Ultraprocessed foods consumption and risk of preeclampsia: a secondary analysis of the improving mothers for a better prenatal care trial Barcelona (IMPACT BCN) randomized clinical trial
Por:
Trejo-Domínguez A, Benitez L, Crovetto F, Casas R, Youssef L, Larroya M, María Ruiz-León A, Nakaki A, Genero M, Casas I, Novoa RH, Encabo N, Rahman M, Wang X, O'Sullivan JF, Hegarty NR, Vieta E, Gratacós E, Estruch R, Crispi F and Castro-Barquero S
Publicada:
1 may 2026
Ahead of Print:
2 mar 2026
Resumen:
Background: Preeclampsia is a pregnancy-specific condition affecting 2%-8% of pregnant females and a leading cause of maternal and perinatal morbimortality. High ultraprocessed food (UPF) consumption has been associated with the development of noncommunicable chronic diseases, but evidence on pregnancy outcomes is scarce. Objectives: To study the association of maternal UPF consumption and the risk of preeclampsia. Methods: This study is a secondary analysis of the IMPACT BCN, a randomized clinical trial including 1221 pregnant females at high risk for small for gestational age newborns, conducted in Barcelona, Spain. Among these, 812 participants with complete dietary data at 2 timepoints during pregnancy (between weeks 19-23 of gestation and weeks 34-36 of gestation) were included in this analysis and classified into tertiles of change in UPF consumption during pregnancy. Dietary UPF consumption was assessed using NOVA classification with a validated 151-item food frequency questionnaire. Preeclampsia was defined as high blood pressure plus targeted organ involvement. Analyses were performed using logistic regression models adjusted for potential confounding factors. Results: Associations between change of UFP consumption during pregnancy and overall preeclampsia were observed across tertiles [odds ratio (OR)T3 compared with T1 : 2.29; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.06, 4.97, P-trend 0.026], but not when UPF change was modeled as a continuous variable [OR:1.04; 95% CI: 0.95, 1.14]. Among UPF subclasses, pre-prepared dishes were significantly associated with preeclampsia risk [ORT3 compared with T1 : 2.36; 95% CI: 1.09, 5.12]. Conclusions: In a high-risk population, a higher change in dietary intake of UPF consumption from the second to third trimester of pregnancy was associated with a higher risk of preeclampsia. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03166332.
Filiaciones:
:
BCNatal | Barcelona Center for Maternal and Fetal Medicine (Hospital Clínic and Hospital Sant Joan de Déu), University of Barcelona
Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain
:
BCNatal | Barcelona Center for Maternal and Fetal Medicine (Hospital Clínic and Hospital Sant Joan de Déu), University of Barcelona
Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
Crovetto F:
BCNatal | Barcelona Center for Maternal and Fetal Medicine (Hospital Clínic and Hospital Sant Joan de Déu), University of Barcelona
Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain
Primary Care Interventions to Prevent Maternal and Child Chronic Diseases of Perinatal and Development Origin, RD21/0012/0001, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
Casas R:
Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN)
Institut de Recerca en Nutrició i Seguretat Alimentaria (INSA-UB). University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
Department of Internal Medicine Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
:
BCNatal | Barcelona Center for Maternal and Fetal Medicine (Hospital Clínic and Hospital Sant Joan de Déu), University of Barcelona
Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
:
BCNatal | Barcelona Center for Maternal and Fetal Medicine (Hospital Clínic and Hospital Sant Joan de Déu), University of Barcelona
Dexeus Mujer (Hospital Universitari Dexeus), Barcelona, Spain
María Ruiz-León A:
Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN)
Institut de Recerca en Nutrició i Seguretat Alimentaria (INSA-UB). University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
Department of Internal Medicine Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
Nakaki A:
BCNatal | Barcelona Center for Maternal and Fetal Medicine (Hospital Clínic and Hospital Sant Joan de Déu), University of Barcelona
Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
:
BCNatal | Barcelona Center for Maternal and Fetal Medicine (Hospital Clínic and Hospital Sant Joan de Déu), University of Barcelona
Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain
:
BCNatal | Barcelona Center for Maternal and Fetal Medicine (Hospital Clínic and Hospital Sant Joan de Déu), University of Barcelona
Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
:
BCNatal | Barcelona Center for Maternal and Fetal Medicine (Hospital Clínic and Hospital Sant Joan de Déu), University of Barcelona
:
BCNatal | Barcelona Center for Maternal and Fetal Medicine (Hospital Clínic and Hospital Sant Joan de Déu), University of Barcelona
Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain
Rahman M:
Charles Perkins Centre, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
Wang X:
Charles Perkins Centre, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
O'Sullivan JF:
Charles Perkins Centre, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
CardioMetabolic Medicine Laboratory, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
Department of Cardiology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
Department of Medicine, TU Dresden, Helmholtzstr. Dresden, Germany
Hegarty NR:
ANSTO, New Illawarra Road, Lucas Heights, New South Wales, Australia
Vieta E:
Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Hospital Clinic, Neuroscience Institute, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Spain
Gratacós E:
BCNatal | Barcelona Center for Maternal and Fetal Medicine (Hospital Clínic and Hospital Sant Joan de Déu), University of Barcelona
Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain
Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
Centre for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Barcelona, Spain
Estruch R:
Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN)
Institut de Recerca en Nutrició i Seguretat Alimentaria (INSA-UB). University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
Department of Internal Medicine Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
Crispi F:
BCNatal | Barcelona Center for Maternal and Fetal Medicine (Hospital Clínic and Hospital Sant Joan de Déu), University of Barcelona
Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
Centre for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Barcelona, Spain
:
BCNatal | Barcelona Center for Maternal and Fetal Medicine (Hospital Clínic and Hospital Sant Joan de Déu), University of Barcelona
Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN)
Institut de Recerca en Nutrició i Seguretat Alimentaria (INSA-UB). University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
Green Submitted, hybrid
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