada:
1 ene 2019
Categoría:
Pulmonary and respiratory medicine
Resumen:
Background Although the burden of influenza is often discussed in the context of historical pandemics and the threat of future pandemics, every year a substantial burden of lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) and other respiratory conditions (like chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) are attributable to seasonal influenza. The Global Burden of Disease Study (GBD) 2017 is a systematic scientific effort to quantify the health loss associated with a comprehensive set of diseases and disabilities. In this Article, we focus on LRTIs that can be attributed to influenza.
Methods We modelled the LRTI incidence, hospitalisations, and mortality attributable to influenza for every country and selected subnational locations by age and year from 1990 to 2017 as part of GBD 2017. We used a counterfactual approach that first estimated the LRTI incidence, hospitalisations, and mortality and then attributed a fraction of those outcomes to influenza.
Findings Influenza LRTI was responsible for an estimated 145 000 (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 99 000-200 000) deaths among all ages in 2017. The influenza LRTI mortality rate was highest among adults older than 70 years (16.4 deaths per 100 000 [95% UI 11.6-21.9]), and the highest rate among all ages was in eastern Europe (5.2 per 100 000 population [95% UI 3.5-7.2]). We estimated that influenza LRTIs accounted for 9 459 000 (95% UI 3 709 000-22 935 000) hospitalisations due to LRTIs and 81 536 000 hospital days (24 330 000-259 851 000). We estimated that 11.5% (95% UI 10.0-12.9) of LRTI episodes were attributable to influenza, corresponding to 54 481 000 (38 465 000-73 864 000) episodes and 8 172 000 severe episodes (5 000 000-13 296 000).
Interpretation This comprehensive assessment of the burden of influenza LRTIs shows the substantial annual effect of influenza on global health. Although preparedness planning will be important for potential pandemics, health loss due to seasonal influenza LRTIs should not be overlooked, and vaccine use should be considered. Efforts to improve influenza prevention measures are needed. Copyright (c) 2018 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.
Filiaciones:
Troeger, CE:
Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
Blacker, BF:
Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
Khalil, IA:
Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
Univ Washington, Dept Hlth Metr Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
Zimsen, SRM:
Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
Albertson, SB:
Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
Abate, D:
Haramaya Univ, Harar, Ethiopia
Abdela, J:
Haramaya Univ, Sch Pharm, Harar, Ethiopia
Adhikari, TB:
Ctr Social Sci & Publ Hlth Res Nepal, Nepal Hlth Res Environm, Lalitpur, Nepal
Univ Southern Denmark, Unit Hlth Promot Res, Esbjerg, Denmark
Aghayan, SA:
Yerevan State Univ, Dept Zool, Yerevan, Armenia
Sci Ctr Zool & Hydroecol, Res Grp Mol Parasitol, Yerevan, Armenia
Agrawal, S:
Publ Hlth Fdn India, Gurugram, India
Vital Strategies, Gurugram, India
Ahmadi, A:
Kermanshah Univ Med Sci, Dept Anesthesiol, Kermanshah, Iran
Aichour, AN:
Univ Ferhat Abbas Setif, Setif, Algeria
Aichour, I:
Univ Ferhat Abbas Setif, Setif, Algeria
Aichour, MTE:
Higher Natl Sch Vet Med, Algiers, Algeria
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King Saud Univ, Pediat Intens Care Unit, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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King Abdulaziz Univ, Dept Family & Community Med, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Mayo Clin, Fdn Med Educ & Res, Evidence Based Practice Ctr, Rochester, MN USA
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Univ Gondar, Inst Publ Hlth, Gondar, Ethiopia
Australian Natl Univ, Res Sch Populat Hlth, Canberra, ACT, Australia
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Kuwait Univ, Dept Hlth Policy & Management, Safat, Kuwait
Natl Univ Malaysia, Int Ctr Casemix & Clin Codeing, Bandar Tun Razak, Malaysia
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Univ Cartagena, Res Grp Hlth Econ, Cartagena, Colombia
Univ Coast, Hosp Management & Hlth Policies, Res Grp, Barranquilla, Colombia
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Mansoura Univ, Fac Med, Mansoura, Egypt
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Rafsanjan Univ Med Sci, Social Determinants Hlth Res Ctr, Rafsanjan, Iran
Univ Tehran Med Sci, Dept Hlth Management & Econ, Tehran, Iran
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Univ Philippines Manila, Dept Hlth Policy & Adm, Manila, Philippines
Hong Kong Polytech Univ, Dept Appl Social Sci, Hong Kong, Peoples R China
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Birmingham City Univ, Sch Hlth Sci, Birmingham, W Midlands, England
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Aksum Univ, Dept Nursing, Aksum, Ethiopia
