Exploring the relationship between maternal carbohydrate quality and quantity during pregnancy and early childhood neurodevelopment: a prospective cohort study within the BiSC cohort.
Por:
Panisello L, Mateu-Fabregat J, Novau-Ferré N, Ayala-Aldana N, Bernardo-Castro S, Ferrer M, Jiménez-Arenas P, Llurba E, Lassale C, Gómez-Roig MD, Vioque J, González-Palacios S, Contreras-Rodríguez O, Foraster M, Gascon M, Sunyer J, Awad C, Júlvez J and Bulló M
Publicada:
1 dic 2025
Ahead of Print:
1 dic 2025
Resumen:
PURPOSE: Maternal nutrition during pregnancy is key for offspring neurodevelopment. Given the role of glucose in brain function, assessing carbohydrate quantity and quality, including glycemic index (GI), glycemic load (GL) and carbohydrate quality index (CQI), may provide insights into early brain development. This study examined the associations between maternal dietary carbohydrate intake and neurodevelopmental outcomes in early childhood. METHODS: The prospective cohort study included 1080 mother-child pairs from the Barcelona Life Study Cohort. Maternal dietary carbohydrate intake, GI, GL and CQI were assessed during mid-pregnancy using a food frequency questionnaire. Child neurodevelopment was evaluated at 8 and 28 months using the Developmental Profile 3 (DP-3) and at 18 months using the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development (BSID-III). Associations were analyzed using multivariable linear regression models adjusted for relevant maternal and child covariates. RESULTS: Increased maternal carbohydrate intake, GI, and GL were inversely associated with language development (ß (95% CI): - 2.67 (- 5.13, - 0.21), - 2.73 (- 5.21, - 0.26), - 3.51 (- 5.96, - 1.07) respectively) and receptive language (ß (95% CI): - 0.58 (- 1.07, - 0.08), - 0.54 (- 1.04, - 0.04), - 0.70 (- 1.20, - 0.21) respectively) at 18 months, as measured by the BSID-III, although these associations were attenuated after adjustment for maternal and child covariates. Increased GI and lower CQI were associated with lower gross motor scores (ß (95% CI): - 0.49 (- 0.84, - 0.15), 0.39 (0.06, 0.71) respectively) at 18 months (BSID-III), as well as reduced motor development (ß (95% CI): - 3.2 (- 5.50, - 0.76), 2.22 (- 0.1, 4.54) respectively) at 8 and 28 months (DP-3). CONCLUSIONS: Maternal carbohydrate quality during pregnancy may influence early neurodevelopment, particularly motor outcomes. Emphasizing low-GI, low-GL and high-CQI carbohydrate sources during pregnancy could support favorable developmental trajectories in offspring.
Filiaciones:
Panisello L:
Nutrition and Metabolic Health Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Rovira i Virgili University (URV), 43204, Reus, Spain
Institute of Health Pere Virgili (IISPV), 43204, Reus, Spain
Center of Environmental, Food and Toxicological Technology-TecnATox, Rovira i Virgili University, 43204, Reus, Spain
Mateu-Fabregat J:
Nutrition and Metabolic Health Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Rovira i Virgili University (URV), 43204, Reus, Spain
Institute of Health Pere Virgili (IISPV), 43204, Reus, Spain
Center of Environmental, Food and Toxicological Technology-TecnATox, Rovira i Virgili University, 43204, Reus, Spain
Novau-Ferré N:
Nutrition and Metabolic Health Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Rovira i Virgili University (URV), 43204, Reus, Spain
Institute of Health Pere Virgili (IISPV), 43204, Reus, Spain
Center of Environmental, Food and Toxicological Technology-TecnATox, Rovira i Virgili University, 43204, Reus, Spain
Ayala-Aldana N:
Clinical and Epidemiological Neuroscience (NeuroÈ?pia), IISPV, Reus, Spain
ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain
University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
Bernardo-Castro S:
Clinical and Epidemiological Neuroscience (NeuroÈ?pia), IISPV, Reus, Spain
ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain
Ferrer M:
ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain
Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
Jiménez-Arenas P:
ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain
Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
Llurba E:
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau-IIB Sant Pau, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
Lassale C:
ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain
Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
CIBER Physiology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
Gómez-Roig MD:
BCNatal. Barcelona Center for Maternal Fetal and Neonatal Medicine (Hospital Sant Joan de Déu and Hospital Clínic), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
Primary Care Interventions to Prevent Maternal and Child Chronic Diseases of Perinatal and Developmental Origin Network (RICORS), RD21/0012/0003, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
Vioque J:
CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
Universidad Miguel Hernández (UMH), Alicante, Spain
Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de Alicante (Isabial), Alicante, Spain
González-Palacios S:
CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
Universidad Miguel Hernández (UMH), Alicante, Spain
Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de Alicante (Isabial), Alicante, Spain
Contreras-Rodríguez O:
Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
CIBER Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
Foraster M:
PHAGEX Research Group, Blanquerna School of Health Science, Universitat Ramon Llull (URL), Barcelona, Spain
Gascon M:
ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain
Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
Unitat de Suport a la Recerca de la Catalunya Central, Fundació Institut Universitari per a la Recerca a l'Atenció Primària de Salut Jordi Gol i Gurina (IDIAPJGol), Manresa, Spain
Sunyer J:
ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain
Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
Awad C:
ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain
Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
Júlvez J:
Institute of Health Pere Virgili (IISPV), 43204, Reus, Spain
Clinical and Epidemiological Neuroscience (NeuroÈ?pia), IISPV, Reus, Spain
ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain
Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
Bulló M:
Nutrition and Metabolic Health Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Rovira i Virgili University (URV), 43204, Reus, Spain
Institute of Health Pere Virgili (IISPV), 43204, Reus, Spain
Center of Environmental, Food and Toxicological Technology-TecnATox, Rovira i Virgili University, 43204, Reus, Spain
CIBER Physiology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
Green Published, hybrid
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