Catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia mediated by ryanodine receptor 2: a validated risk stratification.
Por:
Lieve KV, van der Werf C, Kallas D, Denjoy I, Bos JM, Aiba T, Behr ER, van den Berg MP, Bergeman AT, Blom NA, Borggrefe M, Brugada R, Carrillo Mora LM, Chorin E, Crotti L, Davis A, Drago F, Dusi V, Extramiana F, Franciosi S, Giudicessi JR, González Llopis FÁ, Haugaa KH, van den Heuvel F, Horie M, Ingles J, Kammeraad J, Kannankeril PJ, Khan HR, Krahn AD, MacIntyre C, Maltret A, Marjamaa A, Ohno S, Peltenburg PJ, Perez GJ, Probst V, Roberts JD, Robyns T, Rootwelt-Norberg C, Roses I Noguer F, Roston TM, Rydberg A, Sacher F, Sarquella-Brugada G, Schwartz PJ, Semsarian C, Shimizu W, Starling L, Sumitomo N, Skinner JR, Tavacova T, Tfelt-Hansen J, Till JA, Yap SC, Wada Y, Wangüemert F, Zorio E, Ackerman MJ, Leenhardt A, Sanatani S, Tanck MW and Wilde AA
Ahead of Print:
19 dic 2025
Resumen:
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Patients with catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (CPVT) are at risk for potentially life-threatening arrhythmic events (AEs) even while treated with ß-blockers. The aim was to develop a model for individualized prediction of AEs in patients with RYR2-mediated CPVT on ß-blocker monotherapy. METHODS: The derivation and independent validation cohorts included 743 and 129 patients, respectively. AEs were defined as arrhythmic syncope, appropriate implantable cardioverter-defibrillator shock, sudden cardiac arrest (SCA), and sudden cardiac death. Near-fatal or fatal AEs (nf/fAEs) included all AEs except for arrhythmic syncope. Prediction models using Cox regression were developed and internally and externally validated. RESULTS: A total of 102 (13.7%) patients in the derivation cohort and 24 (18.6%) patients in the validation cohort experienced =1 AE over a median follow-up of 5.1 [interquartile range (IQR), 7.7] and 2.4 (IQR, 4.4) years, respectively. Predictors of AE were arrhythmic syncope or SCA prior to diagnosis and age at ß-blocker initiation. In the derivation and validation cohorts, the optimism-corrected C-indices of the models for AE were 0.67 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.62-0.72] and 0.59 (95% CI 0.48-0.71), respectively. For nf/fAEs, ventricular arrhythmia severity before ß-blocker initiation was a fourth independent predictor, and C-indices of the models in the derivation and validation cohorts were 0.74 (95% CI 0.68-0.80) and 0.60 (95% CI 0.47-0.72), respectively. In the derivation cohort, calibration slopes were 1.00 (95% CI 0.59-1.41) for AE and 1.00 (95% CI 0.69-1.32) for nf/fAE. CONCLUSIONS: These externally validated risk prediction models using clinical parameters accurately distinguished CPVT patients on ß-blocker monotherapy at low and high risk for future AEs while treated with ß-blockers. These models provide guidance for implementation of clinical management therapies to prevent AEs in patients with CPVT.