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Univ Washington, Div Pulm Crit Care & Sleep Med, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
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Benin Clin Res Inst, Abomey Calavi, Benin
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Ctr Infect Dis Res, Babol Sar, Iran
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Mazandaran Univ Med Sci, Dept Med Mycol, Sari, Iran
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Univ Toronto, Dept Nutr Sci, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Alexandria Univ, Fac Med, Alexandria, Egypt
Univ Hosp Fdn Santa Fe Bogota, Dept Transplant Serv, Bogota, Colombia
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Clin Ctr Serbia, Clin Infect & Trop Dis, Belgrade, Serbia
Univ Belgrade, Fac Med, Belgrade, Serbia
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Barcelona Inst Global Hlth, Barcelona, Spain
Manhica Hlth Res Ctr, Manhica, Mozambique
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Gandhi Med Coll Bhopal, Dept Community Med, Bhopal, India
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Univ Oxford, Nuffield Dept Populat Hlth, Oxford, England
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Natl Inst Biomed Genom, Biostat & Bioinformat, Kalyani, W Bengal, India
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Univ Toronto, Ctr Global Child Hlth, Hosp Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
Aga Khan Univ, Ctr Excellence Women & Child Hlth, Karachi, Pakistan
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Univ Porto, Inst Publ Hlth, Porto, Portugal
Univ Porto, Appl Mol Biosci Unit, Porto, Portugal
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Natl Inst Hlth, Colombian Natl Hlth Observ, Bogota, Colombia
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Christian Med Coll & Hosp, Dept Pulm Med, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
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Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
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Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
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Duy Tan Univ, Inst Global Hlth Innovat, Hanoi, Vietnam
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Mazandaran Univ Med Sci, Toxoplasmosis Res Ctr, Sari, Iran
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Mekelle Univ, Dept Nutr & Dietet, Mekelle, Ethiopia
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Univ Gondar, Dept Med Microbiol, Gondar, Ethiopia
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UN World Food Programme, New Delhi, India
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Univ Belgrade, Fac Med, Belgrade, Serbia
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Bielefeld Univ, Dept Publ Hlth Med, Bielefeld, Germany
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Mekelle Univ, Sch Pharm, Mekelle, Ethiopia
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Univ Gondar, Dept Med Microbiol, Gondar, Ethiopia
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Univ Sao Paulo, Univ Hosp, Internal Med Dept, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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Duy Tan Univ, Inst Global Hlth Innovat, Hanoi, Vietnam
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Mekelle Univ, Biomed Sci Div, Mekelle, Ethiopia
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Univ Tehran Med Sci, Dept Pharmacol, Tehran, Iran
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Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Radiol, Baltimore, MD USA
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Univ Tehran Med Sci, Dept Pharmacol, Tehran, Iran
Shahid Beheshti Univ Med Sci, Res Inst Endocrine Sci, Obes Res Ctr, Tehran, Iran
Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Radiol, Baltimore, MD USA
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Hamdan Bin Mohammed Smart Univ, Sch Hlth & Environm Studies, Dubai, U Arab Emirates
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Univ Antwerp Hosp, Unit Epidemiol & Social Med, Antwerp, Belgium
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Nguyen Tat Thanh Univ, Ctr Excellence Behav Med, Ho Chi Minh, Vietnam
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Yokohama City Univ, Dept Pulmonol, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
NHGRI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
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Carol Davila Univ Med & Pharm, Dept Gen Surg, Bucharest, Romania
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Univ Tehran Med Sci, Non Communicable Dis Res Ctr, Tehran, Iran
Shahid Beheshti Univ Med Sci, Res Inst Endocrine Sci, Tehran, Iran
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Banaras Hindu Univ, Dept Community Med, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Heidelberg Univ, Dept Ophthalmol, Mannheim, Germany
Beijing Tongren Hosp, Beijing Inst Ophthalmol, Beijing, Peoples R China
