Polygenic risk score of glycemic homeostasis, Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and glycemic components in first episode psychosis


Por: Segura AG, Verdolini N, Valli I, Garcia-Rizo C, Diaz-Caneja CM, Vieta E, Mezquida G, Lobo A, Gonzalez-Pinto A, Andreu-Bernabeu Á, Roldan A, Martinez-Aran A, Baeza I, Mane A, Labad J, Müller DJ, Guasch-Capella N, Bernardo M, Mas S, Bioque M, Gonzalez J, Andrés P, Cavone V, Corripio I, Duque A, Mar-Barrutia L, Marin J, De-la-Camara C, Vaquero-Puyuelo D, Rivero O, Fabra MJE, Trabsa A, Legido T, Forte MF, Serra-Navarro M, de la Serna H, Castro-Fornielles J, Contreras F, García-Portilla MP, González-Blanco L, Echevarría RS, Rabadán AZ, Rodriguez-Jimenez R, Martínez-Gras I, Usall J, Barajas A, Sarro S, Pomarol-Clotet E, Ibañez A and Cuesta MJ

Publicada: 1 nov 2025 Ahead of Print: 1 oct 2025
Resumen:
Objective: First episode of psychosis (FEP) is associated with glucose homeostasis abnormalities even before pharmacological intervention. Given inconclusive GWAS results regarding a direct genetic link between schizophrenia and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), we hypothesized that FEP patients may exhibit altered genetic risk for glycemic traits. We compared polygenic risk scores (PRS) for T2DM (PRST2DM), fasting glucose (PRSFG), and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) (PRSHbA1c) between FEP patients and controls, examining their associations with glycemic measures over 24 months. Methods: We analyzed data from 242 FEP patients and 119 controls, assessing fasting serum glucose and HbA1c at baseline and 24 months. We examined cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between PRS and glycemic measures within each group. Results: FEP patients and controls did not differ significantly in PRS. Significant associations were observed for PRSFG with baseline serum glucose in controls (p = 0.008), PRSFG during follow-up (p = 0.034), PRSHbA1c at 24 months (p = 0.018), and HbA1c longitudinally (p = 0.025). After multiple testing corrections, only the association between PRSFG and baseline serum glucose in controls remained significant (p_adj = 0.023). No associations were found for PRST2DM. Conclusions: Despite the link between FEP and glycemic disturbances, PRST2DM did not differ between FEP patients and controls. However, PRS for glycemic traits showed associations with glycemic measures in both groups before multiple testing correction, suggesting that genetic predisposition may influence glucose homeostasis in early psychosis. The absence of a direct association between common genetic variants underlying T2DM and early glycemic dysregulation in FEP underscores the importance of considering environmental factors and epigenetic mechanisms.

Filiaciones:
Segura AG:
 Bipolar and Depressive Disorders Unit, Neuroscience Institute, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain

Verdolini N:
 Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain

 Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Spain

 Department of Mental Health, Umbria, 1 Mental Health Center, Perugia, Italy

Valli I:
 Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, United Kingdom

Garcia-Rizo C:
 Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain

 Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Spain

 Barcelona Clínic Schizophrenia Unit (BCSU), Neuroscience Institute, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain

 University of Barcelona, Medicine Department, Barcelona, Spain

Diaz-Caneja CM:
 Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain

 Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, IiSGM, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain

Vieta E:
 Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain

 Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Spain

 University of Barcelona, Medicine Department, Barcelona, Spain

 Department of Clinical Foundations, Pharmacology Unit, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain

Mezquida G:
 Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain

 Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Spain

 Barcelona Clínic Schizophrenia Unit (BCSU), Neuroscience Institute, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain

 Department of Clinical Foundations, Pharmacology Unit, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain

Lobo A:
 Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Spain

 Department of Medicine and Psychiatry, Universidad de Zaragoza, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain

Gonzalez-Pinto A:
 Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Spain

 Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitario de Alava, UPV/EHU, BIOARABA, Vitoria, Spain

Andreu-Bernabeu Á:
 Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain

 Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, IiSGM, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain

Roldan A:
 Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Spain

 Department of Psychiatry, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain

Martinez-Aran A:
 Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain

 Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Spain

 University of Barcelona, Medicine Department, Barcelona, Spain

 Department of Clinical Foundations, Pharmacology Unit, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain

Baeza I:
 Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain

 Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Spain

 University of Barcelona, Medicine Department, Barcelona, Spain

 Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology, Institute of Neuroscience, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain

Mane A:
 Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Spain

 Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona, Spain

Labad J:
 Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Spain

 Hospital de Mataró, Consorci Sanitari del Maresme, Fundació Parc Taulí, Mataró, Catalonia, Spain