Filiaciones:
Lieve KV:
Heart Center, Department of Clinical and Experimental Cardiology, Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Heart Failure and Arrhythmias, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, The Netherlands
Member of the European Reference Network for Rare, Low Prevalence and Complex Diseases of the Heart: ERN GUARD-Heart (ERN GUARD-Heart
http://guardheart.ern-net.eu)
van der Werf C:
Heart Center, Department of Clinical and Experimental Cardiology, Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Heart Failure and Arrhythmias, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, The Netherlands
Member of the European Reference Network for Rare, Low Prevalence and Complex Diseases of the Heart: ERN GUARD-Heart (ERN GUARD-Heart
http://guardheart.ern-net.eu)
Kallas D:
BC Children's Hospital, Division of Cardiology, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
Denjoy I:
Member of the European Reference Network for Rare, Low Prevalence and Complex Diseases of the Heart: ERN GUARD-Heart (ERN GUARD-Heart
http://guardheart.ern-net.eu)
Service de Cardiologie et CRMR Maladies Cardiaques Héréditaires Rares, Hôpital Bichat, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
Bos JM:
Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
Department of Molecular Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
Division of Heart Rhythm Services, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
Windland Smith Rice Genetic Heart Rhythm Clinic and Windland Smith Rice Sudden Death Genomics Laboratory, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
Aiba T:
Division of Arrhythmia, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan
Behr ER:
Cardiovascular Clinical Academic Group and Cardiology Research Section, St George's, University of London, St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cranmer Terrace, London SW17 0RE, UK
van den Berg MP:
Department of Cardiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
Bergeman AT:
Heart Center, Department of Clinical and Experimental Cardiology, Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Heart Failure and Arrhythmias, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, The Netherlands
Member of the European Reference Network for Rare, Low Prevalence and Complex Diseases of the Heart: ERN GUARD-Heart (ERN GUARD-Heart
http://guardheart.ern-net.eu)
Blom NA:
Member of the European Reference Network for Rare, Low Prevalence and Complex Diseases of the Heart: ERN GUARD-Heart (ERN GUARD-Heart
http://guardheart.ern-net.eu)
Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Willem-Alexander Children's Hospital, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
Borggrefe M:
I. Medizinische Klinik, University Medical Center Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
Brugada R:
Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain
Cardiovascular Genetics Center, Institut D'Investigació Biomèdica Girona (IDIBGI), University of Girona, Salt, Spain
Medical Science Department, School of Medicine, University of Girona, Girona, Spain
Cardiology Service, Hospital Josep Trueta, Girona, Spain
Carrillo Mora LM:
Member of the European Reference Network for Rare, Low Prevalence and Complex Diseases of the Heart: ERN GUARD-Heart (ERN GUARD-Heart
http://guardheart.ern-net.eu)
Departamento de Medicina Interna, Universidad de Murcia, Ctra. Finca Buenavista s/n, Campus Ciencias de la Salud, El Palmar, Murcia, Spain
Chorin E:
Department of Cardiology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center and Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
Crotti L:
Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Center for Cardiac Arrhythmias of Genetic Origin, Milan, Italy
Department of Medicine and Surgery, University Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
Davis A:
Department of Cardiology, The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
Department of Paediatrics, Melbourne University, Melbourne, Australia
Drago F:
Member of the European Reference Network for Rare, Low Prevalence and Complex Diseases of the Heart: ERN GUARD-Heart (ERN GUARD-Heart
http://guardheart.ern-net.eu)
Pediatric Cardiology and Cardiac Arrhythmias Unit, Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Cardiac Surgery, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Palidoro-Rome, Italy
Dusi V:
Cardiology, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
Division of Cardiology, Cardiovascular and Thoracic Department, 'Città della Salute e della Scienza' Hospital, Turin, Italy
Extramiana F:
Member of the European Reference Network for Rare, Low Prevalence and Complex Diseases of the Heart: ERN GUARD-Heart (ERN GUARD-Heart
http://guardheart.ern-net.eu)
Service de Cardiologie et CRMR Maladies Cardiaques Héréditaires Rares, Hôpital Bichat, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
Franciosi S:
