Influence of alumina shot blasting induced roughness on bacterial adhesion to titanium.
Por:
Romero-Serrano M, Romero-Ruiz MM, Ríos-Santos JV, Ríos-Carrasco B and Gil-Mur FX
Publicada:
11 oct 2025
Ahead of Print:
11 oct 2025
Resumen:
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the influence of different surface roughness levels of titanium disks, induced by alumina blasting, on bacterial adhesion. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twelve different surface roughnesses, ranging from 0.01 µm to 6 µm, were produced using a shot blasting technique with varying alumina particle sizes. Surface roughness was measured using confocal interferometry, wettability was assessed by contact angle measurements, and compressive residual stress was evaluated by X-ray diffraction. For each roughness level, 720 samples were used to culture Porphyromonas gingivalis (Gram-negative, anaerobic) and Streptococcus sanguinis (Gram-positive, anaerobic). The colonies formed per unit area, the ratio of dead bacteria to total bacteria, and the metabolic activity for each roughness ere determined. RESULTS: The polished surface (Sa = 0.01 µm) showed the highest bacterial adhesion for both strains compared to the 0.13 µm roughness, which exhibited a antibacterial activity, likely due to nanostructured peaks causing bacterial membrane disruption. For surface roughness values between 0.5 and 3 µm, Gram-positive bacterial colonies increased approximately threefold. When the roughness exceeded 3.8 µm, colony formation rose fivefold. In contrast, Gram-negative bacteria did not exhibit statistically significant changes in adhesion between 0.5 and 2 µm. However, beginning at 2.6 µm, a marked increase was observed, with colony numbers reaching nearly four times the control at 6 µm. The ratio of dead bacteria and metabolic activity confirms bacterial colonization studies (CFU/mm(2)). CONCLUSIONS: Surface roughness significantly influenced bacterial colonization on titanium implants. An antibacterial effect was observed at a roughness of 0.13 µm. Bacterial adhesion increased moderately up to 2.1 µm for Gram-negative and 3 µm for Gram-positive strains, followed by a sharp rise at higher roughness values. An optimal surface roughness range of 1 to 2 µm appears to promote favorable osteoblastic response while minimizing bacterial adhesion. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: These results enhance our understanding of how implant surface roughness influences bacterial adhesion. This knowledge could contribute to the development of clinical approaches designed to lower the risk of peri-implantitis.
Filiaciones:
Romero-Serrano M:
Periodontics Department, Faculty of Dentistry. University of Seville, c/Avicena s/n, Seville, 41009, Spain
Romero-Ruiz MM:
Periodontics Department, Faculty of Dentistry. University of Seville, c/Avicena s/n, Seville, 41009, Spain
Ríos-Santos JV:
Periodontics Department, Faculty of Dentistry. University of Seville, c/Avicena s/n, Seville, 41009, Spain
Ríos-Carrasco B:
Periodontics Department, Faculty of Dentistry. University of Seville, c/Avicena s/n, Seville, 41009, Spain
Gil-Mur FX:
Bioinspired Oral Biomaterials and Interfaces. Materials Science and Engineering Department. EEBE, Technical University of Catalonia, Eduard Maristany Av. 16, Barcelona, 08019, Spain
Open Access
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