Hypotonia in the neonatal period: 12 years' experience
Por:
Jiménez E, Garcia-Cazorla A, Colomer J, Nascimento-Osorio A, Iriondo-Sanz M and Campistol-Plana J
Publicada:
16 ene 2013
Categoría:
Neurology (clinical)
Resumen:
Introduction. Hypotonia is one of the most frequent signs of
neurological pathology in newborn infants.
Aims. To determine, in a 12-year retrospective study, the relative
frequency of neurological pathologies that can be accompanied by
hypotonia during the neonatal period and to describe the neurological
development after two years' follow-up.
Patients and methods. We conducted a systematic review of the newborn
infants with hypotonia due to an identifiable cause who were admitted to
the neonatal unit of the Hospital Sant Joan de Deu between January 1996
and December 2008. Information collected referred to family history,
data related with the pregnancy and childbirth, clinical features and
complementary tests.
Results. A total of 73 hypotonic newborn infants were identified,
21(28.7%) of whom met eligibility criteria. The majority, 81% (n = 17),
were classified as central hypotonias and the remaining 19% (n = 4) were
graded as peripheral hypotonias. In the first group, 47% (n = 8)
presented chromosomal disorders, 29.4% (n = 5) had metabolic diseases
and 23.5% (n = 4) displayed malformations of the central nervous system.
Conclusions. The central causes of hypotonia continue to be the most
prevalent in the neonatal period and, within these, chromosomal
disorders are the most frequent. Peripheral causes are less common and
have a more severe prognosis. Advances in molecular genetics have
allowed many neuromuscular diseases to be diagnosed both genetically and
at the molecular level. The diversity and complexity of the pathologies
justifies a multidisciplinary approach being taken to treat these
newborn infants.
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