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Mekelle Univ, Dept Nutr & Dietet, Mekelle, Ethiopia
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Helmholtz Ctr Infect Res, Dept Epidemiol, Braunschweig, Germany
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Univ Tehran Med Sci, Hematol Oncol & Stem Cell Transplantat Res Ctr, Tehran, Iran
Univ Tehran Med Sci, Hematol Malignancies Res Ctr, Tehran, Iran
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Mekelle Univ, Clin Pharm Unit, Mekelle, Ethiopia
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Mizan Tepi Univ, Dept Pharm, Teppi, Ethiopia
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Jordan Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Publ Hlth & Community Med, Ramtha, Jordan
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Hlth Serv Acad, Epidemiol & Biostat Dept, Islamabad, Pakistan
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United Arab Emirates Univ, Dept Med Microbiol & Immunol, Al Ain, U Arab Emirates
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Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Hlth Policy & Management, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA
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Ball State Univ, Dept Nutr & Hlth Sci, Muncie, IN USA
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Simmons Coll, Dept Nutr, Boston, MA 02115 USA
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Univ Oslo, Dept Hlth Management & Hlth Econ, Oslo, Norway
Tulane Univ, Dept Global Community Hlth & Behav Sci, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA
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Univ Queensland, Sch Publ Hlth, Herston, Qld, Australia
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Univ Washington, Dept Global Hlth, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
Erasmus Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Publ Hlth, Rotterdam, Netherlands
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Sheri Kashmir Inst Med Sci, Dept Internal & Pulm Med, Srinagar, Jammu & Kashmir, India
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San Juan Dios Sanitary Pk, Res & Dev Unit, St Boi De Llobregat, Spain
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Univ Montreal, Dept Social & Prevent Med, Montreal, PQ, Canada
Univ Montreal, Dept Demog, Montreal, PQ, Canada
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Publ Hlth Fdn India, Gurugram, India
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Publ Hlth Fdn India, Gurugram, India
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Deakin Univ, Sch Med, Geelong, Vic, Australia
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Debre Markos Univ, Dept Publ Hlth, Debre Markos, Ethiopia
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Tuscany Ctr, Local Hlth Unit, Reg Ctr Anal Data Occupat & Work Related Injuries, Florence, Italy
Univ Florence, Dept Hlth Sci, Florence, Italy
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Monash Univ, Sch Publ Hlth & Prevent Med, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
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Univ Philippines Manila, Dev & Commun Studies, Manila, Philippines
Harvard Univ, Ariadne Labs, Boston, MA 02115 USA
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Trnava Univ, Dept Publ Hlth, Trnava, Slovakia
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Sevenhills Hosp, Dept Internal Med, Bombay, Maharashtra, India
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Debre Tabor Univ, Coll Hlth Sci, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
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Minist Hlth, Prince Mohammed Bin Abdulaziz Hosp, Res Dept, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
Alfaisal Univ, Coll Med, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Mekelle Univ, Sch Med, Mekelle, Ethiopia
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Helsinki Univ Hosp, Breast Surg Unit, Helsinki, Finland
Univ Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Dr Zora Profoz Polyclin, Clin Microbiol & Parasitol Unit, Zagreb, Croatia
Univ North, Univ Ctr Varazdin, Varazhdin, Croatia
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Pomeranian Med Univ, Emergency Dept, Szczecin, Poland
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Univ Western Australia, Dept Comp Sci & Software Engn, Perth, WA, Australia
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Clin Ctr Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
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Kyrgyz State Med Acad, Fac Gen Med, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan
Natl Ctr Cardiol & Internal Dis, Dept Atherosclerosis & Coronary Heart Dis, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan
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Heidelberg Univ, Inst Publ Hlth, Mannheim, Germany
Frankfurt Univ Appl Sci, Res Inst Addict, Frankfurt, Germany