BC Children's Hospital, Division of Cardiology, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
Giudicessi JR:
Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
Department of Molecular Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
Division of Heart Rhythm Services, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
Windland Smith Rice Genetic Heart Rhythm Clinic and Windland Smith Rice Sudden Death Genomics Laboratory, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
González Llopis FÁ:
Cardiology Department, General University Hospital of Elda, Alicante, Spain
Haugaa KH:
ProCardio Center for Innovation, Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
van den Heuvel F:
Department of Pediatric Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
Horie M:
Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
Ingles J:
Genomics and Inherited Disease Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, and University of New South Wales, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
Department of Cardiology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
Kammeraad J:
Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Erasmus MC-Sophia, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
Kannankeril PJ:
Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
Khan HR:
London Heart Rhythm Program, Division of Cardiology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
Krahn AD:
Centre for Cardiovascular Innovation, Division of Cardiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
MacIntyre C:
Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
Department of Molecular Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
Division of Heart Rhythm Services, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
Windland Smith Rice Genetic Heart Rhythm Clinic and Windland Smith Rice Sudden Death Genomics Laboratory, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
Maltret A:
Member of the European Reference Network for Rare, Low Prevalence and Complex Diseases of the Heart: ERN GUARD-Heart (ERN GUARD-Heart
http://guardheart.ern-net.eu)
Service de Cardiologie et CRMR Maladies Cardiaques Héréditaires Rares, Hôpital Bichat, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
Marjamaa A:
Member of the European Reference Network for Rare, Low Prevalence and Complex Diseases of the Heart: ERN GUARD-Heart (ERN GUARD-Heart
http://guardheart.ern-net.eu)
Heart and Lung Centre, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
Helsinki University, Helsinki, Finland
Ohno S:
Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
Medical Genome Center, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Centre, Suita, Japan
Peltenburg PJ:
Heart Center, Department of Clinical and Experimental Cardiology, Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Heart Failure and Arrhythmias, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, The Netherlands
Member of the European Reference Network for Rare, Low Prevalence and Complex Diseases of the Heart: ERN GUARD-Heart (ERN GUARD-Heart
http://guardheart.ern-net.eu)
Perez GJ:
Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain
Cardiovascular Genetics Center, Institut D'Investigació Biomèdica Girona (IDIBGI), University of Girona, Salt, Spain
Probst V:
Member of the European Reference Network for Rare, Low Prevalence and Complex Diseases of the Heart: ERN GUARD-Heart (ERN GUARD-Heart
http://guardheart.ern-net.eu)
Université de Nantes, CHU Nantes, CNRS, INSERM, l'institut du thorax, Nantes, France
Roberts JD:
London Heart Rhythm Program, Division of Cardiology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton Health Sciences, and McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
Robyns T:
Member of the European Reference Network for Rare, Low Prevalence and Complex Diseases of the Heart: ERN GUARD-Heart (ERN GUARD-Heart
http://guardheart.ern-net.eu)
Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
Rootwelt-Norberg C:
ProCardio Center for Innovation, Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
Roses I Noguer F:
Department of Cardiology, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, UK
Roston TM:
Centre for Cardiovascular Innovation, Division of Cardiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
Rydberg A:
Member of the European Reference Network for Rare, Low Prevalence and Complex Diseases of the Heart: ERN GUARD-Heart (ERN GUARD-Heart
http://guardheart.ern-net.eu)
Department of Clinical Sciences, Pediatrics, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
Sacher F:
Member of the European Reference Network for Rare, Low Prevalence and Complex Diseases of the Heart: ERN GUARD-Heart (ERN GUARD-Heart
http://guardheart.ern-net.eu)
Cardiac Arrhythmia Department, IHU Liryc, Univ. Bordeaux, INSERM 1045, CHU de Bordeaux, F-Bordeaux, France
Sarquella-Brugada G:
Member of the European Reference Network for Rare, Low Prevalence and Complex Diseases of the Heart: ERN GUARD-Heart (ERN GUARD-Heart
