Strategic advances in Vat Photopolymerization for 3D printing of calcium phosphate-based bone scaffolds: A review.


Por: Fagotto-Clavijo R, Lodoso-Torrecilla I, Díez Escudero A and Ginebra MP

Publicada: 1 oct 2025 Ahead of Print: 27 jun 2025
Resumen:
3D-printing has emerged as a leading technology for fabricating personalized scaffolds for bone regeneration. Among the 3D-printing technologies, vat photopolymerization (VP) stands out for its high precision and versatility. It enables the creation of complex, patient-specific scaffolds with advanced pore architectures that enhance mechanical stability and promote cell growth, key factors for effective bone regeneration. This review provides an overview of the advances made in vat photopolymerization printing of calcium phosphates, covering both the fabrication of full ceramic bodies and polymer-calcium phosphate composites. The review examines key aspects of the fabrication process, including slurry composition, architectural design, and printing accuracy, highlighting their impact on the mechanical and biological performance of 3D-printed scaffolds. The need to tailor porosity, pore size, and geometric design to achieve both mechanical integrity and biological functionality is emphasized by a review of data published in the recent literature. This review demonstrates that advanced geometries like Triply Periodic Minimal Surfaces and nature-inspired designs, achievable with exceptional precision by this technology, enhance mechanical and osteogenic performance. In summary, VP's versatility, driven by the diversity of material options, consolidation methods, and precision opens new horizons for scaffold-based bone regeneration.

Filiaciones:
Fagotto-Clavijo R:
 Biomaterials, Biomechanics and Tissue Engineering (BBT), Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC) and Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (IRIS), Av. Eduard Maristany, 16, Barcelona, 08019, Spain

 Barcelona Research Centre in Multiscale Science and Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC), Av. Eduard Maristany, 16, Barcelona, 08019, Spain

 CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain

Lodoso-Torrecilla I:
 Biomaterials, Biomechanics and Tissue Engineering (BBT), Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC) and Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (IRIS), Av. Eduard Maristany, 16, Barcelona, 08019, Spain

 Barcelona Research Centre in Multiscale Science and Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC), Av. Eduard Maristany, 16, Barcelona, 08019, Spain

Díez Escudero A:
 Biomaterials, Biomechanics and Tissue Engineering (BBT), Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC) and Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (IRIS), Av. Eduard Maristany, 16, Barcelona, 08019, Spain

 Barcelona Research Centre in Multiscale Science and Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC), Av. Eduard Maristany, 16, Barcelona, 08019, Spain

 CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain

Ginebra MP:
 Biomaterials, Biomechanics and Tissue Engineering (BBT), Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC) and Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (IRIS), Av. Eduard Maristany, 16, Barcelona, 08019, Spain

 Barcelona Research Centre in Multiscale Science and Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC), Av. Eduard Maristany, 16, Barcelona, 08019, Spain

 CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain

 Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Baldiri Reixac 10-12, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
ISSN: 2452199X





Bioactive Materials
Editorial
KEAI PUBLISHING LTD, 16 DONGHUANGCHENGGEN NORTH ST, Building 5, Room 411, BEIJING, DONGCHENG DISTRICT 100009, PEOPLES R CHINA, Países Bajos
Tipo de documento: Article
Volumen: 52 Número:
Páginas: 719-752
WOS Id: 001533958700001
ID de PubMed: 40677755
imagen Open Access

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