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Salahaddin Univ, Dept Biol, Erbil, Iraq
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Heidelberg Univ, Inst Publ Hlth, Mannheim, Germany
Ahmadu Bello Univ, Hlth Syst & Policy Res Unit, Zaria, Nigeria
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Burlo Garofolo Inst Maternal & Child Hlth, Clin Epidemiol & Publ Hlth Res Unit, Trieste, Italy
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Queensland Univ Technol, Int Lab Air Qual & Hlth, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
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Univ Tehran Med Sci, Dept Hlth Management & Econ, Tehran, Iran
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Univ Addis Ababa, Pharmacol & Clin Pharm, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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Univ British Columbia, Dept Pediat, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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Nishtar Med Univ, Dept Pediat, Multan, Pakistan
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Duy Tan Univ, Inst Global Hlth Innovat, Hanoi, Vietnam
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Nguyen Tat Thanh Univ, Ctr Excellence Behav Med, Ho Chi Minh, Vietnam
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Nguyen Tat Thanh Univ, Ctr Excellence Behav Med, Ho Chi Minh, Vietnam
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Nguyen Tat Thanh Univ, Ctr Excellence Behav Med, Ho Chi Minh, Vietnam
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Aga Khan Univ, Dept Pediat & Child Hlth, Karachi, Pakistan
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Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
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Univ Western Sydney, Penrith, NSW, Australia
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Univ Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
Univ Lagos, Dept Psychiat, Lagos, Nigeria
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McMaster Univ, Dept Pathol & Mol Med, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
San Diego State Univ, Grad Sch Publ Hlth, San Diego, CA 92182 USA
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Univ Washington, Dept Global Hlth, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
Univ Maryland, Ctr Vaccine Dev, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA
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Ottawa Hosp Res Inst, Dept Med, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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Maimonides Hosp, Dept Med, Brooklyn, NY USA
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Save Children, Hlth Nutr & HIV AIDS Program, Kathmandu, Nepal
Ludwig Maximilians Univ Munchen, Ctr Int Hlth, Munich, Germany
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Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
Univ Washington, Dept Hlth Metr Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
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Univ Groningen, Univ Med Ctr Groningen, Dept Econ & Business, Groningen, Netherlands
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Contech Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, Lahore, Pakistan
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Mazandaran Univ Med Sci, Mol & Cell Biol Res Ctr, Sari, Iran
Mazandaran Univ Med Sci, Dept Immunol, Sari, Iran
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Univ Tehran Med Sci, Sina Trauma & Surg Res Ctr, Tehran, Iran
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Soc Hlth & Demog Surveillance, Suri, India
Univ Goettingen, Dept Econ, Gottingen, Germany
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Mazandaran Univ Med Sci, Dept Pediat, Sari, Iran
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Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
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Burlo Garofolo Inst Maternal & Child Hlth, Clin Epidemiol & Publ Hlth Res Unit, Trieste, Italy
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Univ Sassari, Dept Biomed Sci, Sassari, Italy
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Shahid Beheshti Univ Med Sci, Emergency Dept, Tehran, Iran
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Maragheh Univ Med Sci, Managerial Epidemiol Res Ctr, Maragheh, Iran
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Punjab Univ, Coll Pharm, Anarkali, Pakistan
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South African Med Res Council, Cochrane South Africa, Cape Town, South Africa
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Ain Shams Univ, Dept Entomol, Cairo, Egypt
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Univ Belgrade, Ctr Sch Publ Hlth & Hlth Management, Belgrade, Serbia
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Univ Kwazulu Natal, Dept Publ Hlth Med, Durban, South Africa
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Mazandaran Univ Med Sci, Toxoplasmosis Res Ctr, Sari, Iran