http://guardheart.ern-net.eu)
Pediatric Arrhythmias, Inherited Cardiac Diseases and Sudden Death Unit, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain
Medical Science Department, School of Medicine, Universitat de Girona, Girona, Spain
Schwartz PJ:
Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Center for Cardiac Arrhythmias of Genetic Origin, Milan, Italy
Semsarian C:
Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
Department of Cardiology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
Agnes Ginges Centre for Molecular Cardiology at Centenary Institute, The University of Sydney, Newtown, New South Wales, Australia
Shimizu W:
Division of Arrhythmia, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan
Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
Starling L:
Centre for Paediatric Inherited and Rare Cardiovascular Disease, Zayed Centre for Research, University College London, 20 Guilford Street, London, UK
Centre for Inherited Cardiovascular Diseases, Great Ormond Street Hospital, Great Ormond Street, London, UK
Sumitomo N:
Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center, Saitama, Japan
Skinner JR:
Cardiac Inherited Disease Group New Zealand, Green Lane Paediatric and Congenital Cardiac Services, Starship Children's Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand
Department of Paediatrics Child and Youth Health, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
Tavacova T:
Member of the European Reference Network for Rare, Low Prevalence and Complex Diseases of the Heart: ERN GUARD-Heart (ERN GUARD-Heart
http://guardheart.ern-net.eu)
Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Children's Heart Centre, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
Children's Heart Centre, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
Tfelt-Hansen J:
Member of the European Reference Network for Rare, Low Prevalence and Complex Diseases of the Heart: ERN GUARD-Heart (ERN GUARD-Heart
http://guardheart.ern-net.eu)
Department of Cardiology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
Till JA:
Department of Cardiology, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, UK
Yap SC:
Department of Cardiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
Wada Y:
Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
Wangüemert F:
Cardiavant, Centro Médico Cardiológico, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
Zorio E:
Department of Cardiology, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia, Spain
CAFAMUSME Research Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, Valencia, Spain
Departamento de Medicina, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
CIBER Cardiovascular, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
Ackerman MJ:
Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
Department of Molecular Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
Division of Heart Rhythm Services, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
Windland Smith Rice Genetic Heart Rhythm Clinic and Windland Smith Rice Sudden Death Genomics Laboratory, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
Leenhardt A:
Member of the European Reference Network for Rare, Low Prevalence and Complex Diseases of the Heart: ERN GUARD-Heart (ERN GUARD-Heart
http://guardheart.ern-net.eu)
Service de Cardiologie et CRMR Maladies Cardiaques Héréditaires Rares, Hôpital Bichat, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
Sanatani S:
BC Children's Hospital, Division of Cardiology, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
Tanck MW:
Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Wilde AA:
Heart Center, Department of Clinical and Experimental Cardiology, Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Heart Failure and Arrhythmias, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, The Netherlands
Member of the European Reference Network for Rare, Low Prevalence and Complex Diseases of the Heart: ERN GUARD-Heart (ERN GUARD-Heart
http://guardheart.ern-net.eu)
Amsterdam UMC locat Univ Amsterdam, Heart Ctr, Dept Clin & Expt Cardiol,
Meibergdreef 9, NL-1105 AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands
Amsterdam Cardiovasc Sci, Heart Failure & Arrhythmias, Meibergdreef 9,
NL-1105 AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands
European Reference Network Rare Low Prevalence & C, Amsterdam,
Netherlands
BC Childrens Hosp, Div Cardiol, Vancouver, BC, Canada
Univ British Columbia, Dept Pediat, Vancouver, BC, Canada
Univ Paris Cite, Hop Bichat, Serv Cardiol & CRMR Malad Cardiaques
Hereditaires, Paris, France
Mayo Clin, Dept Cardiovasc Med, Rochester, MN USA
Mayo Clin, Dept Pediat & Adolescent Med, Rochester, MN USA
Mayo Clin, Dept Mol Pharmacol & Expt Therapeut, Rochester, MN USA
Mayo Clin, Div Heart Rhythm Serv, Rochester, MN USA
Mayo Clin, Div Pediat Cardiol, Rochester, MN USA
Mayo Clin, Windland Smith Rice Genet Heart Rhythm Clin, Rochester, MN