 Institut d'Innovació i Investigació Parc Taulí (I3PT), Translational Neuroscience Research Unit I3PT-Inc-UAB, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Spain

Müller DJ:
 Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada

 Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada

Guasch-Capella N:
 Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain

 Barcelona Clínic Schizophrenia Unit (BCSU), Neuroscience Institute, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain

 University of Barcelona, Medicine Department, Barcelona, Spain

Bernardo M:
 Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain

 Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Spain

 Barcelona Clínic Schizophrenia Unit (BCSU), Neuroscience Institute, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain

 University of Barcelona, Medicine Department, Barcelona, Spain

Mas S:
 Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain

 Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Spain

 Department of Clinical Foundations, Pharmacology Unit, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain

Bioque M:
 Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain

 Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Spain

 Barcelona Clínic Schizophrenia Unit (BCSU), Neuroscience Institute, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain

 University of Barcelona, Medicine Department, Barcelona, Spain

Gonzalez J:
 UR Center for Mental Health-CERSAME, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Bogota, Colombia

 Clinica Nuestra Señora de la Paz, Bogota, Colombia

Andrés P:
 Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain

 Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, IiSGM, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain

Cavone V:
 Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain

 Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, IiSGM, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain

Corripio I:
 Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Spain

 Department of Psychiatry, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain

Duque A:
 Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Spain

 Department of Psychiatry, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain

Mar-Barrutia L:
 Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Spain

 Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitario de Alava, UPV/EHU, BIOARABA, Vitoria, Spain

Marin J:
 Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Spain

 Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitario de Alava, UPV/EHU, BIOARABA, Vitoria, Spain

De-la-Camara C:
 Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Spain

 Department of Medicine and Psychiatry, Universidad de Zaragoza, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain

Vaquero-Puyuelo D:
 Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Spain

 Department of Medicine and Psychiatry, Universidad de Zaragoza, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain

Rivero O:
 Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Spain

 Department of Genetics, University of Valencia, Campus of Burjassot, Valencia, Spain

 Biomedical Research Institute INCLIVA, Fundación Investigación Hospital Clínico de Valencia, Valencia, Spain

Fabra MJE:
 Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Spain

 Biomedical Research Institute INCLIVA, Fundación Investigación Hospital Clínico de Valencia, Valencia, Spain

 Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, Spain

Trabsa A:
 Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Spain

 Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona, Spain

Legido T:
 Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Spain

 Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona, Spain

Forte MF:
 Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain

 Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Spain

 Department of Clinical Foundations, Pharmacology Unit, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain

Serra-Navarro M:
 Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain

 Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Spain

 Department of Clinical Foundations, Pharmacology Unit, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain

de la Serna H:
 Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain

 Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Spain

 Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology, Institute of Neuroscience, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain

Castro-Fornielles J:
 Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain

 Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Spain

 University of Barcelona, Medicine Department, Barcelona, Spain

 Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology, Institute of Neuroscience, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain

Contreras F:
 Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Spain

 Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute IDIBELL, Department of Psychiatry- Bellvitge University, Spain

García-Portilla MP:
 Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Spain

 Department of Psychiatry, Universidad de Oviedo, Servicio de Salud del Principado de Asturias (SESPA) Oviedo, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Instituto Universitario de Neurociencias del Principado de Asturias (INEUROPA), Oviedo, Spain

González-Blanco L:
 Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Spain

 Department of Psychiatry, Universidad de Oviedo, Servicio de Salud del Principado de Asturias (SESPA) Oviedo, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Instituto Universitario de Neurociencias del Principado de Asturias (INEUROPA), Oviedo, Spain

Echevarría RS:
 Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Spain

 Cruces University Hospital, BioCruces Health Research Institute, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU) Vizcaya, Spain

Rabadán AZ:
 Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Spain

 BioCruces Health Research Institute, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Department of Neurosciences, Vizcaya, Spain

Rodriguez-Jimenez R:
 Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Spain

 Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain

Martínez-Gras I:
 Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Spain

 Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), Madrid, RETIC (Network of Addictive Conditions), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain

Usall J:
 Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Spain

Barajas A:
 Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Spain

 Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain

 Hospital Materno Infantil Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain

Sarro S:
 Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Spain

 FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries Research Foundation, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain

Pomarol-Clotet E:
 Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Spain

 FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries Research Foundation, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain

Ibañez A:
 Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Spain

 Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Universidad de Alcalá, Madrid, Spain

Cuesta MJ:
 Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitario de Navarra, Pamplona, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNa), Pamplona, Spain
ISSN: 09209964





Schizophrenia Research
Editorial
ELSEVIER, RADARWEG 29, 1043 NX AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS, Países Bajos
Tipo de documento: Article
Volumen: 285 Número:
Páginas: 265-275
WOS Id: 001595580300001
ID de PubMed: 41075679
imagen Green Submitted

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