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GSK Biol, Wavre, Belgium
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Univ North Carolina, Dept Publ Hlth Sci, Charlotte, NC USA
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Imperial Coll London, Sch Publ Hlth, London, England
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Univ Tehran Med Sci, Ctr Expertise Microbiol, Tehran, Iran
Mazandaran Univ Med Sci, Invas Fungi Res Ctr, Sari, Iran
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Islamic Azad Univ, Dept Lab Sci, Sari, Iran
Islamic Azad Univ, Dept Basic Sci, Sari, Iran
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Harvard Univ, Div Gen Internal Med & Primary Care, Boston, MA 02115 USA
Univ Edinburgh, Usher Inst Populat Hlth Sci & Informat, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland
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Natl Inst Infect Dis, Tokyo, Japan
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Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
Univ Washington, Dept Hlth Metr Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
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Univ Washington, Dept Med, Seattle, WA USA
Univ Calgary, Dept Med, Calgary, AB, Canada
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Univ Hosp Princesa, Serv Pulmonol, Hlth Res Inst, Madrid, Spain
Autonomous Univ Madrid, Pneumol Serv, Madrid, Spain
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Int Med Univ, Div Community Med, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Ahmadu Bello Univ, Dept Community Med, Zaria, Nigeria
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King Saud Univ, Dept Pediat, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
Alfaisal Univ, Coll Med, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Univ Gondar, Dept Med Microbiol, Gondar, Ethiopia
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Aksum Univ, Dept Med Lab Sci, Aksum, Ethiopia
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Univ Hosp Doctor Peset, Pediat Dept, Valencia, Spain
Univ Valencia, Dept Pediat Obstet & Gynecol, Valencia, Spain
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Hanoi Med Univ, Dept Hlth Econ, Hanoi, Vietnam
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Univ Auckland, Mol Med & Pathol, Auckland, New Zealand
Mil Med Univ, Clin Hematol & Toxicol, Hanoi, Vietnam
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Mekelle Univ, Sch Pharm, Mekelle, Ethiopia
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Fed Teaching Hosp, Dept Internal Med, Abakaliki, Nigeria
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Gomal Univ, Gomal Ctr Biochem & Biotechnol, Dera Ismail Khan, Pakistan
Mufti Mehmood Mem Teaching Hosp, TB Culture Lab, Dera Ismail Khan, Pakistan
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UKK Inst, Tampere, Finland
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Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
Univ Washington, Dept Hlth Metr Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
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Nguyen Tat Thanh Univ, Ctr Excellence Behav Med, Ho Chi Minh, Vietnam
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Univ Addis Ababa, Dept Microbial Cellular & Mol Biol, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Wolaita Sodo Univ, Dept Med, Wolaita Sodo, Ethiopia
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Fdn Univ, Fdn Univ Med Coll, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
West, TE:
Univ Washington, Dept Med, Seattle, WA USA
Wiysonge, CS:
Med Res Council South Africa, Cochrane South Africa, Cape Town, South Africa
Stellenbosch Univ, Dept Global Hlth, Cape Town, South Africa
Yimer, EM:
Mekelle Univ, Sch Pharm, Mekelle, Ethiopia
Yonemoto, N:
Natl Ctr Neurol & Psychiat, Dept Psychopharmacol, Tokyo, Japan
Zaidi, Z:
Univ Hosp Setif, Dept Epidemiol, Setif, Algeria
Vos, T:
Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
Univ Washington, Dept Hlth Metr Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
Lim, SS:
Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
Univ Washington, Dept Hlth Metr Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
Murray, CJL:
Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
Univ Washington, Dept Hlth Metr Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
Mokdad, AH:
Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
Univ Washington, Dept Hlth Metr Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
Hay, SI:
Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
Univ Washington, Dept Hlth Metr Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
Reiner, RC:
Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
Univ Washington, Dept Hlth Metr Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
Jagadguru Sri Shivarathreeswara Univ, Dept TB & Resp Med, Mysore, Karnataka, India
Green Published, Green Accepted, hybrid
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