USA
Mayo Clin, Windland Smith Rice Sudden Death Genom Lab, Rochester, MN USA
Natl Cerebral & Cardiovasc Ctr, Div Arrhythmia, Dept Cardiovasc Med,
Suita, Japan
St Georges Univ London, St Georges Univ Hosp NHS Fdn Trust, Cardiovasc
Clin Acad Grp, Cranmer Terrace, London SW17 0RE, England
St Georges Univ London, St Georges Univ Hosp NHS Fdn Trust, Cardiol Res
Sect, Cranmer Terrace, London SW17 0RE, England
Univ Groningen, Univ Med Ctr Groningen, Dept Cardiol, Groningen,
Univ Amsterdam, Emma Childrens Hosp, Dept Pediat Cardiol, Amsterdam UMC,
Amsterdam, Netherlands
Leiden Univ, Med Ctr, Willem Alexander Childrens Hosp, Dept Pediat
Cardiol, Leiden, Netherlands
Heidelberg Univ, Univ Med Ctr Mannheim, Med Klin 1, Mannheim, Germany
Ctr Invest Biomed Red Enfermedades Cardiovasc CIBE, Madrid, Spain
Univ Girona, Inst Invest Biomed Girona IDIBGI, Cardiovasc Genet Ctr,
Salt, Spain
Univ Girona, Sch Med, Med Sci Dept, Girona, Spain
Hosp Josep Trueta, Cardiol Serv, Girona, Spain
Univ Murcia, Dept Med Interna, Ctra Finca Buenavista s-n,Campus Ciencias
Salud, El Palmar, Murcia, Spain
Tel Aviv Univ, Tel Aviv Sourasky Med Ctr, Dept Cardiol, Tel Aviv, Israel
Tel Aviv Univ, Sackler Sch Med, Tel Aviv, Israel
Ist Auxol Italiano, Ctr Cardiac Arrhythmias Genet Origin, IRCCS, Milan,
Italy
Univ Milano Bicocca, Dept Med & Surg, Milan, Italy
Royal Childrens Hosp, Dept Cardiol, Melbourne, Australia
Murdoch Childrens Res Inst, Melbourne, Australia
Univ Melbourne, Dept Paediat, Melbourne, Australia
Bambino Gesu Pediat Hosp, IRCCS, Dept Pediat Cardiol & Cardiac Surg,
Pediat Cardiol & Cardiac Arrhythmias Unit, Palidoro Rome, Italy
Univ Turin, Dept Med Sci, Cardiol, Turin, Italy
Citta Salute & Sci, Cardiovasc & Thorac Dept, Div Cardiol, Turin, Italy
Gen Univ Hosp Elda, Cardiol Dept, Alicante, Spain
Univ Oslo, Oslo Univ Hosp, Dept Cardiol, ProCardio Ctr Innovat,Rikshosp,
Oslo, Norway
Univ Med Ctr Groningen, Dept Pediat Cardiol, Groningen, Netherlands
Shiga Univ Med Sci, Dept Cardiovasc Med, Otsu, Japan
Garvan Inst Med Res, Genom & Inherited Dis Program, Darlinghurst, NSW,
Australia
Univ New South Wales, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
Univ Sydney, Fac Med & Hlth, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
Royal Prince Alfred Hosp, Dept Cardiol, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
Erasmus MC Sophia, Dept Pediat Cardiol, Rotterdam, Netherlands
Vanderbilt Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Div Cardiol, Nashville, TN USA
Western Univ, Div Cardiol, London Heart Rhythm Program, London, ON,
Canada
Univ British Columbia, Ctr Cardiovasc Innovat, Div Cardiol, Vancouver,
BC, Canada
Helsinki Univ Hosp, Heart & Lung Ctr, Helsinki, Finland
Univ Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
Natl Cerebral & Cardiovasc Ctr, Med Genome Ctr, Suita, Japan
Univ Nantes, CNRS, Inst Thorax, INSERM,CHU Nantes, Nantes, France
Hamilton Hlth Sci, Populat Hlth Res Inst, Hamilton, ON, Canada
McMaster Univ, Hamilton, ON, Canada
Univ Hosp Leuven, Dept Cardiovasc Dis, Leuven, Belgium
Univ Leuven, Dept Cardiovasc Sci, Leuven, Belgium
Royal Brompton Hosp, Dept Cardiol, London, England
Umea Univ, Dept Clin Sci, Pediat, Umea, Sweden
Univ Bordeaux, Cardiac Arrhythmia Dept, IHU Liryc, INSERM 1045,CHU
Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
Hosp St Joan de Deu, Inherited Cardiac Dis & Sudden Death Unit, Pediat
Arrhythmias, Esplugas de Llobregat, Spain
Univ Sydney, Agnes Ginges Ctr Mol Cardiol, Centenary Inst, Newtown, NSW,
Nippon Med Sch, Grad Sch Med, Dept Cardiovasc Med, Tokyo, Japan
UCL, Ctr Paediat Inherited & Rare Cardiovasc Dis, Zayed Ctr Res, 20
Guilford St, London, England
Great Ormond St Hosp Sick Children, Ctr Inherited Cardiovasc Dis, Great
Ormond St, London, England
Saitama Med Univ, Dept Pediat Cardiol, Int Med Ctr, Saitama, Japan
Starship Childrens Hosp, Cardiac Inherited Dis Grp New Zealand, Green
Lane Paediat & Congenital Cardiac Serv, Auckland, New Zealand
Univ Auckland, Dept Paediat Child & Youth Hlth, Auckland, New Zealand
Charles Univ Prague, Fac Med 2, Childrens Heart Ctr, Dept Pediat
Cardiol, Prague, Czech Republic
Motol Univ Hosp, Childrens Heart Ctr, Prague, Czech Republic
Rigshosp, Dept Cardiol, Copenhagen, Denmark
Univ Copenhagen, Fac Med Sci, Dept Forens Med, Copenhagen, Denmark
Univ Med Ctr Rotterdam, Dept Cardiol, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands
Vanderbilt Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Med, Nashville, TN USA
Ctr Med Cardiol, Cardiavant, Las Palmas Gran Canaria, Spain
Hosp Univ & Politecn La Fe, Dept Cardiol, Valencia, Spain
Inst Invest Sanitaria La Fe, CAFAMUSME Res Grp, Valencia, Spain
Univ Valencia, Dept Med, Valencia, Spain
Inst Salud Carlos III, CIBER Cardiovasc, Madrid, Spain
Univ Amsterdam, Amsterdam Publ Hlth Res Inst, Dept Epidemiol & Data Sci,
Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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