Extracellular-to-total body water ratio is associated with comorbidity and cardiorespiratory fitness in older adults with post-COVID-19 syndrome


Por: Pleguezuelos E, Del Carmen A, Sánchez-Nuño S, Serra-Payá N, Encarna Moreno Castañeda, Molina L, Jerez-Molina C, Girabent Farrés M, Castizo-Olier J, Biurrun A, Viñals X, Serra-Prat M and Garnacho MV

Publicada: 11 feb 2026 Ahead of Print: 11 feb 2026
Resumen:
Background: Post-coronavirus disease 2019 (post-COVID-19) syndrome is associated with persistent impairments in physical fitness and altered body composition, particularly in older adults. The extracellular-to-total body water (ECW/TBW) ratio has been linked to poor outcomes in clinical populations. However, its association with cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and muscular fitness (MF) in older adults with post-COVID-19 syndrome remains unclear. This study aimed to examine the associations between ECW/TBW ratio, CRF, MF, and other variables in this population. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in 71 older adults with post-COVID-19 syndrome. Hydration status and body composition were assessed using bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA). CRF was evaluated by cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET; peak oxygen uptake, VO(2)peak), and MF was assessed using isokinetic and functional performance tests. Associations between ECW/TBW ratio, fitness outcomes, and other variables were analyzed through multi-variate linear regression models adjusted for age and sex. Results: Higher ECW/TBW ratio was significantly associated with lower VO(2)peak (beta = -0.010, p = 0.048) and greater comorbidity burden (beta = 0.003, p = 0.002). No significant associations were observed between ECW/TBW ratio and MF variables (p > 0.05). Conclusions: The ECW/TBW ratio is independently associated with comorbidity burden and CRF, but not with MF, in older adults with post-COVID-19 syndrome. The Charlson Comorbidity Index emerged as the strongest determinant of ECW/TBW ratio. These findings highlight the potential relevance of integrating hydration monitoring and CRF assessment into rehabilitation strategies, and support further investigation of their role in the clinical management of older adults with post-COVID-19 syndrome.

Filiaciones:
Pleguezuelos E:
 Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Mataró Hospital, Mataró, Barcelona, Spain

Del Carmen A:
 Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Mataró Hospital, Mataró, Barcelona, Spain

:
 DAFNiS Research Group, Pain, Physical Activity, Nutrition and Health, Campus Docent Sant Joan de Déu, Universitat de Vic-Universitat Central de Catalunya, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain

:
 DAFNiS Research Group, Pain, Physical Activity, Nutrition and Health, Campus Docent Sant Joan de Déu, Universitat de Vic-Universitat Central de Catalunya, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain

Encarna Moreno Castañeda:
 Servicio de Medicina Física y Rehabilitación, Hospital General de Hospitalet, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain

Molina L:
 DAFNiS Research Group, Pain, Physical Activity, Nutrition and Health, Campus Docent Sant Joan de Déu, Universitat de Vic-Universitat Central de Catalunya, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain

Jerez-Molina C:
 DAFNiS Research Group, Pain, Physical Activity, Nutrition and Health, Campus Docent Sant Joan de Déu, Universitat de Vic-Universitat Central de Catalunya, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain

:
 DAFNiS Research Group, Pain, Physical Activity, Nutrition and Health, Campus Docent Sant Joan de Déu, Universitat de Vic-Universitat Central de Catalunya, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain

Castizo-Olier J:
 DAFNiS Research Group, Pain, Physical Activity, Nutrition and Health, Campus Docent Sant Joan de Déu, Universitat de Vic-Universitat Central de Catalunya, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain

Biurrun A:
 DAFNiS Research Group, Pain, Physical Activity, Nutrition and Health, Campus Docent Sant Joan de Déu, Universitat de Vic-Universitat Central de Catalunya, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain

 Departament de Salut Publica, Salut Mental i Materno-Infantil, Facultat d'Infermeria, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain

Viñals X:
 DAFNiS Research Group, Pain, Physical Activity, Nutrition and Health, Campus Docent Sant Joan de Déu, Universitat de Vic-Universitat Central de Catalunya, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain

Serra-Prat M:
 Unidad de Investigación Consorci Sanitari del Maresme, Mataró, Barcelona, Spain

Garnacho MV:
 DAFNiS Research Group, Pain, Physical Activity, Nutrition and Health, Campus Docent Sant Joan de Déu, Universitat de Vic-Universitat Central de Catalunya, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain

 CienciaSalud Integral, Palma de Mallorca, Spain

 Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Internacional de Valencia (VIU), Valencia, Spain
ISSN: 2296861X





Frontiers in Nutrition
Editorial
FRONTIERS MEDIA SA, AVENUE DU TRIBUNAL FEDERAL 34, LAUSANNE CH-1015, SWITZERLAND, Suiza
Tipo de documento: Article
Volumen: 13 Número:
Páginas: 1715783-1715783
WOS Id: 001698896600001
ID de PubMed: 41756626
imagen Green Submitted, gold

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